Затверджено наказом МОЗ України № 85 від 11.02.2016

7. Література

1. Fokkens W, Lund V, Mullol J. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2007. Rhinol Suppl. 2007(20):1-136.

2. Meltzer EO, Hamilos DL. Rhinosinusitis diagnosis and management for the clinician: a synopsis of recent consensus guidelines. Mayo Clinic proceedings Mayo Clinic. 2011 May;86(5):427-43.

3. Meltzer EO, Hamilos DL, Hadley JA, Lanza DC, Marple BF, Nicklas RA, та ін. Rhinosinusitis: establishing definitions for clinical research and patient care. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2004 Dec;114(6 Suppl):155-212.

4. Fokkens W, Lund V, Bachert C, Clement P, Helllings P, Holmstrom M, та ін. EAACI position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps executive summary. Allergy. 2005 May;60(5):583-601.

5. Fokkens W, Lund V, Mullol J. EP3OS 2007: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2007. A summary for otorhinolaryngologists. Rhinology. 2007 Jun;45(2):97- 101.

6. Desrosiers M, Evans GA, Keith PK, Wright ED, Kaplan A, Bouchard J, та ін. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'otorhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervicofaciale. 2011 May;40 Suppl 2:S99-193.

7. Fokkens W, Lund V, Bachert C, Clement P, Helllings P, Holmstrom M, та ін. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Rhinol Suppl. 2005(18):1-87.

8. Wang DY, Wardani RS, Singh K, Thanaviratananich S, Vicente G, Xu G, та ін. A survey on the management of acute rhinosinusitis among Asian physicians. Rhinology. 2011 Sep;49(3):264-71.

9. Brozek JL, Akl EA, Alonso-Coello P, Lang D, Jaeschke R, Williams JW, та ін. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations in clinical practice guidelines. Part 1 of 3. An overview of the GRADE approach and grading quality of evidence about interventions. Allergy. 2009 May;64(5):669-77.

10. Shekelle PG, Woolf SH, Eccles M, Grimshaw J. Developing clinical guidelines. West J Med. 1999 Jun;170(6):348-51.

11. Tomassen P, Newson RB, Hoffmans R, Lotvall J, Cardell LO, Gunnbjornsdottir M, та ін. Reliability of EP3OS symptom criteria and nasal endoscopy in the assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis--a GA(2) LEN study. Allergy. 2011 Apr;66(4):556-61.

12. Hastan D, Fokkens WJ, Bachert C, Newson RB, Bislimovska J, Bockelbrink A, та ін. Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe—an underestimated disease. A GA(2)LEN study. Allergy. 2011 Sep;66(9):1216-23.

13. Jarvis D, Newson R, Lotvall J, Hastan D, Tomassen P, Keil T, та ін. Asthma in adults and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis: the GA2LEN survey in Europe. Allergy. 2012 Jan;67(1):91-8.

14. Van Crombruggen K, Van Bruaene N, Holtappels G, Bachert C. Chronic sinusitis and rhinitis: Clinical terminology Chronic Rhinosinusitis further supported. Rhinology. 2010 Mar 2;48(1):54-8.

15. Ragab SM, Lund VJ, Scadding G, Saleh HA, Khalifa MA. Impact of chronic rhinosinusitis therapy on quality of life; A prospective randomized controlled trial. Rhinology. 2010;48(3):305-11.

16. Ragab SM, Lund VJ, Scadding G. Evaluation of the medical and surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective, randomi sed, cont rol led t r ial. The Laryngoscope. 2004;114(5):923-30.

17. Cho SH, Hong SJ, Han B, Lee SH, Suh L, Norton J, та ін. Age-related differences in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2012 Jan 9.

18. Ebbens FA, Toppila-Salmi SK, Renkonen JA, Renkonen RL, Mullol J, van Drunen CM, Ta iH. Endothelial L-selectin ligand expression in nasal polyps. Allergy. 2010 Jan;65(1):95- 102.

19. van Drunen CM, Reinartz SM, Wigman J, Fokkens W. Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyposis. Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. 2009;29.

20. DeMarcantonio MA, Han JK. Nasal polyps: pathogenesis and treatment implications. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America. 2011 Jun;44(3):685-95, ix.

21. Zhang XH, Lu X, Long XB, You XJ, Gao QX, Cui YH, Ta iH. Chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps is associated with decreased expression of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2009 May;39(5):647-54.

22. Zhang N, Van Zele T, Perez-Novo C, Van Bruaene N, Holtappels G, DeRuyck N, Ta iH. Different types of T-effector cells orchestrate mucosal inflammation in chronic sinus disease. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2008 Nov;122(5):961-8.

23. Tan BK, Li QZ, Suh L, Kato A, Conley DB, Chandra RK, Ta iH. Evidence for intranasal antinuclear autoantibodies in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011 Oct 12.

24. Keswani A, Chustz RT, Suh L, Carter R, Peters AT, Tan BK, Ta iH. Differential expression of interleukin-32 in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Allergy. 2012 References.

25. Kern RC, Conley DB, Walsh W, Chandra R, Kato A, Tripathi-Peters A, Ta iH. Perspectives on the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: an immune barrier hypothesis. American journal of rhinology. 2008 Nov-Dec;22(6):549-59.

26. Tomassen P, Van Zele T, Zhang N, Perez- Novo C, Van Bruaene N, Gevaert P, Ta iH. Pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. 2011 Mar;8(1):115-20.

27. Ebbens FA, Toppila-Salmi S, de Groot EJ, Renkonen J, Renkonen R, van Drunen CM, Ta iH. Predictors of post-operative response to treatment: a double blind placebo controlled study in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Rhinology. 2011 Oct;49(4):413-9.

28. Chan Y, Kuhn FA. An update on the classifications, diagnosis, and treatment of rhinosinusitis. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2009 Jun;17(3):204-8.

29. Marple BF, Brunton S, Ferguson BJ. Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: A review of U.S. treatment guidelines. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. [Review]. 2006;135(3):341-8.

30. Bachert C, Hormann K, Mosges R, Rasp G, Riechelmann H, Muller R, Ta iH. An update on the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis and nasal polyposis. Allergy. 2003 Mar;58(3):176-91.

31. Revai K, Dobbs LA, Nair S, Patel JA, Grady JJ, Chonmaitree T. Incidence of acute otitis media and sinusitis complicating upper respiratory tract infection: the effect of age. Pediatrics. 2007 Jun;119(6):e1408-12.

32. Uijen JH, Bindels PJ, Schellevis FG, van der Wouden JC. ENT problems in Dutch children: trends in incidence rates, antibiotic prescribing and referrals 2002- 2008. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2011 Jun;29(2):75-9.

33. Neumark T, Brudin L, Engstrom S, Molstad S. Trends in number of consultations and antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory tract infections between 1999 and 2005 in primary healthcare in Kalmar County, Southern Sweden. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2009;27(1):18-24.

34. Osk arsson JP, Halldorsson S. [An evaluation of diagnosis and treatment of acute sinusitis at three health care centers]. Laeknabladid. 2010 Sep;96(9):531-5.

35. van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, Heijnen ML, Bartelds AI, Peters MF, van der Plas SM, Wilbrink B. A case-control study of acute respiratory tract infection in general practice patients in The Netherlands. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2005 Aug 15;41(4):490-7.

36. Cherry DK, Woodwell DA, Rechtsteiner EA. National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2005 summary. Adv Data. 2007 Jun 29(387):1-39.

37. Bhat tachar y ya N. Contemporar y assessment of the disease burden of sinusitis. The economic burden and symptom manifestations of chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009;23(4):392-5.

38. Kaliner MA, Osguthorpe JD, Fireman P, Anon J, Georgitis J, Davis ML, Ta m. Sinusitis: bench to bedside. Current findings, future directions [published erratum appears in Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Sep;117(3 Pt 1): 187]. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1997;116(6 Pt 2):S1-20.

39. Bhutta MF, Al-Shaikh S, Latif M, Lee R, Uraiby J. Nasal polyps do not contain olfactory structures. Rhinology. 2011 Jun;49(2):185-9.

40. Louie JK, Hacker JK, Gonzales R, Mark J, Maselli JH, Yagi S, Ta iH. Characterization of viral agents causing acute respiratory infection in a San Francisco University Medical Center Clinic during the influenza season. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2005 Sep 15;41(6):822-8.

41. Varonen H, Rautakorpi UM, Huikko S, Honkanen PO, Klaukka T, Laippala P, Ta iH. Management of acute maxillary sinusitis in Finnish primary care. Results from the nationwide MIKSTRA study. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2004 Jun;22(2):122-7.

42. Rautakorpi UM, Klaukka T, Honkanen Makela M, Nikkarinen T, Palva E, Ta iH. Antibiotic use by indication: a basis for active antibiotic policy in the community. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33(12):920-6.

43. Bhattacharyya N, Grebner J, Martinson NG. Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis: Epidemiology and Health Care Cost Burden. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011 Oct 25.

44. Iseh KR, Makusidi M. Rhinosinusitis: a retrospective analysis of clinical pattern and outcome in north western Nigeria. Ann Afr Med. 2010 Jan-Mar;9(1):20-6.

45. Ogunleye AO, Nwargu OG, Lasisi AO, Ijaduola GT. Trends of sinusitis in Ibadan, Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 1999 Oct-Dec;18(4):298-302.

46. Treebupachatsakul P, Tiengr im S, Thamlikitkul V. Upper respiratory tract infection in Thai adults: prevalence and prediction of bacterial causes, and effectiveness of using clinical practice guidelines. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006 Aug;89(8):1178-86.

47. Suonpaa J, Antila J. Increase of acute frontal sinusitis in southwestern Finland. Scand J Infect Dis. 1990;22(5):563-8.

48. Bhattacharyya N. Air quality influences the prevalence of hay fever and sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2009;119(3):429-33.

49. Tosca MA, Cosentino C, Pallestrini E, Riccio AM, Milanese M, Canonica GW, Ta iH. Medical treatment reverses cytokine pattern in allergic and nonallergic chronic rhinosinusitis in asthmatic children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2003 Jun;14(3):238-41.

50. van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, van der Sande MA, Heijnen ML, Peeters MF, Bartelds AI, Wilbrink B. Risk factors for acute respiratory tract infections in general practitioner patients in The Netherlands: a case-control study. BMC infectious diseases. 2007;7:35.

51. Koskinen OM, Husman TM, Meklin TM, Nevalainen AI. The relationship between moisture or mould observations in houses and the state of health of their occupants. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 1999 Dec;14(6):1363-7.

52. Babar-Craig H, Gupta Y, Lund VJ. British Rhinological Society audit of the role of antibiotics in complications of acute rhinosinusitis: a national prospective audit. Rhinology. 2010 Sep;48(3):344-7.

53. Rank MA, Wollan P, Kita H, Yawn BP. Acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis occur in a distinct seasonal pattern. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 May 29.

54. Eccles R. An explanation for the seasonality of acute upper respiratory tract viral infections. Acta Otolaryngol. 2002 Mar;122(2):183-91.

55. Rudmik L, Muzychuk A, Oddone Paolucci E, Mechor B. Chinook wind barosinusitis: an anatomic evaluation. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Nov-Dec;23(6):e14-6.

56. Trevino RJ. Air pollution and its effect on the upper respiratory tract and on allergic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1996 Feb;114(2):239-41.

57. Zuskin E, Mustajbegovic J, Schachter EN, Kern J, Deckovic-Vukres V, Pucarin- Cvetkovic J, Ta iH. Respiratory findings in pharmaceutical workers. Am J Ind Med. 2004 Nov;46(5):472-9.

58. Jaakkola MS, Jaakkola JJ. Office equipment and supplies: a modern occupational health concern? Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Dec 1;150(11):1223-8.

59. Duclos P, Sanderson LM, Lipsett M. The 1987 forest fire disaster in California: as ses sment of emergenc y room visits. Arch Environ Health. 1990 Jan- Feb;45(1):53-8.

60. Alkire BC, Bhattacharyya N. An assessment of sinonasal anatomic variants potentially as sociated wi th recur rent acut e rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2010 Mar;120(3):631-4.

61. Bomeli SR, Branstetter BFt, Ferguson BJ. Frequency of a dental source for acute maxillary sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Mar;119(3):580-4.

62. Mathew AL, Pai KM, Sholapurkar AA. Maxillary sinus findings in the elderly: a panoramic radiographic study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2009;10(6):E041-8.

63. Eyigor H, Basak S. [Evaluation of predisposing factors and bacteriologic agents in pediatric rhinosinusitis]. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg. 2005;15(3-4):49-55.

64. Savolainen S. Allergy in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis. Allergy. 1989 Feb;44(2):116- 22.

65. Ciprandi G, Buscaglia S, Pesce G, Villaggio B, Bagnasco M, Canonica GW. Allergic subjects express intercellular adhesion molecule--1 (ICAM-1 or CD54) on epithelial cells of conjunctiva after allergen challenge. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1993 Mar;91(3):783-92.

66. Ciprandi G, Tosca MA, Fasce L. Allergic children have more numerous and severe respiratory infections than non-allergic children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006 Aug;17(5):389-91.

67. Melvin TA, Lane AP, Nguyen MT, Lin SY. Allergic rhinitis patients with recurrent acute sinusitis have increased sinonasal epi thel ial cel l TLR9 expres s ion. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 May;142(5):659-64.

68. An YF, Wang WH, Zhao CQ, Xue JM, Zhao HL. [Preliminary investigation into the allergic rhinitis complicated with acute bacterial sinusitis in mice]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2007 Feb;42(2):138-42.

69. Naclerio R, Blair C, Yu X, Won YS, Gabr U, Baroody FM. Allergic rhinitis augments the response to a bacterial sinus infection in mice: A review of an animal model. American journal of rhinology. 2006 Sep-Oct;20(5):524-33.

70. Blair C, Nel son M, Thompson K, Boonlayangoor S, Haney L, Gabr U, Ta iH. Allergic inflammation enhances bacterial sinusitis in mice. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2001 Sep;108(3):424-9.

71. Mbarek C, Akrout A, Khamassi K, Ben Gamra O, Hariga I, Ben Amor M, Ta iH. [Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in children and allergy. A crosssectional study of 100 cases]. Tunis Med. 2008 Apr;86(4):358-61.

72. Ulanovski D, Barenboim E, Raveh E, Grossman A, Azaria B, Shpitzer T. Sinusitis in pilots of different aircraft types: is allergic rhinitis a predisposing factor? American journal of rhinology. 2008 Mar-Apr;22(2):122-4.

73. Ruoppi P, Seppa J, Nuutinen J. Acute frontal sinusitis: etiological factors and treatment outcome. Acta Otolaryngol. 1993 Mar;113(2):201-5.

74. Schatz M, Zeiger RS, Chen W, Yang SJ, Corrao MA, Quinn VP. The burden of rhinitis in a managed care organization. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology: official publication of the American Col l ege of Al l e rgy, As thma, & Immunology. 2008 Sep;101(3):240-7.

75. Eccles R. Mechanisms of the symptoms of rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2011 Jun;49(2):131-8.

76. Lin SW, Wang YH, Lee MY, Ku MS, Sun HL, Lu KH, Ta m. Clinical spectrum of acute rhinosinusitis among atopic and nonatopic children in Taiwan. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012 Jan;76(1):70-5.

77. Benoliel R, Biron A, Quek SY, Nahlieli O, Eliav E. Trigeminal neurosensory changes following acute and chronic paranasal sinusitis. Quintes sence Int. 2006 Jun;37(6):437-43.

78. Vlastos I, Athanasopoulos I, Mastronikolis NS, Panogeorgou T, Margaritis V, Naxakis S, Ta iH. Impaired mucociliary clearance in allergic rhinitis patients is related to predisposition to rhinosinusitis. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2009 Apr;88(4):E17-9.

79. Pant H, Ferguson BJ, Macardle PJ. The role of allergy in rhinosinusitis. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2009 Jun;17(3):232-8.

80. Alho OP. Nasal air flow, mucociliary clearance, and sinus functioning during viral colds: effects of allergic rhinitis and susceptibility to recurrent sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2004 Nov-Dec;18(6):349-55.

81. Kirtsreesakul V, Blair C, Yu X, Thompson K, Naclerio RM. Desloratadine partially inhibits the augmented bacterial responses in the sinuses of allergic and infected mice. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2004 0ct;34(10):1649-54.

82. Ciprandi G, Ricca V, Tosca M, Landi M, Passalacqua G, Canonica GW. Continuous antihistamine treatment controls allergic inflammation and reduces respiratory morbidity in children with mite allergy. Allergy. 1999 Apr;54(4):358-65.

83. Braun JJ, Alabert JP, Michel FB, Quiniou M, Rat C, Cougnard J, Ta iH. Adjunct effect of loratadine in the treatment of acute sinusitis in patients with allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 1997 Jun;52(6):650-5.

84. Tamashiro E, Xiong G, Anselmo-Lima WT, Kreindler JL, Palmer JN, Cohen NA. Cigarette smoke exposure impairs respirator y epithelial ciliogenesis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Mar-Apr;23(2):117-22.

85. De S, Leong SC, Fenton JE, Carter SD, Clarke RW, Jones AS. The effect of passive smoking on the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in nasal secretions of children. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2011 Jul-Aug;25(4):226-30.

86. Bush A, Chodhari R, Collins N, Copeland F, Hall P, Harcourt J, Ta iH. Primary ciliary dyskinesia: current state of the art. Arch Dis Child. 2007 Dec;92(12):1136-40.

87. Holzmann D, Felix H. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome-- a sign of primary ciliary dyskinesia? European journal of pediatrics. 2000 Nov;159(11):857-60.

88. Ferkol T, Leigh M. Primary ciliary dyskinesia and newborn respiratory distress. Semin Perinatol. 2006 Dec;30(6):335-40.

89. Hossain T, Kappelman MD, Perez-Atayde AR, Young GJ, Huttner KM, Christou H. Primary ciliary dyskinesia as a cause of neonatal respiratory distress: implications for the neonatologist. J Perinatol. 2003 Dec;23(8):684-7.

90. Torgersen J. Transposition of viscera, bronchiectasis and nasal polyps; a genetical analysis and a contribution to the problem of constitution. Acta radiol. 1947 Feb 28;28(1):17-24.

91. Afzelius BA, Stenram U. Prevalence and genetics of immotile-cilia syndrome and left- handedness. Int J Dev Biol. 2006;50(6):571-3.

92. Katsuhara K, Kawamoto S, Wakabayashi T, Belsky JL. Situs inversus totalis and Kartagener's syndrome in a Japanese population. Chest. 1972 Jan;61(1):56-61.

93. Verra F, Escudier E, Bignon J, Pinchon MC, Boucherat M, Bernaudin JF, Ta iH. Inherited factors in diffuse bronchiectasis in the adult: a prospective study. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 1991 Sep;4(8):937-44.

94. Barbato A, Frischer T, Kuehni CE, Snijders D, Azevedo I, Baktai G, Ta iH. Primary ciliary dyskinesia: a consensus statement on diagnostic and treatment approaches in children. The European respiratory journal: official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 2009 Dec;34(6):1264-76.

95. Pedersen M, Mygind N. Rhinitis, sinusitis and otitis media in Kartagener's syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia). Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 1982 Dec;7(6):373-80.

96. Clinical practice guideline: management of sinusitis. Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):798-808.

97. Mygind N, Pedersen M. Nose-, sinus- and ear-symptoms in 27 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl. 1983;127:96-101.

98. Bonham GS, Wilson RW. Children's health in families with cigarette smokers. Am J Public Health. 1981 Mar;71(3):290-3.

99. Zuskin E, Mustajbegovic J, Schachter EN, Kern J, Vadjic V, Strok N, Ta iH. Respiratory findings in mail carriers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2000 Mar;73(2):136-43.

100. Lin SY, Reh DD, Clipp S, Irani L, Navas-Acien A. Allergic rhinitis and secondhand tobacco smoke: a population-based study. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2011 Mar- Apr;25(2):e66-71.

101. Brook I. Effects of exposure to smoking on the microbial flora of children and their parents. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 May;74(5):447-50.

102. Brook I, Gober AE. Effect of smoking cessation on the microbial flora. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2007 Feb;133(2):135-8.

103. Davis KS, Casey SE, Mulligan JK, Mulligan RM, Schlosser RJ, Atkinson C. Murine complement deficiency ameliorates acute cigarette smoke-induced nasal damage. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 Jul;143(1):152-8.

104. Pacheco-Galvan A, Hart SP, Morice AH. Relationship between gastrooesophageal reflux and airway diseases: the airway reflux paradigm. Arch Bronconeumol. 2011 Apr;47(4):195-203.

105. Flook EP, Kumar BN. Is there evidence to link acid reflux with chronic sinusitis or any nasal symptoms? A review of the evidence. Rhinology. 2011 Mar;49(1):11-6.

106. Adams TB, Wharton CM, Quilter L, Hirsch T. The association between mental health and acute infectious illness among a national sample of 18- to 24-year-old college students. J Am Coll Health. 2008 May-Jun;56(6):657-63.

107. Principi N, Esposito S. New insights into pediatric rhinosinusitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007 Nov;18 Suppl 18:7-9.

108. Brook I, Gober AE. Frequency of recovery of pathogens from the nasopharynx of children with acute maxillary sinusitis before and after the introduction of vaccination with the 7- valent pneumococcal vaccine. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Apr;71(4):575-9.

109. Benninger MS . Acute ba c te r i a l rhinosinusitis and otitis media: changes in pathogenicity following widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Supplement 23. 2008 Mar;138(3):274-8.

110. Reinert RR. The antimicrobial resistance profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 Apr;15 Suppl 3:7-11.

111. Rybak MJ. Increased bacterial resistance: PROTEKT US--an update. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2004 Sep;38(9 Suppl):S8-S13.

112. Sahm DF, Benninger MS, Evangelista AT, Yee YC, Thornsberry C, Brown NP. Antimicrobial resistance trends among sinus isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States (2001-2005). Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2007 Mar;136(3):385-9.

113. Loughlin J, Poulios N, Napalkov P, Wegmuller Y, Monto AS. A study of influenza and influenza-related complications among children in a large US health insurance plan database. Pharmacoeconomics. 2003;21(4):273-83.

114. Heikkinen T, Jarvinen A. The common cold. Lancet. 2003 Jan 4;361(9351):51-9.

115. Payne SC, Benninger MS. Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis : a metaanalysis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2007 Nov 15;45(10):e121-7.

116. Anonymous. Antimicrobial treatment guidelines for a cut e bacterial rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. [Review]. 2004;130(1 SUPPL.):1-45.

117. Brook I. Bacteriology of acute and chronic frontal sinusitis. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2002 May;128(5):583-5.

118. Mims C, Dockrell HM, Goering RV, Roitt I, Wakelin D, Zuckerman M. Medical Microbiology. Third edition ed: Elsevier Mosby; 2004.

119. van Cauwenberge P, Ingels K. Effects of viral and bacterial infection on nasal and sinus mucosa. Acta Otolaryngol. 1996 Mar;116(2):316-21.

120. Papi A, Johnston SL. Rhinovirus infection induces expression of its own receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM- 1) via increased NF-kappaB-mediated transcription. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 2;274Q4):9707-20.

121. Bianco A, Whiteman SC, Sethi SK, Allen JT, Knight RA, Spiteri MA. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in nasal epithelial cells of atopic subjects: a mechanism for increased rhinovirus infection? Clin Exp Immunol. 2000 Aug;121(2):339-45.

122. Hellings. Rhinosinusitis and the lower airways. Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. 2009;29(4):733-40.

123. Greve JM, Davis G, Meyer AM, Forte CP, Yost SC, Marlor CW, Ta iH. The major human rhinovirus receptor is ICAM-1. Cell. 1989 Mar 10;56(5):839-47.

124. van Kempen M. An update on the pathophysiology of rhinovirus upper respiratory tract infections. Rhinology. 1999;37(3):97-103.

125. Bianco A, Sethi SK, Allen JT, Knight RA, Spiteri MA. Th2 cytokines exert a dominant influence on epithelial cell expression of the major group human rhinovirus receptor, ICAM-1. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 1998 Sep;12(3):619-26.

126. Lund. Therapeutic targets in rhinosinusitis: infection or inflammation? Medscape J Med. 008;10(4):105.

127. Masood A, Moumoulidis I, Panesar J. Acute rhinosinusitis in adults: an update on current management. Postgrad Med J. 2007 Jun;83(980):402-8.

128. Gnoy. A potential role for nasal obs t ruc t ion in development of acute sinusitis: an infection study in rabbits. American journal of rhinology. 1998;12(6):399-404.

129. Leung RS, Katial R. The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic sinusitis. Prim Care. 2008 Mar;35(1):11-24, v-vi.

130. Skoner DP. Complications of allergic rhinitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2000 Jun;105(6 Pt 2):S605-9.

131. Gwaltney JM, Jr., Hendley JO, Phillips CD, Bass CR, Mygind N, Winther B. Nose blowing propels nasal fluid into the paranasal sinuses. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2000 Feb;30(2):387-91.

132. Wang JH, Kwon HJ, Jang YJ. Rhinovirus enhances various bacterial adhesions to nasal epithelial cells simultaneously. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Jul;119(7):1406-11.

133. Passariello C, Schippa S, Conti C, Russo P, Poggiali F, Garaci E, Ta iH. Rhinoviruses promote internalisation of Staphylococcus aureus into nonfully permissive cultured pneumocytes. Microbes Infect. 2006 Mar;8(3):758-66.

134. Blair C. Role of type 1 T helper cells in the resolution of acute Streptococcus pneumoniae sinusitis: a mouse model. J Infect Dis. 2005;192(7):1237-44.

135. Sabroe I, Read RC, Whyte MK, Dockrell DH, Vogel SN, Dower SK. Toll-like receptors in health and disease: complex questions remain. J Immunol. 2003 Aug 15;171(4):1630-5.

136. Akira S, Takeda K, Kaisho T. Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat Immunol. 2001 Aug;2(8):675-80.

137. Schnare M, Bar ton GM, Holt AC, Takeda K, Akira S, Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol. 2001 Oct;2(10):947-50.

138. Sabroe I, Parker LC, Wilson AG, Whyte MK, Dower SK. Toll-like receptors: their role in allergy and non-allergic inflammatory disease. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 Jul;32(7):984-9.

139. Vandermeer J, Sha Q, Lane AP, Schleimer RP. Innate immunity of the sinonasal cavity: expression of messenger RNA for complement cascade components and toll-like receptors. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2004 Dec;130(12):1374-80.

140. Fransson M, Adner M, Erjefalt J, Jansson L, Uddman R, Cardell LO. Up-regulation of Toll-like receptors 2, 3 and 4 in allergic rhinitis. Respir Res. 2005;6:100.

141. Kunzelmann K, Sun J, Meanger J, King NJ, Cook DI. Inhibition of airway Na+ transport by respiratory syncytial virus. J Virol. 2007 Apr;81(8):3714-20.

142. Kunzelmann K, Beesley AH, King NJ, Karupiah G, Young JA, Cook DI. Influenza virus inhibits amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels in respiratory epithelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000 Aug 29;97(18):10282-7.

143. Kunzelmann K, Konig J, Sun J, Markovich D, King NJ, Karupiah G, Ta iH. Acute effects of parainfluenza virus on epithelial electrolyte transport. J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 19;279(47):48760-6.

144. Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Kaisho T, Sato S, Sanjo H, Ta iH. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature. 2000 Dec 7;408(6813):740-5.

145. Klinman DM. Immunotherapeutic uses of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Apr;4(4):249-58.

146. Heeg K, Dalpke A, Peter M, Zimmermann S. Structural requirements for uptake and recognition of CpG oligonucleotides. Int J Med Microbiol. 2008 Jan;298(1-2):33-8.

147. Wagner H. Interactions between bacterial CpG-DNA and TLR9 bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2002 Feb;5(1):62-9.

148. Mansson A, Bachar O, Adner M, Cardell LO. Nasal CpG oligodeoxynucleotide administration induces a local inflammatory response in nonallergic individuals. Allergy. 2009 Sep;64(9):1292-300.

149. Nagai Y, Akashi S, Nagafuku M, Ogata M, Iwakura Y, Akira S, Ta iH. Essential role of MD-2 in LPS responsiveness and TLR4 distribution. Nat Immunol. 2002 Jul;3(7):667-72.

150. Shimazu R, Akashi S, Ogata H, Nagai Y, Fukudome K, Miyake K, Ta iH. MD-2, a molecule that confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness on Toll-like receptor 4. J Exp Med. 1999 Jun 7;189(11):1777-82.

151. Chow JC, Young DW, Golenbock DT, Christ WJ, Gusovsky F. Toll-like receptor-4 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced signal transduction. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 16;274(16):10689-92.

152. Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S. Tolllike receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;21:335-76.

153. Heine H, Lien E. Toll-like receptors and their function in innate and adaptive immunity. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003 Mar;130(3):180-92.

154. Hertz CJ, Kiertscher SM, Godowski PJ, Bouis DA, Norgard MV, Roth MD, Ta iH. Microbial lipopeptides stimulate dendritic cell maturation via Toll-like receptor 2. J Immunol. 2001 Feb 15;166(4):2444-50.

155. Michelsen KS, Aicher A, Mohaupt M, Hartung T, Dimmeler S, Kirschning CJ, Ta iH. The role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in bacteria-induced maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCS). Peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid are inducers of DC maturation and require TLR2. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jul 13;276(28):25680-6.

156. van Rossum AM, Lysenko ES, Weiser JN. Host and bacterial factors contributing to the clearance of colonization by St reptococcus pneumoniae in a murine model. Infect Immun. 2005 Nov;73(11):7718-26.

157. Schwandner R, Dziarski R, Wesche H, Rothe M, Kirschning CJ. Peptidoglycanand lipoteichoic acid-induced cell activation is mediated by toll-like receptor 2. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 18;274(25):17406-9.

158. Malley R, Henneke P, Morse SC, Cieslewicz MJ, Lipsitch M, Thompson CM, Ta iH. Recognition of pneumolysin by Tolllike receptor 4 confers resistance to pneumococcal infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003 Feb 18;100(4):1966-71.

159. Claeys S, de Belder T, Holtappels G, Gevaert P, Verhasselt B, van Cauwenberge P, Ta iH. Human beta-defensins and tolllike receptors in the upper airway. Allergy. 2003 Aug;58(8):748-53.

160. Igarashi Y, Skoner DP, Doyle WJ, White MV, Fireman P, Kaliner MA. Analysis of nasal secretions during experimental rhinovirus upper respiratory infections. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1993 Nov;92(5):722-31.

161. Naclerio RM, Proud D, Lichtenstein LM, Kagey-Sobotka A, Hendley JO, Sorrentino J, Ta iH. Kinins are generated during experimental rhinovirus colds. J Infect Dis. 1988 Jan;157(1):133-42.

162. Shibayama Y, Skoner D, Suehiro S, Konishi JE, Fireman P, Kaplan AP. Bradykinin levels during experimental nasal infection with rhinovirus and attenuated influenza virus. Immunopharmacology. 1996 Jun;33(1-3):311-3.

163. Proud D, Gwaltney JM, Jr., Hendley JO, Dinarello CA, Gillis S, Schleimer RP. Increased levels of interleukin-1 are detected in nasal secretions of volunteers during experimental rhinovirus colds. J Infect Dis. 1994 May;169(5):1007-13.

164. Tamaoki J, Kobayashi K, Sakai N, Chiyotani A, Kanemura T, Takizawa T. Effect of bradykinin on airway ciliary motility and its modulation by neutral endopeptidase. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Aug;140(2):430-5.

165. Proud D. Kinins in the pathogenesis of human airway diseases. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1994 Aug;27(8):2021-31.

166. Dear JW, Ghali S, Foreman JC. Attenuation of human nasal airway responses to bradykinin and histamine by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. Br J Pharmacol. 1996 Jul;118(5):1177-82.

167. Maeda H, Akaike T, Wu J, Noguchi Y, Sakata Y. Bradykinin and nitric oxide in infectious disease and cancer. Immunopharmacology. 1996 Jun;33(1-3):222-30.

168. Djupesland PG. Nitric oxide in the nasal airway: a new dimension in otorhinolaryngology. Am J Otolaryngol. 2001;22(1):19-32.

169. Sahin G. Nitric oxide: a promising methodological approach in airway diseases. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011;156(4):352-61.

170. Lundberg JO. Airborne nitric oxide: inflammatory marker and aerocrine messenger in man. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1996;633:1-27.

171. Barnes PJ, Belvisi MG. Nitric oxide and lung disease. Thorax. 1993 Oct;48(10):1034-43.

172. Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ. Exhaled markers of pulmonary disease. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.2001 Jun;163(7):1693-722.

173. Croen KD. Evidence for antiviral effect of nitric oxide. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication. J Clin Invest. 1993 Jun;91(6):2446-52.

174. Mancinelli RL, McKay CP. Effects of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide on bacterial growth. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Jul;46(1):198-202.

175. Guven M, Aladag I, Eyibilen A, Filiz NO, Ozyurt H, Yelken K. Experimentally induced acute sinusitis and efficacy of vitamin A. Acta Otolaryngol. 2007 Aug;127(8):855-60.

176. Carraro S. Exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma and sinusitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007;18(suppl):28-30.

177. Baraldi E, Azzolin NM, Biban P, Zacchello F. Effect of antibiotic therapy on nasal nitric oxide concentration in children with acute sinusitis. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.1997 May;155(5):1680-3.

178. Marriott HM, Ali F, Read RC, Mitchell TJ, Whyte MK, Dockrell DH. Nitric oxide levels regulate macrophage commitment to apoptos i s or necros i s dur ing pneumococcal infection. FASEB J. 2004 Jul;18(10):1126-8.

179. Bertrand C, Geppetti P. Tachykinin and kinin receptor antagonists: therapeutic perspectives in allergic airway disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1996 Jul;17(7):255-9.

180. Van Cauwenberge PB, Vermeiren JS, van Kempen MJ. Viral rhinitis and asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Feb;1(1):21-5.

181. Gabr U, Won YS, Boonlayangoor S, Thompson K, Baroody FM, Naclerio RM. C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice have similar neutrophil response to acute Streptococcus pneumoniae sinus infections. Archives of otolaryngology-- head&necksurgery. 2001 Aug;127(8):985-90.

182. O'Doher ty U, Peng M, Gezelter S, Swiggard WJ, Betjes M, Bhardwaj N, Ta iH. Human blood contains two subsets of dendritic cells, one immunologically mature and the other immature.Immunology. 1994 Jul;82(3):487-93.

183. Hartmann E, Graefe H, Hopert A, Pries R, Rothenfusser S, Poeck H, Ta iH. Analysis of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells in nasal epithelium. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006 Nov;13(11):1278-86.

184. Hamilos DL. Antigen presenting cells. Immunol Res. 1989;8(2):98-117.

185. Chen ZM, Mao JH, Du LZ, Tang YM. Association of cytokine responses with disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Acta Paediatr. 2002;91(9):914-22.

186. Garofalo RP, Hintz KH, Hill V, Ogra PL, Welliver RC, Sr. Production of interferon gamma in respiratory syncytial virus infection of humans is not associated with interleukins 12 and 18. J Med Virol. 2004 Jun;73(2):289-94.

187. Kaiser L, Fritz RS, Straus SE, Gubareva L, Hayden FG. Symptom pathogenesis during acute influenza: interleukin-6 and other cytokine responses. J Med Virol.2001 Jul;64(3):262-8.

188. Oh JW, Lee HB, Park IK, Kang JO. Interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-11, and inter feron-gamma level s i n nasopharyngeal aspirates from wheezing children with respiratory syncytial virus or influenza A virus infection. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2002 Oct;13(5):350-6.

189. Borish L, Rosenwasser LJ. Update on cytokines. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1996 Mar;97(3):719-33; quiz 34.

190. Heinecke L, Proud D, Sanders S, Schleimer RP, Kim J. Induction of B7-H1 and B7-DC expression on airway epithelial cells by the Toll-like receptor 3 agonist doublestranded RNA and human rhinovirus infection: In vivo and in vitro studies. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2008 May;121(5):1155-60.

191. Kim J, Myers AC, Chen L, Pardoll DM, Truong-Tran QA, Lane AP, Ta iH. Constitutive and inducible expression of b7 family of ligands by human airway epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2005 Sep;33(3):280-9.

192. Kurosawa S, Myers AC, Chen L, Wang S, Ni J, Plitt JR, Ta iH. Expression of the costimulatory molecule B7-H2 (inducible costimulator ligand) by human airway epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2003 May;28(5):563-73.

193. Kemp K, Bruunsgaard H, Skinhoj P, Klarlund Pedersen B. Pneumococcal infections in humans are associated with increased apoptosis and trafficking of type 1 cytokine-producing T cells. Infect Immun. 2002 Sep;70(9):5019-25.

194. Malley R, Trzcinski K, Srivastava A, Thompson CM, Anderson PW, Lipsitch M. CD4+ T cells mediate antibodyindependent acquired immunity to pneumococcal colonization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005 Mar 29;102Q3):4848-53.

195. McCool TL, Weiser JN. Limited role of antibody in clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a murine model of colonization. Infect Immun. 2004 Oct;72(10):5807-13.

196. Gern JE, Martin MS, Anklam KA, Shen K, Roberg KA, Carlson-Dakes KT, Ta iH. Relationships among specific viral pathogens, virus-induced interleukin-8, and respiratory symptoms in infancy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol . 2002 Dec;13(6):386-93.

197. Hornsleth A, Loland L, Larsen LB. Cytokines and chemokines in respiratory secretion and severity of disease in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. J Clin Virol. 2001 May;21(2):163-70.

198. Noah TL, Becker S. Chemokines in nasal secretions of normal adults experimentally infected with respiratory syncytial virus. Clin Immunol. 2000 Oct;97(1):43-9.

199. Sheeran P, Jafri H, Carubelli C, Saavedra J, Johnson C, Krisher K, Ta iH. Elevated c y tok ine concent r a t ions in the nasopharyngeal and tracheal secretions of children with respiratory syncytial virus disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999 Feb;18(2):115-22.

200. Bussolino F, Breviario F, Tetta C,Aglietta M, Mantovani A, Dejana E. Interleukin 1 stimulates platelet-activating factor production in cultured human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest. 1986 Jun;77(6):2027-33.

201. Becker S, Koren HS, Henke DC.Interleukin-8 expression in normal nasal epithelium and its modulation by infection with respiratory syncytial virus and cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6. Am JRespir Cell Mol Biol. 1993 Jan;8(1):20-7.

202. Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, Showell HJ, Remick DG, Phan SH, Ward PA, Ta iH. Endothelial cell gene expression of a neutrophil chemotactic factor by TNF-alpha, LPS, and IL-1 beta. Science (New York, NY). 1989 Mar 17;243(4897):1467-9.

203. van Benten I. Reduced nasal IL-10 and enhanced TNFalpha responses during rhinovirus and RSV-induced upper respiratory tract infection in atopic and non-atopic infants. J Med Virol. 2005;75(2):348-57.

204. Gern JE. Rhinovirus respiratory infections and asthma. Am J Med. 2002;112(6a):19S-27S.

205. Gern JE, Vrtis R, Grindle KA, Swenson C, Busse WW. Relationship of upper and lower airway cytokines to outcome of experimental rhinovirus infection. Amer ican journal of respi rator y and cr itical care medicine. 2000 Dec;162(6):2226-31.

206. Linden M, Greiff L, Andersson M, Svensson C, Akerlund A, Bende M, Ta iH. Nasal cytokines in common cold and allergic rhinitis. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1995 Feb;25(2):166-72.

207. Riechelmann H, Deutschle T, Rozsasi A, Keck T, Polzehl D, Burner H. Nasal biomarker profiles in acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2005 Sep;35(9):1186-91.

208. Trinchieri G. Interleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003 Feb;3(2):133-46.

209. Yamamoto N, Kawakami K, Kinjo Y, Miyagi K, Kinjo T, Uezu K, Ta iH. Essential role for the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 in neutrophil-mediated early host defense against pulmonar y infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae: involvement of interferon-gamma. Microbes Infect. 2004 Nov;6(14):1241-9.

210. Happel KI, Zheng M, Young E, Quinton LJ,Lockhart E, Ramsay AJ, Ta iH. Cutting edge: roles of Toll-like receptor 4 and IL-23 in IL-17 expression in response to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. J Immunol. 2003 May 1;170(9):4432-6.

211. Avila PC. Effects of allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa on the severity of rhinovirus 16 cold. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2000;105(5):923-32.

212. Skoner DP, Whiteside TL, Wilson JW, Doyle WJ, Herberman RB, Fireman P. Effect of rhinovirus 39 infection on cellular immune parameters in allergic and nonallergic subjects. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1993 Nov;92(5):732-43.

213. Skoner DP, Doyle WJ, Tanner EP, Kiss J, Fireman P. Effect of rhinovirus 39 (RV-39) infection on immune and inflammatory parameters in allergic and non-allergic subjects. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1995 Jun;25(6):561-7.

214. Alho OP, Karttunen R, Karttunen TJ. Nasal mucosa in natural colds: effects of allergic rhinitis and susceptibility to recurrent sinusitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Aug;137(2):366-72.

215. Alho OP, Karttunen TJ, Karttunen R, Tuokko H, Koskela M, Suramo I, Ta iH. Subjects with allergic rhinitis show signs of more severely impaired paranasal sinus functioning during viral colds than nonallergic subjects. Allergy. 2003 Aug;58(8):767-71.

216. Alho. Nasal airflow, mucociliary clearance, and sinus functioning during viral colds: effects of allergic rhinitis and susceptibility to recurrent sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2004;18(6):349-55.

217. Klemens C, Rasp G, Jund F, Hilgert E, Devens C, Pfrogner E, Ta iH. Mediators and cytokines in allergic and viraltriggered rhinitis. Allergy and asthma proceedings : the official journal of regional and state allergy societies. 2007 Jul-Aug;28(4):434-41.

218. Khoury P. Effect of montelukast on bacterial sinusitis in allergic mice. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006;sep(97(3)):329-35.

219. Perloff JR, Palmer JN. Evidence of bacterial biofilms in a rabbit model of sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2005 Jan-Feb;19(1):1-6.

220. Yu X, Sperling A, Blair C, Thompson K, Naclerio R. Antigen stimulation of TH2 cells augments acute bacterial sinusitis in mice. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2004 Aug;114(2):328-34.

221. Ramadan HH, Meek RB, Dawson GS, Spirou GA, Cuff CF, Berrebi AS. Histologic and immunologic observations of viralinduced rhinosinusitis in the mouse. American journal of rhinology. 2002 Jan-Feb;16(1):61-7.

222. Rudack C, Stoll W, Bachert C. Cytokines in nasal polyposis, acute and chronic sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 1998 Nov-Dec;12(6):383-8.

223. Thomas M, Yawn BP, Price D, Lund V, Mullol J, Fokkens W. EPOS Primary Care Guidelines: European Position Paper on the Primary Care Diagnosis and Management of Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2007 - a summary. Prim Care Respir J. 2008 Jun;17(2):79-89.

224. Steurer J, Held U, Bachmann LM, Holzmann D, Ott P, Miettinen OS. Clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, typical of experts. J Eval Clin Pract. 2009 Aug;15(4):614-9.

225. Ashworth M, Charlton J, Ballard K, Latinovic R, Gulliford M. Variations in antibiotic prescribing and consultation rates for acute respiratory infection in UK general practices 1995-2000. Br J Gen Pract. 2005 Aug;55(517):603-8.

226. Hansen JG. Management of acute rhinosinusitis in Danish general practice: a survey. Clin Epidemiol. 2011;3:213-6.

227. Desrosiers M, Evans GA, Keith PK, Wright ED, Kaplan A, Bouchard J, Ta iH. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy Asthma Clin.Immunol. 2011;7(1):2.

228. Klossek JM, Mesbah K. Presentation and treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis in general practice: a French observational study. Rhinology. 2011 Mar;49(1):84-9.

229. Hoffmans R, Schermer T, van Weel C, Fokkens W. Management of rhinosinusitis in Dutch general practice. Prim Care Respir J. 2011 Mar;20(1):64-70.

230. McQuillan L, Crane LA, Kempe A. Diagnosis and management of acute sinusitis by pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2009 Feb;123(2):e193-8.

231. Piatt JH, Jr. Intracranial suppuration complicating sinusitis among children: an epidemiological and clinical study. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011 Jun;7(6):567-74.

232. Hansen FS, Hoffmans R, Georgalas C, Fokkens WJ. Complications of acute rhinosinusitis in The Netherlands. Fam Pract. 2011 Sep 5.

233. Kristo A, Uhari M. Timing of rhinosinusitis complications in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009 Sep;28(9):769-71.

234. Hicks CW, Weber JG, Reid JR, Moodley M. Identifying and managing intracranial complications of sinusitis in children: a retrospective series. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011 Mar;30(3):222-6.

235. Dykewicz MS. 7. Rhinitis and sinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2003 Feb; 111 (2 Suppl):S520-9.

236. Berg O, Carenfelt C. Analysis of symptoms and clinical signs in the maxillary sinus empyema. Acta Otolaryngol. 1988 Mar-Apr;105(3-4):343-9.

237. Williams JW, Jr., Simel DL, Roberts L, Samsa GP. Clinical evaluation for sinusitis. Making the diagnosis by history and physical examination. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Nov 1;117(9):705- 10.

238. Spector S. Parameters for the diagnosis and management of sinusitis The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1998;dec(102):107-44.

239. Damm M, Quante G, Jungehuelsing M, Stennert E. Impact of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on symptoms and quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2002 Feb;112(2):310-5.

240. Benninge r MS, S enior BA. The development of the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index. Archives of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery. 1997 Nov;123(11):1175-9.

241. Metson RB, Gliklich RE. Clinical outcomes in patients with chronic sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2000 Mar;110(3 Pt 3):24-8.

242. Lacroix JS, Ricchetti A, Lew D, Delhumeau C, Morabia A, Stalder H, Ta iH. Symptoms and clinical and radiological signs predicting the presence of pathogenic bacteria in acute rhinosinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol. 2002 Mar;122(2):192-6.

243. Amoore JE, Ollman BG. Practical test kits for quantitatively evaluating the sense of smell. Rhinology. 1983 Mar;21(1):49-54.

244. Cain WS. Testing olfaction in a clinical setting. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 1989 Apr;68(4):316, 22-8.

245. Cardesin A, Alobid I, Benitez P, Sierra E, de Haro J, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Ta iH. Barcelona Smell Test - 24 (BAST-24): validation and smell characteristics in the healthy Spanish population. Rhinology. 2006 Mar;44(1):83-9.

246. Hansen JG, Hojbjerg T, Rosborg J. Symptoms and signs in culture-proven acute maxillary sinusitis in a general practice population. Apmis. 2009 Oct;117(10):724-9.

247. Lindbaek M, Hjortdahl P, Johnsen UL. Use of symptoms, signs, and blood tests to diagnose acute sinus infections in primary care: comparison with computed tomography. Fam Med. 1996 Mar;28(3):183-8.

248. Benninger MS, Payne SC, Ferguson BJ, Hadley JA, Ahmad N. Endoscopically directed middle meatal cultures versus maxillary sinus taps in acute bacterial maxillary rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2006 Jan;134(1):3-9.

249. Cals JW, Schot MJ, de Jong SA, Dinant GJ, Hops taken RM. Point-of - care C-reactive protein testing and antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Fam Med. 2010 Mar-Apr;8(2):124-33.

250. Hirshoren N, Hirschenbein A, Eliashar R. Risk stratification of severe acute rhinosinusitis unresponsive to oral antibiotics. Acta Otolaryngol. 2010 Sep;130(9):1065-9.

251. Hansen JG, Lund E. The association between paranasal computer ized tomography scans and symptoms and signs in a general practice population with acute maxillary sinusitis. Apmis. 2011 Jan;119(1):44-8.

252. Hansen JG, Schmidt H, Rosborg J, Lund E. Predicting acute maxillary sinusitis in a general practice population. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 1995 Jul 22;311(6999):233-6.

253. Aabenhus R, Jensen JU. Procalcitoninguided antibiotic treatment of respiratory tract infections in a primary care setting:are we there yet? Prim Care Respir J. 2011 Dec;20(4):360-7.

254. Korczowski B, Malek U, Kowalczyk JR, Rybak A, Zinkiewicz A, Chmielewska A. [Two diagnostic assays for serum procalcitonin measurement in clinical practice]. Przegl Lek. 2003;60(5):345-8.

255. Gruffydd-Jones K, Ward S, Stonham C, Macfarlane TV, Thomas M. The use of exhaled nitric oxide monitoring in primary care asthma clinics: a pilot study. Prim Care Respir J. 2007 Dec;16(6):349-56.

256. Doty RL, Shaman P, Dann M. Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiol Behav. 1984 Mar;32(3):489-502.

257. Lanz MJ, Prendes S, Peyrou N, Toledo G, Ferrer CM. Nasal nitric oxide as a noninvasive marker in the antibiotic treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2008 Feb;121(2):530-1.

258. Gwaltney. Rhinovirus infection of the normal human airway. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 1995;152(s36):9.

259. Brozek JL, Bousquet J, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bonini S, Canonica GW, Casale TB, Ta iH. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2010 revision. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Sep;126(3):466-76.

260. Kasapoglu F, Coskun H, Ozmen OA, Akalin H, Ener B. Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis: evaluation of 26 patients treated with endonasal or open surgical procedures. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 Nov;143(5):614-20.

261. Suslu AE, Ogretmenoglu O, Suslu N, Yucel OT, Onerci TM. Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis: our experience with 19 patients. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2009 Jan;266(1):77-82.

262. Marshall AH, Jones NS, Robertson IJ. CSF rhinorrhoea: the place of endoscopic sinus surgery. Br J Neurosurg. 2001 Feb;15(1):8-12.

263. Klossek JM, Dubreuil L, Richet H, Richet B, Sedallian A, Beutter P. Bacteriology of the adult middle meatus. J Laryngol Otol. 1996 Sep;110(9):847-9.

264. Gold SM, Tami TA. Role of middle meatus aspiration culture in the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 1997 Dec;107(12 Pt 1):1586-9.

265. Vogan JC, Bolger WE, Keyes AS. Endoscopically guided sinonasal cultures: a direct comparison with maxillary sinus aspirate cultures. Otolaryngology—head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery. 2000 Mar;122(3):370-3.

266. Casiano RR, Cohn S, Villasuso E, 3rd, Brown M, Memari F, Barquist E, Ta iH. Comparison of antral tap with endoscopically directed nasal culture. The Laryngoscope. 2001 Aug;111(8):1333-7.

267. Joniau S, Vlaminck S, Van Landuyt H, Kuhweide R, Dick C. Microbiology of sinus puncture versus middle meatal aspiration in acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2005;19(2):135-40.

268. Berger G, Berger RL. The contribution of flexible endoscopy for diagnosis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2011 Feb;268(2):235-40.

269. Marseglia GL, Castellazzi AM, Licari A, Marseglia A, Leone M, Pagella F, Ta iH. Inflammation of paranasal sinuses: the clinical pattern is age-dependent. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007 Nov;18 Suppl 18:10-2.

270. Marseglia GL, Pagella F, Klersy C, Barberi S, Licari A, Ciprandi G. The 10-day mark is a good way to diagnose not only acute rhinosinusitis but also adenoiditis, as confirmed by endoscopy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Apr;71(4):581-3.

271. Talbot GH, Kennedy DW, Scheld WM, Granito K. Rigid nasal endoscopy versus sinus puncture and aspiration for microbiologic documentation of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2001 Nov 15;33(10):1668-75.

272. Kazkayasi M, Karadeniz Y, Arikan OK. Anatomic variations of the sphenoid sinus on computed tomography. Rhinology.2005;43(2):109-14.

273. Erdem G, Erdem T, Miman MC, Ozturan O. A radiological anatomic study of the cribriform plate compared with constant structures. Rhinology. 2004 Dec;42(4):225-9.

274. Arikan OK, Unal B, Kazkayasi M, Koc C.The analysis of anterior skull base from two different perspectives: coronal and reconstructed sagittal computed tomography. Rhinology. 2005 Jun;43(2):115-20.

275. Badia L, Lund VJ, Wei W, Ho WK. Ethnic variation in sinonasal anatomy on CT-scanning. Rhinology. 2005 Sep;43(3):210-4.

276. Baumann I, Blumenstock G. Impact of gender on general health-related quality of life in patients with chronic sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2005;19(3):282-7.

277. Lloyd GA. CT of the paranasal sinuses: study of a control series in relation to endoscopic sinus surgery. J Laryngol Otol. 1990 Jun;104(6):477-81.

278. Wittkopf ML, Beddow PA, Russell PT, Duncavage JA, Becker SS. Revisiting the interpretation of positive sinus CT findings: a radiological and symptombased review. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2009 Mar;140(3):306-11.

279. Triulzi F, Zirpoli S. Imaging techniques in the diagnosis and management of rhinosinusitis in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007 Nov;18 Suppl 18:46-9.

280. Jonas I, Mann W. [Misleading x-ray diagnosis due to maxillar y sinus asymmetries (author's transl)]. Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg). 1976 Nov;55(11):905-13.

281. McAlister WH, Lusk R, Muntz HR. Comparison of plain radiographs and coronal CT scans in infants and children with recurrent sinusitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989 Dec;153(6):1259-64.

282. Iinuma T, Hirota Y, Kase Y. Radio-opacity of the paranasal sinuses. Conventional views and CT. Rhinology. 1994 Sep;32(3):134-6.

283. Landman MD. Ultrasound screening for sinus disease. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1986 Feb;94(2):157-64.

284. Otten FW, Grote JJ. The diagnostic value of transillumination for maxillary sinusitis in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1989 Sep;18(1):9-11.

285. Varonen H, Savolainen S, Kunnamo I, Heikkinen R, Revonta M. Acute rhinosinusitis in primar y care: a compar i son of symptoms, signs, ultrasound, and radiography. Rhinology. 2003 Mar;41(1):37-43.

286. Vento SI, Er tama LO, Hytonen ML,Malmberg CH. A-mode ultrasound in the diagnosis of chronic polypous sinusitis.Acta Otolaryngol. 1999;119(8):916-20.

287. Laine K, Maatta T, Varonen H, Makela M. Diagnosing acute maxillary sinusitis in primary care: a comparison of ultrasound, clinical examination and radiography. Rhinology. 1998 Mar;36(1):2-6.

288. Padua FG, Bezerra TF, Voegels RL, Bento RF. The efficacy of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the evolution of fever of unknown origin in ICU patients. Acta Otolaryngol. 2011 Feb;131(2):166-72.

289. Jardim Vieira FM, Nunes da Silva R, Stefanini R, Filho LB, de Paula Santos R, Stamm A, Ta iH. Safety of sphenoid aspiration for diagnosis and treatment of intensive care unit rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2010 Sep-Oct;24(5):389-91.

290. Chakrabarti A, Denning DW, Ferguson BJ, Ponikau J, Buzina W, Kita H, Ta iH. Fungal rhinosinusitis: a categorization and definitional schema addressing current controversies. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Sep;119(9):1809-18.

291. Poetker DM, Litvack JR, Mace JC, Smith TL. Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis: presentation and outcomes of sinus surgery. American journal of rhinology. 2008 May-Jun;22(3):329-33.

292. Costa Carvalho BT, Nagao AT, Arslanian C, Carneiro Sampaio MMS, Naspitz CK, Sorensen RU, Ta iH. Immunological evaluation of allergic respiratory children with recurrent sinusitis. Pediatric Allergy & Immunology. 2005;16(6):534-8.

293. Hickner JM, Bartlett JG, Besser RE, Gonzales R, Hoffman JR, MA S. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute rhinosinusitis in adults: background. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134(6):498-505.

294. van Buchem FL, Knot tnerus JA, Schrijnemaekers VJ, PM. Primarycare -based randomi sed placebocontrolled trial of antibiotic treatment in acute maxillary sinusitis. Lancet. 1997;349(9053):683-7.

295. Young J, De Sutter A, Merenstein D, van Essen GA, Kaiser L, Varonen H, Ta iH. Antibiotics for adults with clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis: a metaanalysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 2008;371(9616):908-14.

296. Anon JB, Jacobs MR, Poole MD, Ambrose PG, Benninger MS, Hadley JA, Ta iH. Antimicrobial treatment guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2004 130(1 Suppl):1-45.

297. Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Borisenko OV, Kovanen N, Varonen H, Rautakorpi UM, Williams JW Jr, Ta iH. Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2008;16(2):CD000243.

298. Falagas ME, Karageorgopoulos DE, Grammat i kos AP, Mat thaiou DK . Effectiveness and safety of short vs. long duration of antibiotic therapy for acute bacterial sinusitis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Feb;67(2):161-71.

299. Williams JW Jr, Aguilar C, Cornell J, Chiquette ED, Makela M, Holleman DR, Ta iH. Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2003(2):CD000243.

300. Cars O, Molstad S, Melander A. Variation in antibiotic use in the European Union. Lancet. 2001;357(9271):1851-3.

301. Wise R, Har t T, Cars O, Streulens M, Helmuth R, Huovinen P, Ta iH. Antimicrobial resistance. Is a major threat to public health. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 1998;317(7159):609-10.

302. Felmingham D, Reinert RR, Hirakata Y, Rodloff A. Increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among isolates of Streptococcus pneumonia from the PROTEKT surveillance study, and compatative in vitro activity of the ketolide, telithromycin. The Journal of ant imi c robi a l chemother apy. 2002;50(Suppl S1):25-37.

303. Goossens H, Ferech M, Vander Stichele R, Elseviers M. Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study. Lancet. 2005;365(9459):579-87.

304. Nayak AS. Effective dose range of mometasone furoate nasal spray in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology: official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2002;89(3):271-8.

305. Dolor R, Witsell DL, Hellkamp AS, Simel DL. Treatment of rhinosinusitis with or without intranasal steroids. 105th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNS), Denver, Colorado, 9-12 September, 2001 Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.2001;125(2):P102.

306. Meltzer EO, Charous BL, Busse WW, Zinreich SJ, Lorber RR, Danzig MR. Added relief in the treatment of acute recurrent sinusitis with adjunctive mometasone furoate nasal spray. The Nasonex Sinusitis Group. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2000 Oct;106(4):630-7.

307. Barlan IB, Erkan E, Bakir M, Berrak S, Basaran MM. Intranasal budesonide spray as an adjunct to oral antibiotic therapy for acute sinusitis in children. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 1997 Jun;78(6):598-601.

308. Meltzer E. Intranasal flunisolide spray as an adjunct to oral antibiotic therapy for sinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2005;30(2):103-12.

309. Qvarnberg Y, Kantola O, Salo J, Toivanen M, Valtonen H, Vuori E. Influence of topical steroid treatment on maxillary sinusitis. Rhinology. 1992 Jun;30(2):103-12.

310. Meltzer EO, Bachert C, Staudinger H. Treating acute rhinosinusitis: comparing efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate nasal spray, amoxicillin, and placebo. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2005 Dec;116(6):1289-95.

311. Bacher t C, Meltzer EO. Effect of mometasone furoate nasal spray on quality of life of patients with acute rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2007 Sep;45(3):190-6.

312. Williamson IG, Rumsby K, Benge S, Moore M, Smith PW, Cross M, Ta IH. Antibiotics and topical nasal steroid for treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis: a randomized controlled tr ial. JAMA. 2007 Dec 5;298(21):2487-96.

313. Zalmanovici A, Yaphe J. Intranasal steroids for acute sinusitis. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2009(4):CD005149.

314. Venekamp RP, Thompson MJ, Hayward G, Heneghan CJ, Del Mar CB, Perera R, Ta IH. Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2011;12:CD008115.

315. Gehanno P, Beauvillain C, Bobin S, Chobaut JC, Desaulty A, Dubreuil C, Ta IH. Short therapy with amoxicillin-clavulanate and corticosteroids in acute sinusitis: results of a multicentre study in adults. Scand J Infect Dis. 2000;32(6):679-84.

316. Klos sek JM, Desmont s -Gohler C, Deslandes B, Coriat F, Bordure P, Dubreuil C, Ta IH. Treatment of functional signs of acute maxillary rhinosinusitis in adults: Efficacy and tolerance of administration of oral prednisone for 3 days. [French]. Presse Medicale. 2004;33(5):303-9.

317. Puhakka T, Makela MJ, Malmstrom K, Uhari M, Savolainen J, Terho EO, Ta IH. The common cold: effects of intranasal fluticasone propionate treatment. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1998 Jun;101(6 Pt 1):726-31.

318. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N, Ta IH. Allergic rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2001;108(5 Suppl):S147-334.

319. Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A ea. Allergic rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 Update. Allergy 2008;63(Suppl 86):1-160.

320. Stringer SP, Mancuso AA, Avino AJ. Effect of a topical vasoconstrictor on computed tomography of paranasal sinus disease. The Laryngoscope. 1993;103(1 Pt 1):6-9.

321. Benammar-Englmaier M, Hallermeier JK, Englmaier B. Alphamimetic effects on nasal mucosa in magnetic resonance tomography. Digi tale Bi lddiagn. 1990;10(2):46-50.

322. Westerveld GJ, Voss HP, van der Hee RM, de Haan-Koelewijn GJ, den Hartog GJ, Scheeren RA, Ta IH. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by nasal decongestants. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 2000;16(3):437-44.

323. Wes ter veld GJ, Scheeren RA, Dekker I, Griffioen DH, Voss HP, Bast A. Anti-oxidant actions of oxymethazoline and xylomethazoline. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995;291(1):27-31.

324. Inanli S, Ozturk O, Korkmaz M, Tutkun A, Batman C. The effects of topical agents of fluticasone propionate, oxymetazoline, and 3% and 0.9% sodium chloride solutions on mucociliary clearance in the therapy of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in vivo. The Laryngoscope. 2002;112(2)):320-5.

325. Wiklund L, Stierna P, Berglund R, Westrin KM, Tonnesson M. The efficacy of oxymetazoline administered with a nasal bellows container and combined with oral phenoxymethyl-penicillin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1994;515:57-64.

326. McCormick DP, John SD, Swischuk LE, Uchida T. A doubleblind, placebocontrolled tr ial of decongestantantihistamine for the treatment of sinusitis in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1996;35(9):457-60.

327. Pneumat i kos I, Kons tantonis D, Dragoumanis C, Danielides V, Bouros D. Preventing nosocomial sinusitis in the ICU: Reply to van Zanten Ta iH. [12]. Intensive Care Medicine. [Letter]. 2006;32(9):1452-3.

328. Shaikh N, Wald ER, Pi M. Decongestants, antihistamines and nasal irrigation for acute sinusitis in children. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2010(12):CD007909.

329. Talbot AR, Her r TM, Parsons DS. Mucociliary clearance and buffered hyper toni c sal ine solut ion. The Laryngoscope. 1997;107(4):500-3.

330. Adam P, Stiffman M, Blake RL J. A clinical trial of hypertonic saline nasal spray in subjects with the common cold or rhinosinusitis. Arch Fam Med. 1998;7(1):39-43.

331. Axelsson A, Grebelius N, Jensen C, Melin O, Singer F. Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. IV.Ampicillin, cephradine and erythromycinestolate with and without irrigation. Acta Otolaryngol. 1975;79(5-6):466-72.

332. Kassel JC, King D, Spurling GK. Saline nasal irrigat ion for acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2010;17(3):CD006821.

333. Hildenbrand T, Weber R, Heubach C, Mosges R. Nasal douching in acute rhinosinusitis (Ar ticle in German). Laryngorhinootologie. 2011;90(6):346-51.

334. Tarantino V, Stura M MG, Leproux GB, Cremonesi G. Advantages of treatment wi th bromhexine in acute s inus inflammation in children. Randomized double-blind study versus placebo.Minerva Pediatr. 1988;40(11):649-52/

335. Unuvar E, Tamay Z, Yildiz I, Toprak S, Kilic A, Aydin S, Ta iH. Effectiveness of erdosteine,a second generation mucolytic agent,in children with acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized, placebo controlled, doubleblinded clinical study. Acta Paediatr. 2010 Apr;99(4):585-9.

336. Timmer A, Gunther J, Rucker G, Motschall E, Antes G, Kern WV. Pelargonium sidoides extract for acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane database of s y s tema t i c rev iews (Onl ine).2008(3):CD006323.

337. Bachert C, Schapowal A, Funk P, Kieser M. Treatment of acute rhinosinusitis with the preparation from Pelargonium sidoides EPs 7630: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Rhinology. 2009 Mar;47(1):51-8.

338. Lizogub VG, Riley DS, Heger M. Efficacy of a pelargonium sidoides preparation in patients with the common cold: a randomized, double blind, placebocontrolled clinical trial. Explore (NY). 2007 Nov-Dec;3(6):573-84.

339. Federspil P, Wulkow R, Zimmermann T. [Effects of standardized Myrtol in therapy of acute sinusitis--results of a double-blind, randomized multicentre s tudy compared wi th placebo] . Laryngorhinootologie. 1997 Jan;76(1):23-7.

340. Stuck BA, Bacher t C, Federspil P,Hosemann W, Klimek L, Mosges R, Ta iH. Rhinosinusitis guidelines of the German Society for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. HNO. 2007 55(10):758-60.

341. Benninger MS, Manz R. The impact of vaccination on rhinosinusitis and otitis media. Current allergy and asthma reports. 2010 Nov;10(6):411-8.

342. Rychkova OA, Kazakevich NV, Sennikova NP, Semeniuk EN. [Assessment of effectiveness of immunization against Hib-infection]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2010 May- Jun(3):48-52.

343. Bachert C, Chuchalin AG, Eisebitt R, Netayzhenko VZ, Voelker M. Aspirin compared with acetaminophen in the treatment of fever and other symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in adults: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebocontrolled, parallel-group, single-dose, 6-hour dose-ranging study. Clin Ther. 2005 Jul;27(7):993-1003.

344. Sederberg-Olsen JF, Sederberg-Olsen AE.Intranasal sodium cromoglycate in postcatarrhal hyperreactive rhinosinusitis: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Rhinology. 1989 Dec;27(4):251-5.

345. Falagas ME, Giannopoulou KP, Vardakas KZ, Dimopoulos G, Karageorgopoulos DE. Comparison of antibiotics with placebo for treatment of acute sinusitis: a metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008 Sep;8(9):543-52.

346. Burton MJ, Kuppersmith RB, RM R. Extracts from The Cochrane Library: Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis. Otolaryngology-- head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery. 2008; 139(4):486-9.

347. Rosenfeld RM, Singer M, Jones S. Systematic review of antimicrobial therapy in pat ient s wi th acut erhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology—head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2007 Sep;137(3 Suppl): S32-45.

348. Arroll B. Antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections: an overview of Cochrane reviews. Respiratory medicine. 2005 Mar; 99(3): 255-61.

349. Stalman W, van Essen GA, van der Graaf Y, de Melker RA. The end of antibiotic treatment in adults with acute sinusitislike complaints in general practice? A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized doxycycline trial. Br J Gen Pract. 1997 Dec;47(425):794-9.

350. Hadley JA, Mosges R, Desrosiers M, Haverstock D, van Veenhuyzen D, Herman-Gnjidic Z. Moxifloxacin five-day therapy versus placebo in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2010 May;120(5):1057-62.

351. Wald ER, Nash D, Eickhoff J. Effectiveness of amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in children. Pediatrics. 2009 Jul;124(1):9-15.

352. Kristo A, Uhari M, Luotonen J, Ilkko E, Koivunen P, Alho OP. Cefuroxime axetil versus placebo for children with acute respiratory infection and imaging evidence of sinusitis: a randomized, controlled trial. Acta Paediatr. 2005 Sep;94(9):1208-13.

353. Bucher HC, Tschudi P, Young J, Periat P, Welge-Lussen A, Zust H, та ін. Effect of amoxicillin-clavulanate in clinically diagnosed acute, rhinosinusitis: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial in general practice. Ar chi ve s of I nte rna l Medi c ine. 2003; 163(15): 1793-8.

354. Varonen H, Kunnamo I, Savolainen S, Makela M, Revonta M, Ruotsalainen J, та ін. Treatment of acute rhinosinusitis diagnosed by clinical criteria or ultrasound in primary care. A placebocontrolled randomised trial. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2003 Jun; 21(2): 121-6.

355. Hansen JG, Schmidt H, Grinsted P. [Penicillin treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis in adults. A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial from general practice]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2000 Oct 2; 162(40): 5351-3.

356. Lindbaek M, Hjortdahl P, Johnsen UL. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of penicillin V and amoxycillin in treatment of acute sinus infections in adults. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 1996 Aug 10; 313(7053): 325-9.

357. Wald ER, Chiponis D, Ledesma-Medina J. Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium in acute paranasal sinus infections in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics. 1986 Jun;77(6):795-800.

358. Marple BF, Roberts CS, de Caprariis PJ, Reisman A. Onset of symptom resolution in adults with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis treated with a single dose of azithromycin extended release compared with 10 days of levofloxacin: a retrospective analysis of a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial. Clin Ther. 2007 Dec; 29(12): 2690-8.

359. Upchurch J, Rosemore M, Tosiello R, Kowalsky S, Echols R. Randomized double-blind study comparing 7-and 10-day regimens of faropenem medoxomil with a 10-day cefuroxime axetil regimen for treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. Otolaryngology - head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2006 Oct;135(4):511-7.

360. Tellier G, Brunton SA, Nus rat R. Telithromycin for the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: a review of a new antibacterial agent. South Med J. 2005 Sep; 98(9): 863-8.

361. Murray JJ, Emparanza P, Lesinskas E, Tawadrous M, Breen JD. Efficacy and safety of a novel, single-dose azithromycin microsphere formulation versus 10 days of levofloxacin for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in adults. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2005 Aug; 133(2):194-200.

362. Henry DC, Kapral D, Busman TA, Paris MM. Cefdinir versus levofloxacin in patients with acute rhinosinusitis of presumed bacter ial etiology: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study. Clin Ther.2004 Dec; 26(12): 2026-33.

363. Gehanno P, Berche P, Hercot O, D'Arras L, Cabrillac-Rives S, Derobert E, Ta iH. Efficiency of a four-day course of pristinamycin compared to a five-day course of cefuroxime axetil for acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adult outpatients. [French]. Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses. 2004; 34(7): 293-302.

364. Ferguson BJ, Guzzetta RV, Spector SL, Hadley JA. Efficacy and safety of oral telithromycin once daily for 5 days versus moxifloxacin once daily for 10 days in the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology - head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2004 Sep; 131(3): 207-14.

365. Buchanan PP, Stephens TA, Leroy B. A comparison of the efficacy of telithromycin versus cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2003 Nov-Dec; 17(6): 369-77.

366. Luterman M, Tellier G, Lasko B, Leroy B. Efficacy and tolerability of telithromycin for 5 or 10 days vs amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 10 days in acute maxillary sinusitis. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2003 Aug;82(8):576-80, 82-4, 86 passim.

367. Henry DC, Riffer E, Sokol WN, Chaudry NI, Swanson RN. Randomized double-blind study comparing 3- and 6-day regimens of azithromycin with a 10-day amoxicillinclavulanate regimen for treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Sep; 47(9): 2770-4.

368. Siegert R, Berg O, Gehanno P, Leiberman A, Martinkenas JL, Nikolaidis P, Ta iH. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of faropenem daloxate and cefuroxime axetil for the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults. European archives of oto-rhino- laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2003 Apr; 260(4): 186-94.

369. Klossek JM, Siegert R, Nikolaidis P, Arvis P, Leberre MA. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin for the treatment of acute, bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults. J Laryngol Otol. 2003 Jan; 117(1): 43-51.

370. Siegert R, Gehanno P, Nikolaidis P, Bagger-Sjoback D, Ibanez JM, Hampel B, Ta iH. A comparison of the safety and efficacy of moxifloxacin (BAY 12-8039) and cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in adults. The Sinusitis Study Group. Respiratory medicine. 2000 Apr; 94(4): 337-44.

371. Burke T, Villanueva C, Mariano H, Jr., Huck W, Orchard D, Haverstock D, Ta iH. Comparison of moxifloxacin and cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. Sinusitis Infection Study Group. Clin Ther. 1999 Oct; 21(10): 1664-77.

372. Lasko B, Lau CY, Saint-Pierre C, Reddington JL, Martel A, Anstey RJ. Efficacy and safety of oral levofloxacin compared with clarithromycin in the treatment of acute sinusitis in adults: a multicentre, doubleblind, randomized study. The Canadian Sinusitis Study Group. J Int Med Res. 1998 Dec; 26(6): 281-91.

373. Henry DC, Sydnor A, Jr., Settipane GA, Allen J, Burroughs S, Cobb MM, Ta iH. Comparison of cefuroxime axetil and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. Clin Ther. 1999 Jul;21(7):1158-70.

374. Clifford K, Huck W, Shan M, Tosiello R, Echols RM, Heyd A. Double-blind comparative trial of ciprofloxacin versus clarithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. Sinusitis Infection Study Group. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 1999 Apr;108(4):360-7.

375. Henry DC. Comparison of sparfloxacin and clarithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis. Sparfloxacin Multicenter AMS Study Group. Clin Ther 1999; 21(2): 340-52.

376. Hayle R, Lingaas E, Hoivik HO, Odegard T. Efficacy and safety of azithromycin versus phenoxymethylpenicillin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996 Nov; 15(11): 849-53.

377. Gehanno P, Berche P. Sparfloxacin versus cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of acute purulent sinusitis. Sinusitis Study Group. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 1996 May; 37 Suppl A:105-14.

378. von Sydow C, Savolainen S, Soderqvist A. Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis-comparing cefpodoxime proxetil with amoxicillin. Scand J Infect Dis. 1995; 27(3): 229-34.

379. Kohler W, Schenk P. [Cephalosporin treatment of maxillar y sinusitis]. Laryngorhinootologie. 1995 Jun;74(6):355-60.

380. Loracarbef versus doxycycline in the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis. Scandinavian Study Group. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 1993 Jun; 31(6): 949-61.

381. Husfeldt P, Egede F, Nielsen PB. Antibiotic treatment of sinusitis in general practice. A double-blind study comparing ofloxacin and erythromycin. European archives of oto-rhino- laryngology: official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1993; 250 Suppl 1: S23-5.

382. Scheld WM, Sydnor A, Jr., Farr B, Gratz JC, Gwaltney JM, Jr. Comparison of cyclacillin and amoxicillin for therapy for acute maxillary sinusitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Sep;30(3):350-3.

383. Poole M, Anon J, Paglia M, Xiang J, Khashab M, Kahn J. A trial of highdose, short-course levofloxacin for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2006 Jan; 134(1): 10-7.

384. Gehanno P, Loncle-Provot V, Le Kerneau J. Efficacy of cefotiam hexetil in acute maxillary sinusitis, with a short five day vs ten day treatment. [French]. Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses. 2004;34(10):455-9.

385. Ferguson BJ, Anon J, Poole MD, Hendrick K, Gilson M, Seltzer EG. Short treatment durations for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis:Five days of gemifloxacin versus 7 days of gemifloxacin. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 Jul;127(1):1-6.

386. Roos K, Brunswig-Pitschner C, Kostrica R, Pietola M, Leroy B, Rangaraju M, Ta iH. Efficacy and tolerability of oncedaily therapy with telithromycin for 5 or 10 days for the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. Chemotherapy. 2002 May;48(2):100-8.

387. Murray JJ, Solomon E, McCluskey D, Zhang J, Palmer R, Notario G. Phase III, randomized, double-blind study of clarithromycin extended-release and immediate-release formulations in the treatment of adult patients with acute maxillary sinusitis. Clin Ther. 2000 Dec;22(12):1421-32.

388. Seggev JS, Enrique RR, Brandon ML, Larsen LS, Van Tuyl RA, Rowinsk i CA. A combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate every 12 hours vs every 8 hours for treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1998.Aug;124(8):921-5.

389. Zeckel ML, Johns D, Jr., Masica DN, Farlow D. Twice-daily dosing of loracarbef 200 mg versus 400 mg in the treatment of patients with acute maxillary sinusitis. Clin Ther. 1995 Mar-Apr;17(2):214-30.

390. Sorri M, Peltomaki E, Jokinen K. Bacampicillin in acute maxillary sinusitis: concentration in sinus secretion and clinical effect. A randomized, double-blind study of two dosage regimens. Scand J Infect Dis. 1981;13(4):277-80.

391. Ratau NP, Snyman JR, Swanepoel C. Shortcourse, low-dose oral betamethasone as an adjunct in the treatment of acute infective sinusitis: A comparative study with placebo. Clinical Drug Investigation. 2004;24(10):577-82.

392. Pfaar O, Mullol J, Anders C, Hormann K, Klimek L. Cyclamen europaeum nasal spray, a novel phytotherapeutic product for the management of acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rhinology. 2012 Mar;50(1):37-44.

393. Tesche S, Metternich F, Sonnemann U, Engelke JC, Dethlefsen U. The value of herbal medicines in the treatment of acute non-purulent rhinosinusitis. Results of a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2008 Nov;265(11):1355-9.

394. Zabolotnyi DI, Kneis KC, Richardson A, Rettenberger R, Heger M, Kaszkin-Bettag M, та ін. Efficacy of a complex homeopathic medication (Sinfrontal) in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis: a prospective, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, multicentre clinical trial. Explore (NY). 2007 Mar-Apr;3(2):98-109.

395. Friese KH, Zabalotnyi DI. [Homeopathy in acute rhinosinusitis: a doubleblind, placebo controlled study shows the efficiency and tolerability of a homeopathic combination remedy]. HNO.2007 Apr;55(4):271-7.

396. Kehrl W, Sonnemann U, Dethlefsen U. Therapy for acute nonpurulent rhinosinusitis with cineole: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trial. The Laryngoscope. 2004 Apr;114(4):738-42.

397. Gabrielian ES, Shukarian AK, Goukasova GI, Chandanian GL, Panossian AG, Wikman G, та ін. A double blind, placebocontrolled study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections including sinusitis. Phytomedicine. 2002 Oct;9(7):589-97.

398. Mirza S, Lobo CJ, Counter P, Farrington WT. Lacrimal gland abscess: an unusual complication of rhinosinusitis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2001 Nov- Dec;63(6):379-81.

399. Patel N, Khal i l HM, Ami r feyz R, Kaddour HS. Lacrimal gland abscess complicating acute sinusitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003 Aug;67(8):917-9.

400. Kuo WT, Lee TJ, Chen YL, Huang CC. Nasal septal perforation caused by invasive fungal sinusitis. Chang Gung Med J. 2002 Nov;25(11):769-73.

401. Gouws P. Visual-field loss caused by sinusitis: a case report. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2003 Jan;82(1):42-5.

402. Gungor A, Adusumilli V, Corey JP.Fungal sinusitis: progression of disease in immunosuppression--a case report. Ear,nose, & throat journal. 1998 Mar; 77(3): 207-10, 15.

403. Chandler JR, Langenbrunner DJ, Stevens ER. The pathogenesis of orbital complications in acute sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 1970 Sep;80(9):1414-28.

404. Giannoni CM, Stewart MG, Alford EL. Intracranial complications of sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 1997 Jul;107(7):863-7.

405. Maniglia AJ, Goodwin WJ, Arnold JE, Ganz E. Intracranial abscesses secondary to nasal, sinus, and orbital infections in adults and children. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1989 Dec;115(12):1424-9.

406. Botting AM, McIntosh D, Mahadevan M. Paediatric pre- and post-septal periorbital infections are different diseases. A retrospective review of 262 cases. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Mar;72(3):377-83.

407. Oxford LE, McClay J. Complications of acute sinusitis in children. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. 2005;133(1):32-7.

408. Younis RT, Lazar RH, Anand VK. Intracranial complications of sinusitis: a 15-year review of 39 cases. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2002 Sep;81(9):636-8, 40-2, 44.

409. Ogunleye AO, Nwaorgu OG, Lasisi AO. Complications of sinusitis in Ibadan, Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2001 Apr-Jun;20(2):98-101.

410. Eufinger H, Machtens E. Purulent pansinusitis, orbital cellulitis and rhinogenic intracranial complications. JCraniomaxillofac Surg. 2001 Apr;29(2):111-7.

411. Mortimore S, Wormald PJ. The Groote Schuur hospital classification of the orbital complications of sinusitis. J Laryngol Otol.1997 Aug;111(8):719-23.

412. Bayonne E, Kania R, Tran P, Huy B, Herman P. Intracranial complications of rhinosinusitis. A review, typical imaging data and algorithm of management. Rhinology. 2009 Mar;47(1):59-65.

413. Clayman GL, Adams GL, Paugh DR, Koopmann CF, Jr. Intracranial complications of paranasal sinusitis: a combined institutional review. The Laryngoscope. 1991 Mar;101(3):234-9/

414. Stoll D, Klossek JM, Barbaza MO. [Prospect ive s tudy of 43 severe complications of acute rhinosinusitis]. Rev Lar yngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 2006;127(4):195-201.

415. Huang SF, Lee TJ, Lee YS, Chen CC, Chin SC, Wang NC. Acute rhinosinusitis-related orbital infection in pediatric patients: a retrospective analysis. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2011 Mar;120(3):185-90.

416. Rumelt S, Rubin PA. Potential sources for orbital cellulitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1996 Summer;36(3):207-21.

417. Mekhitarian Neto L, Pignatari S, Mitsuda S, Fava AS, Stamm A. Acute sinusitis in children: a retrospective study of orbital complications. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology. 2007 Jan-Feb;73(1):75-9.

418. Eustis HS, Mafee MF, Walton C, Mondonca J. MR imaging and CT of orbital infections and complications in acute rhinosinusitis. Radiol Clin North Am. 1998 Nov; 36(6): 1165-83, xi.

419. Gordts F, Herzeel R. Orbital involvement in sinus pathology: often without ocular pain. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2002(285):9-14.

420. Velasco e Cruz AA, Demarco RC, Valera FC, dos Santos AC, Anselmo-Lima WT, Marquezini RM. Orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis: a new classification. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology.2007 Sep-Oct;73(5):684-8.

421. Voegels RL, Pinna Fde R. Sinusitis orbitary complications classification: simple and practical answers. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology. 2007 Sep-Oct;73(5):578.

422. Sobol SE, Marchand J, Tewfik TL, Manoukian JJ, Schloss MD. Orbital complications of sinusitis in children. J Otolaryngol. 2002 Jun;31(3):131-6.

423. Wald ER. Sinusitis in children. The New England journal of medicine. 1992 Jan 30;326(5):319-23.

424. Osborn MK, Steinberg JP. Subdural empyema and other suppurative complications of paranasal sinusitis.Lancet Infect Dis. 2007 Jan;7(1):62-7.

425. Josephson JS, Rosenberg SI. Sinusitis. Clin Symp. 1994;46(2):1-32.

426. Lessner A, Stern GA. Preseptal and orbital cellulitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1992 Dec;6(4):933-52.

427. Georgakopoulos CD, Eliopoulou MI, Stasinos S, Exarchou A, Pharmakakis N, Varvarigou A. Periorbital and orbital cellulitis: a 10-year review of hospitalized children. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2010 Nov-Dec;20(6):1066-72.

428. Chaudhry IA, Shamsi FA, Elzaridi E, Al-Rashed W, Al-Amri A, Arat YO. Inpatient preseptal cellulitis: experience from a tertiary eye care centre. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 Oct;92(10):1337-41.

429. Gonzalez MO, Durairaj VD. Understanding pediatric bacterial preseptal and orbital cellulitis. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol.2010 Apr;17(2):134-7.

430. Babar TF, Zaman M, Khan MN, Khan MD. Risk factors of preseptal and orbital cellulitis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2009Jan;19(1):39-42.

431. Dunham ME. New light on sinusitis. Contemp Pediatr. 1994 Oct;11(10):102-6, 8, 10 passim.

432. Ho CF, Huang YC, Wang CJ, Chiu CH, Lin TY. Clinical analysis of computed tomography-staged orbital cellulitis in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2007 Dec;40(6):518-24.

433. Gungor A, Corey JP. Pediatric sinusitis: aliterature review with emphasis on the role of allergy. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1997 Jan;116(1):4-15.

434. Bergin DJ, Wright JE. Orbital cellulitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1986 Mar;70(3):174-8.

435. Hoxworth JM, Glastonbury CM. Orbital and intracranial complications of acute sinusitis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2010 Nov;20(4):511-26.

436. Eviatar E, Gavriel H, Pitaro K, Vaiman M, Goldman M, Kessler A. Conservative treatment in rhinosinusitis orbital complications in children aged 2 years and younger. Rhinology. 2008 Dec;46(4):334-7.

437. Todman MS, Enzer YR. Medi cal management versus surgical intervention of pediatric orbital cellulitis: the importance of subperiosteal abscess volume as a new criterion. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Jul-Aug;27(4):255-9.

438. Gavriel H, Yeheskeli E, Aviram E, Yehoshua L, Eviatar E. Dimension of subperiosteal orbital abscess as an indication for surgical management in children. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011 Nov;145(5):823-7.

439. Coenraad S, Buwalda J. Surgical or medical management of subperiosteal orbital abscess in children: a critical appraisal of the literature. Rhinology. 2009 Mar;47(1):18-23.

440. Jones NS, Walker JL, Bassi S, Jones T, Punt J. The intracranial complications of rhinosinusitis: can they be prevented? The Laryngoscope. 2002 Jan;112(1):59-63.

441. Oxford LE, McClay J. Medical and surgical management of subperiosteal orbital abscess secondary to acute sinusitis in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006 Nov;70(11):1853-61.

442. Wenig BL, Goldstein MN, Abramson AL. Frontal sinusitis and its intracranial complications. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1983 Jul;5(3):285-302.

443. Siedek V, Kremer A, Betz CS, Tschiesner U, Berghaus A, Leunig A. Management of orbi tal compl icat ions due to rhinosinusitis. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 Dec;267(12):1881-6.

444. Albu S, Tomescu E, Bassam S, Merca Z. Intracranial complications of sinusitis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 2001;55(4):265-72.

445. Gallagher RM, Gross CW, Phillips CD. Suppurative intracranial complications of sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 1998 Nov;108(11 Pt 1):1635-42.

446. Daya S, To SS. A 'silent' intracranial complication of frontal sinusitis. J Laryngol Otol. 1990 Aug;104(8):645-7.

447. DelGaudio JM, Evans SH, Sobol SE, Parikh SL. Intracranial complications of sinusitis: what is the role of endoscopic sinus surgery in the acute setting. Am J Otolaryngol. 2010 Jan- Feb;31(1):25-8.

448. Germiller JA, Monin DL, Sparano AM, Tom LW. Intracranial complications of sinusitis in children and adolescents and their outcomes. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2006 Sep;132(9):969-76.

449. Quraishi H, Zevallos JP. Subdural empyema as a complication of sinusitis in the pediatric population. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2006;70(9):1581-6.

450. Eweiss A, Mukonoweshuro W, Khalil HS. Cavernous sinus thrombosis secondary to contralateral sphenoid sinusitis: a diagnostic challenge. J Laryngol Otol. 2010 Aug;124(8):928-30.

451. Kombogiorgas D, Seth R, Athwal R, Modha J, Singh J. Suppurative intracranial complications of sinusitis in adolescence. Single institute experience and review of literature. Br J Neurosurg. 2007 Dec;21(6):603-9.

452. Hakim HE, Malik AC, Aronyk K, Ledi E, Bhargava R. The prevalence of intracranial complications in pediatric frontal sinusitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006 Aug;70(8):1383-7.

453. Berenholz L, Kessler A, Shlomkovitz N, Sarfati S, Segal S. Superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis: complication of ethmoidal rhinosinusitis. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1998 Jan;124(1):95-7.

454. Broberg T, Murr A, Fischbein N. Devastating complications of acute pediatric bacterial sinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1999 Apr;120(4):575-9.

455. Bhatia K, Jones NS. Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis secondary to sinusitis: are anticoagulants indicated? A review of the literature. J Laryngol Otol. 2002 Sep;116(9):667-76.

456. Lang EE, Curran AJ, Patil N, Walsh RM, Rawluk D, Walsh MA. Intracranial complications of acute frontal sinusitis. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2001 Dec;26(6):452-7.

457. Park HW, Lee BJ, Chung YS. Orbital subperiosteal hematoma associated with sinus infection. Rhinology. 2010 Mar;48(1):117-22.

458. Gradoni P, Fois P. Nasal septal abscess complicating isolated acute sphenoiditis: case report and literature review. B-Ent. 2010;6(4):303-5.

459. Pang KP, Sethi DS. Nasal septal abscess: an unusual complication of acute spheno-ethmoiditis. J Laryngol Otol. 2002 Jul;116(7):543-5.

460. Siberry GK, Costarangos C, Cohen BA. Destruction of the nasal septum by aspergillus infection after autologous bone marrow transplantation. The New England journal of medicine. 1997 Jul 24;337(4):275-6.

461. Wu VF, Smi th T L, Poet k er DM. Sinocutaneous fistula secondary to chronic frontal rhinosinusitis: case series and literature review. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2008 Oct;117(10):759-63.

462. Laurens MB, Becker RM, Johnson JK, Wolf JS, Kotloff KL. MRSA with progression from otitis media and sphenoid sinusitis to clival osteomyelitis, pachymeningitis and abducens ner ve palsy in an immunocompetent 10-year-old patient. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Jul;72(7):945-51.

463. Righini CA, Bing F, Bessou P, Boubagra K, Reyt E. An acute ischemic stroke secondary to sphenoid sinusitis. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2009 Nov;88(11):E23-8.

464. Rimal D, Hashmi SM, Prinsley PR. An unusual presentation of sphenoid sinusitis with septicaemia in a healthy young adult. Emerg Med J. 2006 Jun;23(6):e36.

465. Spaeth J, Krugelstein U, Schlondorff G. The paranasal sinuses in CT-imaging: development from birth to age 25. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1997 Feb 14;39(1):25-40.

466. Park IH, Song JS, Choi H, Kim TH, Hoon S, Lee SH, Ta iH. Volumetric study in the development of paranasal sinuses by CT imaging in Asian: a pilot study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 Dec;74(12):1347-50.

467. Kristo A, Uhari M, Luotonen J, Koivunen P, Ilkko E, Tapiainen T, Ta iH. Paranasal sinus findings in children during respiratory infection evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatrics. 2003 May;111(5 Pt 1):e586-9.

468. Wald ER. Beginning antibiotics for acute rhinosinusitis and choosing the right treatment. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. [Review]. 2006;30(3):143-51.

469. Wald ER, Guerra N, Byers C. Upper respiratory tract infections in young children: duration of and frequency of complications. Pediatrics. 1991 Feb;87(2):129-33.

470. Monto AS, Ullman BM. Acute respiratory illness in an American community. The Tecumseh study. JAMA. 1974 Jan 14;227(2):164-9.

471. Fox JP, Hall CE, Cooney MK, Luce RE, Kronmal RA. The Seattle virus watch. II. Objectives, study population and its observation, data processing and summary of illnesses. Am J Epidemiol. 1972 Oct;96(4):270-85.

472. Stahlberg MR. [Effect of the type of day care on the occurence of acute respiratory tract infections among young children]. Duodecim. 1981;97(17):1394-403.

473. Vogler RC, Ii FJ, Pilgram TK. Age-specific size of the normal adenoid pad on magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2000 Oct;25(5):392-5.

474. Wald ER, Milmoe GJ, Bowen A, Ledesma- Medina J, Salamon N, Bluestone CD. Acute sinusitis in children. The New England journal of medicine. 1981 Mar 26;304(13):749-54.

475. Shapiro DJ, Gonzales R, Cabana MD, Hersh AL. National trends in visit rates and antibiotic prescribing for children with acute sinusitis. Pediatrics. 2011 Jan;127(1):28-34.

476. Huang WH, Fang SY. High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in isolates from the middle meatus of children and adults with acute rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2004;18(6):387-91.

477. Brook I. Bacteriology of acute and chronic ethmoid sinusitis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2005;43(7):3479-80.

478. Brook I. Microbiology of acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis associated with an odontogenic origin. The Laryngoscope. 2005;115(5):823-5.

479. Clement PA, Bluestone CD, Gordts F, Lusk RP, Otten FW, Goossens H, Ta IH. Management of rhinosinusitis in children.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1999 Oct 5;49 Suppl 1:S95-100.

480. Tatli MM, San I, Karaoglanoglu M. Paranasal sinus computed tomographic findings of children with chronic cough.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2001 Sep 28;60(3):213-7.

481. Poachanukoon O, Kitcharoensakkul M. Efficacy of cefditoren pivoxil and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in Thailand: a randomized, investigator-blinded, controlled trial. Clin Ther. 2008 Oct;30(10):1870-9.

482. Meltzer EO, Orgel HA, Backhaus JW, Busse WW, Druce HM, Metzger WJ, Ta IH. Intranasal flunisolide spray as an adjunct to oral antibiotic therapy for sinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1993 Dec;92(6):812-23.

483. Bousquet J, Bachert C, Canonica GW, Casale TB, Cruz AA, Lockey RJ, Ta IH. Unmet needs in severe chronic upper airway disease (SCUAD). The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2009 Sep;124(3):428-33.

484. Collins JG, Blackwell DL, Tonthat L, Shashy RG, Moore EJ, Weaver A, Ta IH. Prevalence of selected chronic conditions: United States, 1990-1992 Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 1997 Prevalence of the chronic sinusitis diagnosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota The role of nasal endoscopy in outpatient management. Vital Health Stat 10. 1997;130(194):1-89.

485. Blackwell DL, Collins JG, Coles R. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 1997. Vital Health Stat 10. 2002 May(205):1-109.

486. Shashy RG, Moore EJ, Weaver A. Prevalence of the chronic sinusitis diagnosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota.Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2004 Mar;130(3):320-3.

487. Hughes RG, Jones NS. The role of nasal endoscopy in outpatient management. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 1998 Jun;23(3):224-6.

488. Bhattacharyya N. Clinical and symptom criteria for the accurate diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2006 Jul;116(7 Pt 2 Suppl 110):1-22.

489. Bonfils P, Nores JM, Halimi P, Avan P, Le Bihan C, Landais P. Correlation between nasosinusal symptoms and topographic diagnosis in chronic rhinosinusitis. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2005;114(1 I):74-83.

490. Chen Y, Dales R, Lin M. The epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis in Canadians. The Laryngoscope. 2003 Jul;113(7):1199-205.

491. Greisner WA, 3rd, Settipane GA. Hereditary factor for nasal polyps. Allergy and asthma proceedings : the official journal of regional and state allergy societies. 1996 Sep- Oct;17(5):283-6.

492. Gordts F, Clement PA, Buisseret T. Prevalence of sinusitis signs in a non-ENT population. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1996 Nov-Dec;58(6):315-9.

493. Ahsan SF, Jumans S, Nunez DA. Chronic rhinosinusitis: a comparative study of disease occurrence in North of Scotland and Southern Caribbean otolaryngology outpatient clinics over a two month period. Scott Med J. 2004 Nov;49(4):130-3.

494. Johansson L, Akerlund A, Holmberg K, Melen I, Bende M. Prevalence of nasal polyps in adults: the Skovde populationbased study. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and lar yngology. 2003 Jul;112(7):625-9.

495. el Hasnaoui A, Jankowski R, Serrano E, Pribil C, Neukirch F, Klossek JM. Evaluation of a diagnostic questionnaire for nasal polyposis: an observational, cross-sectional study. Rhinology. 2004 Mar;42(1):1-7.

496. Klossek JM, Neukirch F, Pribil C, Jankowski R, Serrano E, Chanal I, Ta IH. Prevalence of nasal polyposis in France: A crosssectional, case-control study. Allergy. 2005;60(2):233-7.

497. Johansson L, Bramerson A, Holmberg K, Melen I, Akerlund A, Bende M. Clinical relevance of nasal polyps in individuals recruited from a general populationbased study. Acta Otolaryngol. 2004 Jan;124(1):77-81.

498. Min YG, Jung HW, Kim HS, Park SK, Yoo KY. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic sinusitis in Korea: results of a nationwide survey. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1996;253(7):435-9.

499. Hedman J, Kaprio J, Poussa T, Nieminen MM. Prevalence of asthma, aspirin intolerance, nasal polyposis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a population-based study. Int J Epidemiol. 1999 Aug;28(4):717-22.

500. Larsen PL, Tos M. Origin of nasal polyps. The Laryngoscope. 1991 Mar;101(3):305-12.

501. Larsen PL, Tos M. Site of origin of nasal polyps. Transcranially removed nasoethmoidal blocks as a screening method for nasal polyps in autopsy material. Rhinology. 1995 Dec;33(4):185-8.

502. Larsen P. Anatomic site of origin of nasal polyps: endoscopic nasal and paranasal sinus surgery as a screening method for nasal polyps in autopsy material. American journal of rhinology. 1996(10):211-6.

503. Drake-Lee. Nasal polyps. In: Mygind N, Naclerio RM, editor. Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Copenhagen: Munksgaard. 1993.

504. Larsen K, Tos M. The estimated incidence of symptomatic nasal polyps. Acta Otolaryngol. 2002 Mar;122(2):179-82.

505. Settipane GA, Chafee FH. Nasal polyps in asthma and rhinitis. A review of 6037 patients. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1977 Jan;59(1):17-21.

506. Larsen K. The clinical relationship of nasal polyps to asthma. Settipane G LV, Bernstein JM, Tos M, editor. Rhode Island: Oceanside Publications; 1997.

507. Larsen K, Tos M. A long-term follow-up study of nasal polyp patients after simple polypectomies. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 1997;254:S85-S8.

508. Rugina M, Serrano E, Klossek JM, Crampette L, Stoll D, Bebear JP, Ta IH. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of nasal polyposis in France; the ORLI group experience. Rhinology. 2002 Jun;40(2):75-9.

509. Collins MM, Pang YT, Loughran S, Wilson JA. Environmental risk factors and gender in nasal polyposis. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2002 Oct;27(5):314-7.

510. Drake-Lee AB, Lowe D, Swanston A, Grace A. Clinical profile and recurrence of nasal polyps. J Laryngol Otol. 1984 Aug;98(8):783-93.

511. Moloney JR. Nasal polyps, nasal polypectomy, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity. Their association in 445 cases of nasal polyps. J Laryngol Otol. 1977 Oct;91(10):837-46.

512. Larsen K, Tos M. Clinical course of patients with primary nasal polyps. Acta Otolaryngol. 1994 Sep;114(5):556-9.

513. Settipane GA. Epidemiology of nasal polyps. Settipane G LV, Bernstein JM, Tos M, editor. Rhode Island: Oceanside Publications; 1997.

514. Hosemann W, Gode U, Wagner W. Epidemiology, pathophysiology of nasal polyposis, and spectrum of endonasal sinus surgery. Am J Otolaryngol. 1994 Mar-Apr;15(2):85-98.

515. Szczeklik A, Nizankowska E, Duplaga M. Natural history of aspirin-induced asthma. AIANE Investigators. European Network on Aspirin-Induced Asthma. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 2000 Sep;16(3):432-6.

516. Al-Rawi MM, Edelstein DR, Erlandson RA. Changes in nasal epithelium in patients with severe chronic sinusitis: a clinicopathologic and electron microscopic study. The Laryngoscope. 1998 Dec;108(12):1816-23.

517. Hadfield PJ, Rowe-Jones JM, Mackay IS. The prevalence of nasal polyps in adults with cystic fibrosis. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2000 Feb;25(1):19-22.

518. Kaliner M. Treatment of sinusitis in the next millennium. Allergy and asthma proceedings : the official journal of regional and state allergy societies. 1998 Jul-Aug;19(4):181-4.

519. Krause HF. Al lergy and chroni c rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. 2003;128(1):14-6.

520. Jones NS, Carney AS, Davis A. The prevalence of allergic rhinosinusitis: a review. J Lar yngol Otol. 1998 Nov;112(11):1019-30.

521. Bailey B. The impact of pollution on the upper alimentary and respiratory tracts. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1992(106):736-40.

522. Stammberger H. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Philadelphia: B.C. Decker; 1991.

523. L anz a DC, K ennedy DW. Adul t rhinosinusitis defined. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. [Review]. 1997 Sep;117(3 Pt 2):S1-7.

524. Hamilos DL, Leung DY, Wood R, Cunningham L, Bean DK, Yasruel Z, Ta iH. Evidence for distinct cytokine expression in allergic versus nonallergic chronic sinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1995 Oct;96(4):537-44.

525. Slavin RG. Sinusitis in adults and its relation to allergic rhinitis, asthma, and nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1988 Nov;82(5 Pt 2):950-6.

526. Hamilos DL, Leung DY, Wood R, Meyers A, Stephens JK, Barkans J, Ta iH. Chronic hyperplastic sinusitis: association of tissue eosinophilia with mRNA expression of granuloc yte -macrophage colonystimulating factor and interleukin-3. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1993 Jul;92(1 Pt 1):39-48.

527. Rachelefsky GS, Goldberg M, Katz RM, Boris G, Gyepes MT, Shapiro MJ, Ta iH. Sinus disease in children with respiratory allergy. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1978 May;61(5):310-4.

528. Shapiro GG. Role of allergy in sinusitis. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1985 Nov-Dec;4(6 Suppl):S55-9.

529. Benninger MS. Rhinitis, sinusitis and their relationships to allergies. American journal of rhinology. 1992;6:37-43.

530. Emanue l IA, Shah SB. Chroni c rhinos inus i t i s : al lergy and s inus computed tomography relationships. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2000 Dec;123(6):687-91.

531. Grove R. Chronic hyperplastic sinusitis in allergic patients: a bacteriologic study of 200 operative cases. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1990(11):271-6.

532. Karlsson G, Holmberg K. Does allergic rhinitis predispose to sinusitis? Acta Otolar yngol Suppl. 1994;515:26-8; discussion 9.

533. Lane AP, Pine HS, Pillsbury HC, 3rd. Allergy testing and immunotherapy in an academic otolaryngology practice: a 20-year review. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2001 Jan;124(1):9-15.

534. Caplin I, Haynes JT, Spahn J. Are nasal polyps an allergic phenomenon? Ann Allergy. 1971 Dec;29(12):631-4.

535. Bunnag C, Pacharee P, Vipulakom P, Siriyananda C. A study of allergic factor in nasal polyp patients. Ann Allergy. 1983 Feb;50(2):126-32.

536. Kern R. Allergy: a constant factor in the etiology of so-called mucous nasal polyps. J Allergy. 1993;4:483.

537. Blumstein GI, Tuft L. Allergy treatment in recurrent nasal polyposis: its importance and value. Am J Med Sci . 1957 Sep;234(3):269-80.

538. English G. Nasal polyposis. E G, editor. Philadelphia: Harper and Row; 1985.

539. Drake-Lee AB. Histamine and its release from nasal polyps: preliminary communication. J R Soc Med. 1984 Feb;77(2):120-4.

540. Pepys J, Duveen GW. Negative skin tests in allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1951;2(2):147-60.

541. Liu CM, Shun CT, Hsu MM. Lymphocyte subsets and antigen-specific IgE antibody in nasal polyps. Ann Allergy. 1994 Jan;72(1):19-24.

542. Bachert C, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Johansson SG, van Cauwenberge P. Total and specific IgE in nasal polyps is related to local eosinophilic inflammation. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2001 Apr;107(4):607-14.

543. Collins MM, Loughran S, Davidson P, Wilson JA. Nasal polyposis: prevalence of positive food and inhalant skin tests. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2006 Nov;135(5):680-3.

544. Pang YT, Eskici O, Wilson JA. Nasal polyposis: role of subclinical delayed food hypersensitivity. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-He ad and Ne c k Surge r y. 2000 Feb;122(2):298-301.

545. Salvin RG, Cannon RE, Friedman WH, Palitang E, Sundaram M. Sinusitis and bronchial asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1980 Sep;66(3):250-7.

546. Schwartz HJ, Thompson JS, Sher TH, Ross RJ. Occult sinus abnormalities in the asthmatic patient. Arch Intern Med. 1987 Dec;147(12):2194-6.

547. Serrano E, Neukirch F, Pribil C, Jankowski R, Klossek JM, Chanal I, Ta IH. Nasal polyposis in France: Impact on sleep and quality of life. Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 2005;119(7):543-9.

548. Downing E. Bronchial reactivity in patients with nasal polyposis before and after polypectomy. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1982;69(2):102.

549. Alobid I, Cardelus S, Benitez P, Guilemany JM, Roca-Ferrer J, Picado C, Ta IH. Persistent asthma has an accumulative impact on the loss of smell in patients with nasal polyposis. Rhinology. 2011 Dec 1;49(5):519-24.

550. Sun Y, Zhou B, Wang C, Huang Qian, Zhang Qi, Han Ye-hua Ta IH. Clinical and histopathologic features of Biofilmassociated chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in Chinese patients. Chinese Medical Journal 2012;125, 6:1104-1109.

551. Chafee FH. Aspirin intolerance. I. Frequency in an allergic population. Allergy Clin Immunol. 1974(53):193-9.

552. Webe r RW, Hof fman M, R a ine DA, Jr., Nelson HS. Incidence of bronchoconstriction due to aspirin, azo dyes, non-azo dyes, and preservatives in a population of perennial asthmatics. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1979 Jul;64(1):32-7.

553. Szczeklik A, Gryglewski RJ, Czerniawska-MysikG. Clinial patterns of hypersensitivi to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their pathogenesis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1977 Nov;60(5):276-84.

554. Spector SL, Wangaard CH, Farr RS. Aspirin and concomitant idiosyncrasies in adult asthmatic patients. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1979 Dec;64(6 Pt 1):500- 6.

555. Ogino S. Aspirin-induced asthma and nasal polyps. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1986(430):21-7.

556. Szczeklik A, Stevenson DD. Aspirin induced asthma: advances in pathogenes is and management.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1999 Jul;104(1):5-13.

557. May A, Wagner D, Langenbeck U, Weber A. [Family study of patients with aspirin intolerance and rhinosinusitis]. HNO. 2000 Sep;48(9):650-4.

558. Moloney JR, Oliver RT. HLA antigens, nasal polyps and asthma. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 1980 Jun;5(3):183-9.

559. Zhang N, Gevaert P, van Zele T, Perez-Novo C, Patou J, Holtappels G, Ta IH. An update on the impact of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis. Rhinology. 2005 Sep;43(3):162-8.

560. Chee L, Graham SM, Carothers DG, Ballas ZK. Immune dysfunction in refractory sinusitis in a tertiary care setting. The Laryngoscope. 2001 Feb;111(2):233-5.

561. Porter JP, Patel AA, Dewey CM, Stewart MG. Prevalence of sinonasal symptoms in patients with HIV infection. American journal of rhinology. 1999 May-Jun;13(3):203-8.

562. Garcia-Rodriguez JF, Corominas M, Fernandez-Viladrich P, Monfort JL, Dicenta M. Rhinosinusitis and atopy in patients infected with HIV. The Laryngoscope. 1999 Jun;109(6):939-44.

563. Sabini P, Josephson GD, Reisacher WR, Pincus R. The role of endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Otolaryngol. 1998 Nov- Dec;19(6):351-6.

564. Riordan JR, Rommens JM, Kerem B, Alon N, Rozmahel R, Grzelczak Z, Ta IH. Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: cloning and characterization of complementary DNA. Science (New York, NY). 1989 Sep 8;245(4922):1066-73.

565. Ellegard EK. The etiology and management of pregnancy rhinitis. Am J Respir Med. 2003;2(6):469-75.

566. Sobol SE, Frenkiel S, Nachtigal D, Wiener D, Teblum C. Clinical manifestations of sinonasal pathology during pregnancy. J Otolaryngol. 2001 Feb;30(1):24-8.

567. Sorri M, Hartikainen-Sorri AL, Karja J. Rhinitis during pregnancy. Rhinology. 1980 Jun;18(2):83-6.

568. Zinreich SJ, Mattox DE, Kennedy DW, Chisholm HL, Diffley DM, Rosenbaum AE. Concha bullosa: CT evaluation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1988 Sep-Oct;12(5):778-84.

569. Caughey RJ, Jameson MJ, Gross CW, Han JK. Anatomic risk factors for sinus disease: fact or fiction? American journal of rhinology. 2005 Jul-Aug;19(4):334-9.

570. Jones NS. CT of the paranasal sinuses: a review of the correlation with clinical, surgical and histopathological findings. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2002 Feb;27(1):11-7.

571. Bolger WE, Butzin CA, Parsons DS. Paranasal sinus bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities: CT analysis for endoscopic sinus surgery. The Laryngoscope. 1991 Jan;101(1 Pt 1):56-64.

572. Nouraei SA, Elisay AR, Dimarco A, Abdi R, Majidi H, Madani SA, Ta IH. Variations in paranasal sinus anatomy: implications for the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis and safety of endoscopic sinus surgery. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale. 2009 Feb;38(1):32-7.

573. Holbrook EH, Brown CL, Lyden ER, Leopold DA. Lack of significant correlation between rhinosinusitis symptoms and specific regions of sinus computer tomography scans. American journal of rhinology. 2005;19(4):382-7.

574. Wagenmann M, Naclerio RM. Complications of sinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1992 Sep;90(3 Pt 2):552-4.

575. Jones NS, Strobl A, Holland I. A study of the CT findings in 100 patients with rhinosinusitis and 100 controls. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 1997 Feb;22(1):47-51.

576. Willner A, Choi SS, Vezina LG, Lazar RH. Intranasal anatomic variations in pediatric sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 1997 Sep-Oct;11(5):355-60.

577. Yasan H, Dogru H, Baykal B, Douner F, Tuz M. What is the relationship between chronic sinus disease and isolated nasal septal deviation? Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. 2005;133(2):190-3.

578. Calhoun KH, Waggenspack GA, Simpson CB, Hokanson JA, Bailey BJ. CT evaluation of the paranasal sinuses in symptomatic and a symptomatic populations . Otolaryngology head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1991 Apr;104(4):480-3.

579. Kayalioglu G, Oyar O, Govsa F. Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus bony variations: a computed tomographic study. Rhinology. 2000 Sep;38(3):108-13.

580. Perez P, Sabate J, Carmona A, Catalina-Herrera CJ, Jimenez-Castellanos J. Anatomical variations in the human paranasal sinus region studied by CT. J Anat. 2000 Aug;197 ( Pt 2):221-7.

581. Hoskison E, Daniel M, Rowson JE, Jones NS. Evidence of an increase in the incidence of odontogenic sinusitis over the last decade in the UK. J Laryngol Otol. 2012 Jan;126(1):43-6.

582. Cohen M, Kofonow J, Nayak JV, Palmer JN, Chiu AG, Leid JG, Ta iH. Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis: a review. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 May-Jun;23(3):255-60.

583. Genoway KA, Philpott CM, Javer AR.Pathogen yield and antimicrobial resistance patterns of chroni c rhinosinusitis patients presenting to a tertiary rhinology centre. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale. 2011 Jun 1;40(3):232-7.

584. Bhattacharyya N, Kepnes LJ. Assessment of trends in antimicrobial resistance in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2008 Jun;117(6):448-52.

585. Bachert C, Zhang N, Holtappels G, De Lobel L, van Cauwenberge P, Liu S, Ta iH. Presence of IL-5 protein and IgE antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins in nasal polyps is associated with comorbid asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Nov;126(5):962-8, 8 e1-6.

586. Kim J, Hanley JA. The role of woodstoves in the etiology of nasal polyposis. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2002 Jun;128(6):682-6.

587. Raynal M, Peynegre R, Beautru R, Coste A. [Sinus mucoceles and surgery in iatrogenic diseases]. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac. 1999 May;116(2):85-91.

588. Gutman M, Houser S. Iatrogenic maxillary sinus recirculation and beyond. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2003 Jan;82(1):61-3.

589. Morinaka S, Ichimiya M, Nakamura H. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in nasal and maxillary sinus specimens from patients with chronic sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2003 Sep;113(9):1557-63.

590. Ozdek A, Cirak MY, Samim E, Bayiz U, Safak MA, Turet S. A possible role of Helicobacter pylori in chronic rhinosinusitis: A preliminary report. The Laryngoscope. 2003;113(4):679-82.

591. Telmesani LM, Al-Shawarby M. Osteitis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a comparative study between primary and recurrent cases. European archives of oto-rhino- laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 May;267(5):721-4.

592. Ponikau JU, Sherris DA, Kern EB, Homburger HA, Frigas E, Gaffey TA, Ta iH. The diagnosis and incidence of allergic fungal sinusitis. Mayo Clinic proceedings Mayo Clinic. 1999 Sep;74(9):877-84.

593. Sasama J, Sherris DA, Shin SH, Kephart GM, Kern EB, Ponikau JU. New paradigm for the roles of fungi and eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2005 Feb;13(1):2-8.

594. Van Crombruggen K, Zhang N, Gevaert P, Tomassen P, Bachert C. Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: Inflammation. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011.

595. Roca-Ferrer J, Garcia-Garcia FJ, Pereda J, Perez-Gonzalez M, Pujols L, Alobid I, та ін. Reduced expression of COXs and production of prostaglandin E(2) in patients with nasal polyps with or without aspirin-intolerant asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011 Jul;128(1):66-72 e1.

596. Bachert C, Zhang N, Patou J, van Zele T, Gevaert P. Role of staphylococcal superantigens in upper airway disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Feb;8(1):34-8.

597. Tieu DD, Kern RC, Schleimer RP. Alterations in epithelial barrier function and host defense responses in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2009 Jul;124(1):37-42.

598. Peters AT, Kato A, Zhang N, Conley DB, Suh L, Tancowny B, та ін. Evidence for altered activity of the IL-6 pathway in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Feb;125(2):397-403 e10.

599. Holland SM, DeLeo FR, Elloumi HZ, Hsu AP, Uzel G, Brodsky N, та ін. STAT3 mutations in the hyper-IgE syndrome. The New England journal of medicine. 2007 Oct 18;357(16):1608-19.

600. Kato A, Peters A, Suh L, Carter R, Harris KE, Chandra R, та ін. Evidence of a role for B cell-activating factor of the TNF family in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2008 Jun;121(6):1385-92, 92 e1-2.

601. Hammad H, Lambrecht BN. Dendritic cells and airway epithelial cells at the interface between innate and adaptive immune responses. Allergy. 2011 May;66(5):579-87.

602. Patadia M, Dixon J, Conley D, Chandra R, Peters A, Suh LA, та ін. Evaluation of the presence of B-cell attractant chemokines in chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Sep 28.

603. Foreman A, Holtappels G, Psaltis AJ, Jervis-Bardy J, Field J, Wormald PJ, та ін. Adaptive immune responses in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-associated chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy. 2011 Aug 11;66(11):1449-56.

604. Ohlrich EJ, Cullinan MP, Seymour GJ. The immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Aust Dent J. 2009 Sep;54 Suppl 1:S2-10.

605. Perez-Novo CA, Waeytens A, Claeys C, Cauwenberge PV, Bacher t C. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B regulates prostaglandin E2 synthesis, growth, and migration in nasal tissue fibroblasts. J Infect Dis. 2008 Apr 1;197(7):1036-43.

606. Okano M, Fujikura T, Haruna T, Kariya S, Makihara S, Higaki T, та ін. Prostaglandin E2 suppresses staphylococcal enterotoxininduced eosinophilia-associated cellular responses dominantly through an E-prostanoid 2-mediated pathway in nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2009;123(4):868-71.

607. Corriveau MN, Zhang N, Holtappels G, Van Roy N, Bachert C. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in nasal tissue with peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Sep-Oct;23(5):461-5.

608. Sachse F, Becker K, von Eiff C, Metze D, Rudack C. Staphylococcus aureus invades the epithelium in nasal polyposis and induces IL-6 in nasal epithelial cells in vitro. Allergy. 2010 Nov;65(11):1430-7.

609. Krysko O, Holtappels G, Zhang N, Kubica M, Deswarte K, Derycke L, та ін. Alternatively activated macrophages and impaired phagocytosis of S. aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy. 2011 Mar;66(3):396-403.

610. Poposki JA, Uzzaman A, Nagarkar DR, Chustz RT, Peters AT, Suh LA, та ін. Increased expression of the chemokine CCL23 in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011 Jul;128(1):73-81 e4.

611. Ooi EH, Psaltis AJ, Witterick IJ, Wormald PJ. Innate immunity. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America. 2010 Jun;43(3):473-87,vii.

612. Cimmino M, Cavaliere M, Nardone M,Plantulli A, Orefice A, Esposito V, та rn.Clinical characteristics and genotypeanalysis of patients with cystic fibrosis andnasal polyposis. Clinical otolaryngologyand allied sciences. 2003 Apr;28(2):125-32.

613. Hull J, Thomson AH. Contribution ofgenetic factors other than TPM to diseaseseverity in cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 1998 Dec;53(12):1018-21.

614. Tewfik MA, Bosse Y, Al-Shemari H,Desrosiers M. Genetics of chronic rhinosinusitis: a primer. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino- laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale. 2010 Feb 1;39(1):62-8.

615. Meyer s DA. Genet ics of as thma and allergy: what have we learned? The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Sep;126(3):439-46; quiz 47-8.

616. Vercelli D. Genetics, epigenetics, and the environment: switching, buffering, releasing. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2004 Mar;113(3):381-6; quiz 7.

617. Vuillermin PJ, Ponsonby AL, Saffery R, Tang ML, Ellis JA, Sly P, та ін. Microbial exposure, interferon gamma gene demethylation in naive T-cells, and the risk of allergic disease. Allergy. 2009 Mar;64(3):348-53.

618. Martino DJ, Prescott SL. Silent mysteries: epigenetic paradigms could hold the key to conquering the epidemic of allergy and immune disease. Allergy. 2010 Jan;65(1):7-15.

619. Ho SM. Environmental epigenetics of asthma: an update. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Sep;126(3):453-65.

620. Van Zele T, Claeys S, Gevaert P, Van Maele G, Holtappels G, Van Cauwenberge P, та ін. Differentiation of chronic sinus diseases by measurement of inflammator y mediators. Allergy. 2006 Nov;61(11):1280-9.

621. Bachert C, Claeys SE, Tomassen P, van Zele T, Zhang N. Rhinosinusitis and asthma: a link for asthma severity. Current allergy and asthma reports. 2010 May;10(3):194-201.

622. Van Bruaene N, Bacher t C. Tissue remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Feb;11(1):8-11.

623. Ba L, Zhang N, Meng J, Zhang J, Lin P, Zhou P, та ін. The association between bacterial colonization and inflammatory pattern in Chinese chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polymps. Allergy . 2011.

624. Littman DR, Pamer EG. Role of the commensal microbiota in normal and pathogenic host immune responses. Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Oct 4;10(4):311-23.

625. Leung R, Conley D, Kern R, Chandra R. OMC Obstruction is Not Associated with Adjacent Sinus Disease in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps. AJRA. 2011:In Press.

626. Payne SC, Borish L, Steinke JW. Genetics and phenotyping in chronic sinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011 Jun 23.

627. Payne SC, Early SB, Huyett P, Han JK, Borish L, Steinke JW. Evidence for distinct histological profile of nasal polyps: with and without eosinophilia. The Laryngoscope. 2011;121(10):2262-7.

628. Bachert C, Van Bruaene N, Toskala E, Zhang N, Olze H, Scadding G, та ін. Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: 3-chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis - a GALEN study. Allergy. 2009 Apr;64(4):520-33.

629. Feazel LM, Frank DN, Ramakrishnan V. Update on bacterial detection methods in chronic rhinosinusitis: implications for clinicians and research scientists. International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2011:1-9.

630. Hilty M, Burke C, Pedro H, Cardenas P, Bush A, Bossley C, та ін. Disordered microbial communities in asthmatic airways. PLoS One. 2010;5(1):e8578.

631. Cho KS, Kim CS, Lee HS, Seo SK, Park HY, Roh HJ. Role of interferon-gammaproducing t cells in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps associated with staphylococcal superantigen. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale. 2010 0ct;39(5):600-5.

632. Lemon KP, Klepac-Ceraj V, Schiffer HK, Brodie EL, Lynch SV, Kolter R. Comparative analyses of the bacterial microbiota of the human nostril and oropharynx. MBio. 2010;1(3).

633. Frank DN, Feazel LM, Bessesen MT, Price CS, Janoff EN, Pace NR. The human nasal microbiota and Staphylococcus aureus carriage. PLoS One. 2010;5(5):e10598.

634. Abou-Hamad W, Matar N, Elias M, Nasr M, Sarkis-Karam D, Hokayem N, Ta iH. Bacterial flora in normal adult maxillary sinuses. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 May- Jun;23(3):261-3.

635. Benninger M, Brook I, Bernstein JM, Casey JR, Roos K, Marple B, Ta iH. Bacterial interference in upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2011 Mar-Apr;25(2):82-8.

636. Herbst T, Sichelstiel A, Schar C, Yadava K, Burki K, Cahenzli J, Ta iH. Dysregulation of allergic airway inflammation in the absence of microbial colonization. Amer ican journal of respi rator y and critical care medicine. 2011 Jul 15;184(2):198-205.

637. Belkaid Y, Tarbell K. Regulatory T cells in the control of host-microorganism interactions (*). Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:551-89.

638. Cernadas M. It Takes a Microbiome: Commensals, Immune Regulation, and Allergy. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2011;184:149-58.

639. Araujo E, Palombini BC, Cantarelli V, Pereira A, Mariante A. Microbiology of middle meatus in chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2003 Jan-Feb;17(1):9-15.

640. Doyle PW, Woodham JD. Evaluation of the microbiology of chronic ethmoid sinusitis. J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Nov;29(11):2396-400.

641. Hoyt WH. Bacterial patterns found in surgery patients wtih chronic sinusitis. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1992;92(205).

642. Hsu J, Lanza DC, Kennedy DW. Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial chronic sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 1998 Jul-Aug;12(4):243-8.

643. Jiang RS, Lin JF, Hsu CY. Correlations between bacteriology of the middle meatus and ethmoid sinus in chronic sinusitis. J Laryngol Otol. 2002;116:443-6.

644. Kim HJ, Lee K, Yoo JB, Song JW, Yoon JH. Bacteriological findings and antimicrobial susceptibility in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp. Acta Otolaryngol. 2006 May;126(5):489-97.

645. Finegold SM, Flynn MJ, Rose FV, Jousimies-Somer H, Jakielaszek C, McTeague M, Ta iH. Bacteriologic findings associated with chronic bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults. Clinical infectious diseases :an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2002 Aug 15;35(4):428-33.

646. Brook I. Microbiology of sinusitis. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. 2011 Mar;8(1):90-100.

647. Mantovani K, Bisanha AA, Demarco RC, Tamashiro E, Martinez R, Anselmo-Lima WT. Maxillary sinuses microbiology from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology. 2010 Sep-Oct;76(5):548-51.

648. Niederfuhr A, Kirsche H, Deutschle T, Poppert S, Riechelmann H, Wellinghausen N. Staphylococcus aureus in nasal lavage and biopsy of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy. 2008 Oct;63(10):1359-67.

649. Niederfuhr A, Kirsche H, Riechelmann H, Wellinghausen N. The bacteriology of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2009 Feb;135(2):131-6.

650. Bhattacharyya N. Bacterial infection in chronic rhinosinusitis: A controlled paired analysis. American journal of rhinology. 2005;19(6):544-8.

651. Bhattacharyya N, Gopal HV, Lee KH. Bacterial Infection after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Controlled Prospective Study. The Laryngoscope. 2004;114(4):765-7.

652. Shiomori T, Yoshida S, Miyamoto H, Makishima K. Relationship of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus to pathogenesis of perennial allergic rhinitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2000 Mar;105(3):449-54.

653. Clement S, Vaudaux P, Francois P, Schrenzel J, Huggler E, Kampf S, Ta IH. Evidence of an intracellular reservoir in the nasal mucosa of patients with recur rent Staphylococcus aureus rhinosinusitis. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2005;192(6):1023-8.

654. Plouin-Gaudon I, Clement S, Huggler E, Chaponnier C, Francois P, Lew D, Ta IH. Intracellular residency is frequently associated with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus rhinos inus it is. Rhinology. 2006;44:249-54.

655. Stephenson MF, Mfuna L, Dowd SE, Wolcott RD, Barbeau J, Poisson M, Ta IH. Molecular characterization of the polymicrobial flora in chronic rhinosinusitis. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale. 2010 Apr;39(2):182-7.

656. Proctor LM. The human microbiome project in 2011 and beyond. Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Oct 4;10(4):287-91.

657. Costello EK, Lauber CL, Hamady M, Fierer N, Gordon JI, Knight R. Bacterial communi ty variation in huma n body habitats across space and time. Science (New York, NY ). 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1694-7.

658. Robinson CJ, Bohannan BJ, Young VB. From structure to function: the ecology of host- associated microbial communities. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2010 Sep;74(3):453-76.

659. Qiao F, Xie Y, Yin WJ, Kang MJ, Guo XJ, Chen HJ. Nasal colonization by opportunistic pathogens among health care workers: a survey. Chin J Nosocomiol. 2008;18:1371-3.

660. Larson DA, Han JK. Microbiology of sinusitis: does allergy or endoscopic sinus surgery affect the microbiologic flora? Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2011 Jun;19(3):199-203.

661. Van Zele T, Gevaer t P, Watelet JB, Claeys G, Holtappels G, Claeys C, Ta IH. Staphylococcus aureus colonization and IgE antibody formation to enterotoxins is increased in nasal polyposis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2004 Oct;114(4):981-3.

662. Bernstein J, Ballow M, Schlievert PM. A Superantigen hypothesis for the pathogenesis of chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with massive nasal polyposis. Am J Rhinol. 2003;17:321-6.

663. Conley DB, Tripathi A, Seiberling KA, Schleimer RP, Suh LA, Harris K, Ta IH. Superantigens and chronic rhinosinusitis: skewing of T-cell receptor V betadistributions in polyp-derived CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. American journal of rhinology. 2006 Sep- Oct;20(5):534-9.

664. Conley DB, Tripathi A, Seiberling KA, Suh LA, Harris KE, Paniagua MC, Ta IH. Superantigens and chronic rhinosinusitis II: analysis of T-cell receptor V beta domains in nasal polyps. American journal of rhinology. 2006 Jul-Aug;20(4):451-5.

665. Tripathi A, Conley DB, Grammer LC, Ditto AM, Lowery MM, Seiberling KA, Ta IH. Immunoglobulin E to staphylococcal and streptococcal toxins in patients with chronic sinusitis/nasal polyposis. The Laryngoscope. 2004;114(10 I):1822-6.

666. Wang M, Shi P, Yue Z, Chen B, Zhang H, Zhang D, Ta IH. Superantigens and the expression of T-cell receptor repertoire in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Acta Otolaryngol. 2008 Aug;128(8):901-8.

667. Seiberling KA, Conley DB, Tripathi A, Grammer LC, Shuh L, Haines IG, Ta IH. Superantigens and chronic rhinosinusitis: Detection of staphylococcal exotoxins in nasal polyps. The Laryngoscope. 2005;115(9):1580-5.

668. Patou J, Gevaert P, Van Zele T, Holtappels G, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B, protein A, and lipoteichoic acid stimulations in nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2008 Jan;121(1):110-5.

669. Perez Novo CA, Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz M, Lewandowska-Polak A, Claeys C, Holtappels G, Van Cauwenberge P, Ta IH. T cell inflammatory response, Foxp3 and TNFRS18-L regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with nasal polyps-asthma after staphylococcal superantigen stimulation. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2010 Sep;40(9):1323-32.

670. Langier S, Landsberg R, Sade K, Kivity S. Anti-IL-5 immunomodulates the effect of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin on T cell response in nasal polyps. Rhinology. 2011;49(5):570-6.

671. Huvenne W, Callebaut I, Reekmans K, Hens G, Bobic S, Jorissen M, та ін. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B augments granulocyte migration and survival via airway epithelial cell activation. Allergy. 2010 Aug;65(8):1013-20.

672. Wang JH, Kwon HJ, Jang YJ .Staphylococcus aureus increases cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase expression in nasal mucosae of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2010 Nov-Dec;24(6):422-7.

673. Wang M, Shi P, Chen B, Shi G, Li H, Wang H. Superantigen-Induced Glucocorticoid Insensitivity in the Recurrence of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011 Jul 4.

674. Van Zele T, Vaneechoutte M, Holtappels G, Gevaert P, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Detection of enterotoxin DNA in Staphylococcus aureus strains obtained from the middle meatus in controls and nasal polyp patients. American journal of rhinology. 2008 May- Jun;22(3):223-7.

675. Falkow S. Molecular Koch's postulates applied to bacterial pathogenicity—a personal recollection 15 years later. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004 Jan;2(1):67-72.

676. Inglis TJ. Principia aetiologica: taking causality beyond Koch's postulates. J Med Microbiol. 2007 Nov;56(Pt 11):1419-22.

677. Suh JD, Cohen NA, Palmer JN. Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2010 Feb;18(1):27-31.

678. Suh JD, Ramakrishnan V, Palmer JN Biofilms. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America. 2010 Jun;43(3):521-30, viii.

679. Lewis K. Persister cells, dormancy and infectious disease. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007 Jan;5(1):48-56.

680. Palmer JN. Bacterial biofilms: Do they play a role in chronic sinusitis? Otolaryngologic clinics of North America. [Review]. 2005;38(6):1193-201.

681. Perloff JR, Palmer JN. Evidence of bacterial biofilms on frontal recess stents in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Amer i c an journa l of rhinology. 2004;18(6):377-80.

682. Ferguson BJ, Stolz DB. Demonstration of biofilm in human bacterial chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2005 Sep-Oct;19(5):452-7.

683. Ramadan HH, Sanclement JA, Thomas JG. Chronic rhinosinusitis and biofilms. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. [Review]. 2005;132(3):414-7.

684. Sanderson AR, Leid JG, Hunsaker D. Bacterial biofilms on the sinus mucosa of human subjects with chronic rhinosinusitis. The Lar yngoscope.2006;116(7):1121-6.

685. Sanclement JA, Webster P, Thomas J, Ramadan HH. Bacterial biofilms in surgical specimens of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2005;115(4):578-82.

686. Psaltis AJ, Weitzel EK, Ha KR, Wormald PJ. The effect of bacterial biofilms on postsinus surgical outcomes. American journal of rhinology. 2008 Jan-Feb;22(1):1-6.

687. Prince AA, Steiger JD, Khalid AN, Dogrhamji L, Reger C, Eau Claire S, та ін. Prevalence of biofilm-forming bacteria in chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2008 May- Jun;22(3):239-45.

688. Mladina R, Poje G, Vukovic K, Ristic M, Music S. Biofilm in nasal polyps. Rhinology. 2008 Dec;46(4):302-7.

689. Foreman A, Psaltis AJ, Tan LW, Wormald PJ. Characterization of bacterial and fungal biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Nov- Dec;23(6):556-61.

690. Zernotti ME, Angel Villegas N, Roques Revol M, Baena-Cagnani CE, Arce Miranda JE, Paredes ME, та ін. Evidence of bacterial biofilms in nasal polyposis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2010;20(5):380-5.

691. Bendouah Z, Barbeau J, Hamad WA, Desrosiers M. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with an unfavorable evolution after surgery for chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. 2006;134(6):991-6.

692. Foreman A, Wormald PJ. Different biofilms, different disease? A clinical outcomes study. The Laryngoscope. 2010 Aug;l20(8):l70l-6.

693. Singhal D, Foreman A, Bardy JJ, Wormald PJ. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: Nemesis of endoscopic sinus surgery. The Laryngoscope. 2011 Jul;l2l(7):l578-83.

694. Hekiert AM, Kofonow JM, Doghramji L, Kennedy DW, Chiu AG, Palmer JN, та ін. Biofilms correlate with TH1 inflammation in the sinonasal tissue of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2009;l4l:448-53.

695. Wood AJ, Fraser J, Swift S, Amirapu S, Douglas R. Are biofilms associated with an inflammatory response in chronic rhinosinusitis? International forum of allergy & rhinology. 20ll:l-5.

696. Foreman A, Jervis-Bardy J, Wormald PJ. Do Biofilms Contribute to the Initiation and Recalcitrance of Chronic Rhinosinusitis? The Laryngoscope. 20ll(l2l):1085-9l.

697. Ebbens F, Georgalas C, Fokkens W. Fungas as the cause of chronic rhinosinusitis: the case remains unproven. Otolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery. 2009;l7:43-9.

698. Ebbens FA, Georgalas C, Fokkens WJ. The mold conundrum in chronic hyperplastic sinusitis. Current allergy and asthma reports. 2009 Mar;9(2):ll4-20.

699. Braun H, Buzina W, Freudenschuss K, Beham A, Stammberger H. 'Eosinophilic fungal rhinosinusitis': a common disorder in Europe? The Laryngoscope. 2003 Feb;113(2):264-9.

700. Davis LJ, Kita H. Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: role of airborne fungi and bacteria. Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. 2004 Feb;24(1):59-73.

701. Ponikau J, Sherris DA, Kephart GM, Kern EB, Congdon D, Adolphson CR, та ін. Striking deposition of toxic eosinophil major basic protein in mucus: Implications from chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2005;116(2):362-9.

702. Shin SH, Ponikau JU, Sherris DA, Congdon D, Frigas E, Homburger HA, та ін. Chronic rhinosinusitis: An enhanced immune response to ubiquitous airborne fungi. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2004;114(6):1369-75.

703. Wei JL, Kita H, Sherris DA, Kern EB, Weaver A, Ponikau JU. The chemotactic behavior of eosinophils in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2003;113(2):303-6.

704. Inoue Y, Matsuwaki Y, Shin SH, Ponikau JU, Kita H. Nonpathogenic, environmental fungi induce activation and degranulation of human eosinophils. J Immunol. 2005 Oct 15;175(8):5439-47.

705. Romani L. Immunity to fungal infections. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Apr;11(4):275-88.

706. Douglas R, Bruhn M, Tan LW, Ooi E, Psaltis A, Wormald PJ. Response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to fungal extracts and staphylococcal superantigen B in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2007 Mar;117(3):411-4.

707. Orlandi RR, Marple BF, Georgelas A, Durtschi D, Barr L. Immunologic response to fungus is not universally associated with rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology-- head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-He ad and Ne c k Surge r y. 2009 Dec;141(6):750-6 e1-2.

708. Ponikau JU, Sherris DA, Kita H, Kern EB. Intranasal antifungal treatment in 51 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2002 Dec;110(6):862-6.

709. Ponikau JU, Sherris DA, Weaver A, Kita H. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with intranasal amphotericin B: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2005 Jan;115(1):125-31.

710. Weschta M, Rimek D, Formanek M, Polzehl D, Podbielski A, Riechelmann H. Topical antifungal treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2004 Jun;113(6):1122-8.

711. Liang KL, Su MC, Shiao JY, Tseng HC, Hsin CH, Lin JF, Ta IH. Amphotericin B irrigation for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. American journal of rhinology. 2008 Jan-Feb;22(1):52-8.

712. Ebbens FA, Scadding GK, Badia L, Hellings PW, Jorissen M, Mullol J, Ta IH. Amphotericin B nasal lavages: not a solution for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and c l ini c a l immunology. 2006 Nov;118(5):1149-56.

713. Ebbens FA, Georgalas C, Luiten S, van Drunen CM, Badia L, Scadding GK, Ta IH. The effect of topical amphotericin B on inflammatory markers in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a multicentre randomized controlled study. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Feb;119(2):401-8.

714. Isaacs S, Fakhri S, Luong A, Citardi MJ. A meta-analysis of topical amphotericin B for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2011;1(4):250-4.

715. Orlandi RR, Marple BF. Fungus and chronic rhinosinusitis: weighing the evidence. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 Nov;143(5):611-3.

716. Orlandi RR, Marple BF. The role of fungus in chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngologic c l ini cs of Nor th Amer i ca. 2010 Jun;43(3):531-7, viii.

717. Shin SH, Lee SH, Jeong HS, Kita H. The effect of nasal polyp epithelial cells on eosinophil activation. The Laryngoscope. 2003 Aug;113(8):1374-7.

718. Shin SH, Lee YH, Jeon CH. Proteasedependent activation of nasal polyp epithelial cells by airborne fungi leads to migration of eosinophils and neutrophils. Acta Otolaryngol. 2006 Dec;126(12):1286-94.

719. Ebbens FA, Fokkens WJ. The mold conundrum in chronic rhinosinusitis: where do we stand today? Current allergy and asthma reports. 2008 Apr;8(2):93-101.

720. Rudack C, Steinhoff M, Mooren F, Buddenkotte J, Becker K, von Eiff C, Ta IH. PAR-2 activation regulates IL-8 and GRO-alpha synthesis by NF-kappaB, but not RANTES, IL-6, eotaxin or TARC expression in nasal epithelium. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2007 Jul;37(7):1009-22.

721. Bent JP, 3rd, Kuhn FA. Diagnosis of allergic fungal sinusitis. Otolaryngology—head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology- He ad and Ne c k Surgery. 1994 Nov;111(5):580-8.

722. Ryan MW. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America. 2011 Jun;44(3):697-710, ix-x.

723. Hutcheson PS, Schubert MS, Slavin RG. Districtions between allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy. 2010;24(6):405-8.

724. Luong A, Davis LS, Marple BF. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from allergic fungal rhinosinusitis adults express a Th2 cytokine response to fungal antigens. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 May-Jun;23(3):281-7.

725. Collins M, Nair S, Smith W, Kette F, Gillis D, Wormald PJ. Role of local immunoglobulin E production in the pathophysiology of noninvasive fungal sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2004;114(7):1242-6.

726. Ahn CN, Wise SK, Lathers DM, Mulligan RM, Harvey RJ, Schlosser RJ. Local production of antigen-specific IgE in different anatomic subsites of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis patients. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2009 Jul; 141(1): 97-103.

727. Carney AS, Tan LW, Adams D, Varelias A, Ooi EH, Wormald PJ. Th2 immunological inflammation in allergic fungal sinusitis, nonallergic eosinophilic fungal sinusitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2006;20(2):145-9.

728. Pant H, Kette FE, Smith WB, Macardle PJ, Wormald PJ. Eosinophilic mucus chronic rhinosinusitis: Clinical subgroups or a homogeneous pathogenic entity? The Laryngoscope. 2006;116(7):1241-7.

729. Pant H, Beroukas D, Kette FE, Smith WB, Wormald PJ, Macardle PJ. Nasal polyp cell populations and fungal-specific peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation in allergic fungal sinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Sep- Oct;23(5):453-60.

730. Orlandi RR, Thibeault SL, Ferguson BJ. Microarray analysis of allergic fungals inus it is and eosinophilicmucin rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2007 May;136(5):707-13.

731. Pant H, Schembri MA, Wormald PJ, Macardle PJ. IgE-mediated fungal allergy in allergic fungal sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Jun;119(6):1046-52.

732. Lee CG, Da Silva CA, Dela Cruz CS, Ahangari F, Ma B, Kang MJ, Ta IH. Role of chitin and chitinase/chitinase-like proteins in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and injury. Annu Rev Physiol. 2011 Mar 17;73:479-501.

733. Reese TA, Liang HE, Tager AM, Luster AD, Van Rooijen N, Voehringer D, Ta IH. Chitin induces accumulation in tissue of innate immune cells associated with allergy. Nature. 2007 May 3;447(7140):92-6.

734. Zhu Z, Zheng T, Homer RJ, Kim YK, Chen NY, Cohn L, Ta IH. Acidic mammalian chitinase in asthmatic Th2 inflammation and I L- 1 3 pa thway activation. Science (New York, NY ). 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1678-82.

735. Ramanathan Jr M, Lee WK, Lane AP. Increased expression of acidic mammalian chitinase in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. American journal of rhinology. 2006;20(3):330-5.

736. Park SK, Cho HW, Heo KW, Hur DY, Lee HK. Role of acidic mammalian chitinase and chitotriosidase in nasal polyps. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2009 Oct;141(4):462-6.

737. Park SK, Heo KW, Hur DY, Yang YI. Chitinolytic activity in nasal polyps. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2011 Jan-Feb;25(1):12-4.

738. Gu Z, Cao Z, Jin M. Expression and role of acidic mammalian chitinase and eotaxin-3 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhinolaryngologie et de chirurgie cervicofaciale. 2011 Feb;40(1):64-9.

739. Lalaker A, Nk rumah L, Lee WK, Ramanathan M, Lane AP. Chitin stimulates expression of acidic mammalian chitinase and eotaxin-3 by human sinonasal epithelial cells in vitro. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Jan- Feb;23(1):8-14.

740. Tan BK, Zirkle W, Chandra RK, Lin D, Conley DB, Peters AT, Ta IH. Atopic profile of patients failing medical therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis. International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2011;1(2):88-94.

741. Baroody FM, Mucha SM, Detineo M, Naclerio RM. Nasal challenge with allergen leads to maxillary sinus inflammation. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2008 May;121(5):1126-32 e7.

742. Naclerio RM, deTineo ML, Baroody FM. Ragweed allergic rhinitis and the paranasal sinuses. A computed tomographic s tudy. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1997 Feb;123(2):193-6.

743. Liu F, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhang N, Holtappels G, Lin P, Ta IH. Inflammatory profiles in nasal mucosa of patients with persistent vs intermittent allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2010 Sep;65(9):1149-57.

744. Keith PK, Conway M, Evans S, Wong DA, Jordana G, Pengelly D, Ta IH. Nasal polyps: effects of seasonal allergen exposure. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1994 Mar;93(3):567-74.

745. Robinson S, Douglas R, Wormald P-J. The relationship between atopy and chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2006;20(6):625-8.

746. Pearlman AN, Chandra RK, Chang D, Conley DB, Tripathi-Peters A, Grammer LC, Ta IH. Relationships between severity of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, asthma, and atopy. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Mar-Apr;23(2):145-8.

747. Zhang N, Holtappels G, Gevaert P, Patou J, Dhaliwal B, Gould H, Ta IH. Mucosal tissue polyclonal IgE is functional in response to allergen and SEB. Allergy. 2011 Jan;66(1):141-8.

748. Kohlmeier JE, Woodland DL. Immunity to espiratory viruses. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:61-82.

749. Gwaltney JM, Phillis CD, Miller RD, Riker DK. Computed tomographic study of the common cold. The New England journal of medicine. 1994;330(25-30.).

750. Wood AJ, Antoszewska H, Fraser J, Douglas RG. Is chronic rhinosinusitis caused by persistent respiratory virus infection? International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2011;1(2):95-100.

751. Jang YJ, Kwon HJ, Park HW, Lee BJ. Detection of rhinovirus in turbinate epithelial cells of chronic sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2006 Nov-Dec;20(6):634-6.

752. Sigurs N. Epidemiologic and clinical evidence of a respiratory syncytial virusreactive airway disease link. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2001 Mar;163(3 Pt 2):S2-6.

753. Sly PD, Kusel M, Holt PG. Do early-life viral infections cause asthma? The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 ;125(6):1202-5.

754. Sykes A, Johnston SL. Etiology of asthma exacerbations. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2008 Oct;122(4):685-8.

755. Rosenthal LA, Avila PC, Heymann PW, Martin RJ, Miller EK, Papadopoulos NG, Ta IH. Viral respiratory tract infections and asthma: the course ahead. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Jun;125(6):1212-7.

756. Holt PG, Strickland DH. Interactions between innate and adaptive immunity in asthma pathogenesis: New perspectives from studies on acute exacerbations. 125. 2010:963-72.

757. Jackson DJ, Johnston SL. The role of viruses in acute exacerbations of asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Jun;125(6):1178-87; quiz 88-9.

758. Yamin M, Holbrook EH, Gray ST, Harold R, Busaba N, Sridhar A, Ta IH. Cigarette smoke combined with Toll-like receptor 3 signaling triggers exaggerated epithelial regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted/CCL5 expression in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2008 Dec;122(6):1145-53 e3.

759. Pedersen M, Sakakura Y, Winther B, Brofeldt S, Mygind N. Nasal mucociliary transport, number of ciliated cells, and beating pattern in naturally acquired common colds. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl. 1983;128 (Pt 1):355-65.

760. Lieu JE, Feinstein AR. Confirmations and surprises in the association of tobacco use with sinusitis. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2000 Aug;126(8):940-6.

761. Houser SM, Keen KJ. The role of allergy and smoking in chronic rhinosinusitis and polyposis. The Laryngoscope. 2008 Sep;118(9):1521-7.

762. Kennedy DW. Prognostic factors, outcomes and staging in ethmoid sinus surgery. The Laryngoscope. 1992 Dec;102(12 Pt 2 Suppl 57):1-18.

763. Krzeski A, Galewicz A, Chmielewski R, Kisiel M. Influence of cigarette smoking on endoscopic sinus surgery long-term outcomes. Rhinology. 2011;49:1-6.

764. Cohen NA, Zhang S, Sharp DB, Tamashiro E, Chen B, Sorscher EJ, Ta IH. Cigarette smoke condensate inhibits transepithelial chloride transport and ciliary beat frequency. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Nov;119(11):2269-74.

765. Goldstein-Daruech N, Cope EK, Zhao KQ, Vukovic K, Kofonow JM, Doghramji L, Ta IH. Tobacco smoke mediated induction of sinonasal microbial biofilms. PLoS One. 2011;6(1):e15700.

766. Misso NL, Thompson PJ. Oxidative stress and antioxidant deficiencies in asthma: potential modification by diet. Redox Rep. 2005;10(5):247-55.

767. Comhair SA, Bhathena PR, Farver C, Thunnissen FB, Erzurum SC. Extracellular glutathione peroxidase induction in asthmatic lungs: evidence for redox regulation of expression in human airway epithelial cells. FASEB J. 2001 Jan;15(1):70-8.

768. Xiao C, Puddicombe SM, Field S, Haywood J, Broughton-Head V, Puxeddu I, Ta iH. Defective epithelial barrier function in asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011 Jul 11.

769. Huvenne W, Perez-Novo CA, Derycke L, De Ruyck N, Krysko O, Maes T, Ta iH. Different regulation of cigarette smoke induced inflammation in upper versus lower airways. Respir Res. 2010;11:100.

770. Rudmik L, Mace JC, Smith TL. Smoking and Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Does smoking volume contribute to clinical outcome? International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2011 May;1(2):145-52.

771. Chandra RK, Lin D, Tan B, Tudor RS, Conley DB, Peters AT, Ta iH. Chronic rhinosinusitis in the set t ing of other chroni c inflammatory diseases. Am J Otolaryngol. 2011 Sep 9;32(5):388-91.

772. Johansson ME, Larsson JM, Hansson GC. The two mucus layers of colon are organized by the MUC2 mucin, whereas the outer layer is a legislator of hostmicrobial interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 15;108 Suppl 1:4659-65.

773. Antunes MB, Gudis DA, Cohen NA. Epithelium, cilia, and mucus: their importance in chronic rhinosinusitis. Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. 2009 Nov;29(4):631-43.

774. Cutting GR. Modifier genetics: cystic fibrosis. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2005;6:237-60.

775. Chen B, Antunes MB, Claire SE, Palmer JN, Chiu AG, Kennedy DW, Ta iH. Reversal of chronic rhinosinusitis-associated sinonasal ciliary dysfunction. American journal of rhinology. 2007 May-Jun;21(3):346-53.

776. Saito D, Innes A, Pletcher S. Rheologic properties of sinonasal mucus in patients with chronic sinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2010;24(1):1-5.

777. Virgin F, Zhang S, Schuster D, Azbell C, Fortenberry J, Sorscher EJ, Ta iH. The bioflavonoid compound, sinupret, stimulates transepithelial chloride transport in vitro and in vivo. The Laryngoscope. 2010 May;120(5):1051-6.

778. Azbell C, Zhang S, Skinner D, Fortenberry J, Sorscher EJ, Woodworth BA. Hesperidin stimulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated chloride secretion and ciliary beat frequency in sinonasal epithelium. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 Sep;143(3):397-404.

779. Zhang S, Smith N, Schuster D, Azbell C, Sorscher EJ, Rowe SM, Ta iH. Quercertin increases cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated chloride transport and ciliary beat frequency: Therapeutic implications for chronic rhinosinusitis. American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy. 2011;25(5):307-12.

780. Zuckerman JD, Lee WY, DelGaudio JM, Moore CE, Nava P, Nusrat A, Ta iH. Pathophysiology of nasal polyposis: the role of desmosomal junctions. American journal of rhinology. 2008 Nov- Dec;22(6):589-97.

781. Rogers G, Beste, K.E. H, Parkos CA, Nusrat A, DelGaudio JM, Ta iH. Epithelial tight junction alterations in nasal polyposis. International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2011;1(1):50-4.

782. Richer SL, Truong-Tran AQ, Conley DB, Carter R, Vermylen D, Grammer LC, Ta iH. Epithelial genes in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. American journal of rhinology. 2008 May-Jun;22(3):228-34.

783. Descargues P, Deraison C, Bonnart C, Kreft M, Kishibe M, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Ta iH. Spink5-deficient mice mimic Netherton syndrome through degradation of desmoglein 1 by epidermal protease hyper activity. Na t Genet . 2005 Jan;37(1):56-65.

784. Dejima K, Randell SH, Stutts MJ, Senior BA, Boucher RC. Potential role of abnormal ion transport in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis. Archives of otolaryngology—head & neck surgery. 2006 Dec;132(12):1352-62.

785. Bernstein JM, Yankaskas JR. Increased ion transport in cultured nasal polyp epithelial cells. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1994 Sep;120(9):993-6.

786. Bernstein JM, Gor fien J, Noble B, Yankaskas JR. Nasal polypos is : immunohistochemistry and bioelectrical f indings ( a hypothes i s for the development of nasal polyps). The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1997 Feb;99(2):165-75.

787. Schleimer RP, Kato A, Kern R, Kuperman D, Avila PC. Epithelium: at the interface of innate and adaptive immune responses. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2007 Dec;120(6):1279-84.

788. Schleimer RP, Lane AP, Kim J. Innate and acquired immunity and epithelial cell function in chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2007;20:51-78.

789. Sha Q, Truong-Tran AQ, Plitt JR, Beck LA, Schleimer RP. Activation of airway epithelial cells by toll-like receptor agonists. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2004 Sep;31(3):358-64.

790. Lane AP, Truong-Tran QA, Myers A, Bickel C, Schleimer RP. Serum amyloid A, properdin, complement 3, and toll-like receptors are expressed locally in human sinonasal tissue. American journal of rhinology. 2006;20(1):117-23.

791. Lane AP, Truong-Tran QA, Schleimer RP. Altered expression of genes associated with innate immunity and inflammation in recalcitrant rhinosinusitis with polyps. American journal of rhinology. 2006;20(2):138-44.

792. Bianchi ME, Manfredi AA. Immunology. Dangers in and out. Science (New York, NY). 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1683-4.

793. Iwasak i A, Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol. 2004 Oct;5(10):987-95.

794. Vroling AB, Fokkens WJ, van Drunen CM. How epithelial cells detect danger: aiding the immune response. Allergy. 2008 Sep;63(9):1110-23.

795. Kato A, Schleimer RP. Be yond inflammation: airway epithelial cells are at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 2007 Dec;19(6):711-20.

796. Dong Z, Yang Z, Wang C. Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 messenger RNA in the epithelial cells of the nasal airway. American journal of rhinology. 2005 May-Jun;19(3):236-9.

797. Claeys S, Van Hoecke H, Holtappels G, Gevaert P, De Belder T, Verhasselt B, Ta iH. Nasal polyps in patients with and without cystic fibrosis: A differentiation by innate markers and inflammatory mediators. Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 2005;35(4):467-72.

798. Ramanathan M, Jr., Lee WK, Dubin MG, Lin S, Spannhake EW, Lane AP. Sinonasal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 9 is decreased in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps. American journal of rhinology. 2007 Jan- Feb;21(1):110-6.

799. Bogefors J, Rydberg C, Uddman R, Fransson M, Mansson A, Benson M, Ta iH. Nod1, Nod2 and Nalp3 receptors, new potential targets in treatment of allergic rhinitis? Allergy. 2010 Oct;65(10):1222-6.

800. Mansson A, Bogefors J, Cervin A, Uddman R, Cardell LO. NOD-like receptors in the human upper airways: a potential role in nasal polyposis. Allergy. 2011 May;66(5):621-8.

801. Ossovskaya VS, Bunnett NW. Proteaseactivated receptors: contribution to physiology and disease. Physiol Rev. 2004 Apr;84(2):579-621.

802. Hershenson MB. Proteases and Proteaseactivated receptors signalling: at the crossroads of acquired and innate immunity. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2007 Jul;37(7):963-6.

803. Rudack C, Sachse F, Albert N, Becker K, von Eiff C. Immunomodulation of nasal epithelial cells by Staphylococcus aureusderived serine proteases. J Immunol. 2009 Dec 1;183(11):7592-601.

804. Briot A, Deraison C, Lacroix M, Bonnart C, Robin A, Besson C, Ta iH. Kallikrein 5 induces atopic dermatitis-like lesions through PAR2-mediated thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in Netherton syndrome. J Exp Med. 2009 May 11;206(5):1135-47.

805. Avila PC, Schleimer RP. Airway Epithelium. In: Kay AB, Kaplan AP, Bousquet J, Holt PG, editors. Allergy and allergic diseases. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008.

806. Laudien M, Dressel S, Harder J, Glaser R. Differential expression pattern of antimicrobial peptides in nasal mucosa and secretion. Rhinology. 2011 Mar;49(1):107-11.

807. Kim ST, Cha HE, Kim DY, Han GC, Chung YS, Lee YJ, Ta m. Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is upregulated in chronic nasal inflammatory disease. Acta Otolaryngol. 2003 Jan;123(1):81-5.

808. Lee HM, Kang HJ, Woo JS, Chae SW, Lee SH, Hwang SJ. Upregulation of surfactant protein A in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2006 Feb;116(2):328-30.

809. Van Zele T, Coppieters F, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Local complement activation in nasal polyposis. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Sep;119(9):1753-8.

810. Schlosser RJ, Mulligan RM, Casey SE, Varela JC, Harvey RJ, Atkinson C. Alterations in gene expression of complement components in chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2010 Jan-Feb;24(1):21-5.

811. Lee JT, Jansen M, Yilma AN, Nguyen A, Desharnais R, Porter E. Antimicrobial lipids: novel innate defense molecules are elevated in sinus secretions of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2010 Mar-Apr;24(2):99-104.

812. Psaltis AJ, Bruhn MA, Ooi EH, Tan LW, Wormald PJ. Nasal mucosa expression of lactoferrin in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2007 Nov;117(11):2030-5.

813. Tieu DD, Peters AT, Carter RG, Suh L, Conley DB, Chandra R, Ta m. Evidence for diminished levels of epithelial psoriasin and calprotectin in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Mar;125(3):667-75.

814. Meyer JE, Harder J, Sipos B, Maune S, Kloppel G, Bartels J, Ta iH. Psoriasin (S100A7) is a principal antimicrobial peptide of the human tongue. Mucosal Immunol. 2008 May;1(3):239-43.

815. Seshadri S, Lin D, Kato A, Carter R, Suh L, Peters A, Ta iH. Reduced Expression of Antimicrobial PLUNC Proteins in Nasal Polyp Tissue. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2009;125(2):AB61.

816. Ramanathan M, Jr., Lee WK, Spannhake EW, Lane AP. Th2 cytokines associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps down-regulate the antimicrobial immune function of human sinonasal epithelial cells. American journal of rhinology. 2008 Mar-Apr;22(2):115-21.

817. Wolk K, Kunz S, Witte E, Friedrich M, Asadullah K, Sabat R. IL-22 increases the innate immunity of tissues. Immunity. 2004 Aug;21(2):241-54.

818. Wolk K, Witte E, Wallace E, Docke WD, Kunz S, Asadullah K, Ta iH. IL-22 regulates the expression of genes responsible for antimicrobial defense, cellular differentiation, and mobility in keratinocytes: a potential role in psoriasis. Eur J Immunol. 2006 May;36(5):1309-23.

819. Pickert G, Neufert C, Leppkes M, Zheng Y, Wittkopf N, Warntjen M, Ta iH. STAT3 links IL- 22 signaling in intestinal epithelial cells to mucosal wound healing. J Exp Med. 2009 Jul 6;206(7):1465-72.

820. Aujla SJ, Chan YR, Zheng M, Fei M, Askew DJ, Pociask DA, Ta iH. IL-22 mediates mucosal host defense against Gramnegative bacterial pneumonia. Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):275-81.

821. Hulse K, Norton J, Harris K, Conley D, Chandra R, Kern R, Ta iH. Epithelial STAT3 activation is associated with expression of the antimicrobial peptide S100A7. J Immunol 2010 184(14).

822. Aujla SJ, Kolls JK. IL-22: a critical mediator in mucosal host defense. J Mol Med. 2009 May;87(5):451-4.

823. Ramanathan M, Jr., Spannhake EW, Lane AP. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is associated with decreased expression of mucosal interleukin 22 receptor. The Laryngoscope. 2007 0ct;117(10):1839-43.

824. Kowalsk i ML, Lewandowsk a-Polak A, Wozniak J, Ptasinska A, Jankowski A, Wagrowska- Danilewicz M, Ta iH. Association of stem cell factor expression in nasal polyp epithelial cells with aspirin sensitivity and asthma. Allergy. 2005;60(5):631-7.

825. Nishi Y, Takeno S, Ishino T, Hirakawa K. Glucocorticoids suppress NF-kappaB activation induced by LPS and PGN in paranasal sinus epithelial cells. Rhinology. 2009 Dec;47(4):413-8.

826. Lu X, Zhang XH, Wang H, Long XB, You XJ, Gao QX, Ta iH. Expression of osteopontin in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Allergy. 2009 Jan;64(1):104-11.

827. Hammad H, Lambrecht BN. Dendritic cells and epithelial cells: linking innate and adaptive immunity in asthma. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Mar;8(3):193-204.

828. Watanabe K, Shirasaki H, Kanaizumi E, Himi T. Effects of glucocorticoids on infiltrating cells and epithelial cells of nasal polyps. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2004 Jun;113(6):465-73.

829. Schaefer D, Meyer JE, Pods R, Pethe W, Hedderich J, Schmidt C, Ta iH. Endothelial and epithelial expression of eotaxin-2 (CCL24) in nasal polyps. International Archives of Allergy & Immunology. 2006;140(3):205-14.

830. Basinski TM, Holzmann D, Eiwegger T, Zimmermann M, Klunker S, Meyer N, Ta iH. Dual nature of T cell-epithelium interaction in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2009 Jul;124(1):74-80 e1-8.

831. Damm M, Quante G, Rosenbohm J, Rieckmann R. Proinflammatory effects of Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin B on nasal epithelial cells. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology- He ad and Ne c k Surge r y. 2006 Feb;134(2):245-9.

832. Peterson S, Poposk i JA, Nagarkar DR, Chustz RT, Peters AT, Suh LA, Ta iH. Increased expression of CC chemokine ligand 18 in patients with chronic rhinos inus i t i s wi th nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011 Sep 22.

833. Mulligan JK, Mulligan RM, Atkinson C, Schlosser RJ. Human sinonasal epithelial cells direct dendritic function and T-cell T helper 1/T helper 2 skewing following Aspergillus exposure. International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2011;1(4):268-74.

834. Bulek K, Swaidani S, Aronica M, Li X. Epithelium: the interplay between innate and Th2 immunity. Immunol Cell Biol. 2010 Mar-Apr;88(3):257-68.

835. Allakhverdi Z, Comeau MR, Smith DE, Toy D, Endam LM, Desrosiers M, Ta iH. CD34+ hemopoietic progenitor cells are potent effectors of allergic inflammation. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2009 Feb;123(2):472-8.

836. Nonak a M, Fukumoto A, Ogihara N, Sakanushi A, Pawankar R, Yagi T. Synergistic induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin by tumor necrosis factor alpha and Th2 cytokine in nasal polyp fibroblasts. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2010 Jan-Feb;24(1):e14-8.

837. Liu T, Li TL, Zhao F, Xie C, Liu AM, Che X, Ta iH. Role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. Am J Med Sci. 2011 Jan;341(1):40-7.

838. Kimura S, Pawankar R, Mori S, Nonaka M, Masuno S, Yagi T, Ta iH. Increased expression and role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in nasal polyposis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2011 Jul;3(3):186-93.

839. Reh DD, Wang Y, Ramanathan M, Jr., Lane AP. Treatment-recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps is associated with altered epithelial cell expression of interleukin-33. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2010 Mar-Apr;24(2):105-9.

840. Buysschaert ID, Grulois V, Eloy P, Jorissen M, Rombaux P, Bertrand B, Ta iH. Genetic evidence for a role of IL33 in nasal polyposis. Allergy. 2010 May;65(5):616-22.

841. Mullol J, Roca-Ferrer J, Alobid I, Pujols L, Valero A, Xaubet A, Ta iH. Effect of desloratadine on epithelial cell granulocyte-macrophage colonys t imulat ing factor secret ion and eos inophi l sur vival. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2006 Jan;36(1):52-8.

842. Sachse F, Becker K, Basel TJ, Weiss D, Rudack C. IKK-2 inhibitor TPCA-1 represses nasal epithelial inflammation in vitro. Rhinology. 2011 Jun;49(2):168-73.

843. Schleimer RP. Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation but spare innate immune responses in ai rway epithelium. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. 2004;1(3):222-30.

844. Bobic S, van Drunen CM, Callebaut I, Hox V, Jorissen M, Fokkens WJ, Ta IH. Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of freshly isolated human nasal epithelial cells concomitant with abrogation of IL-8 production. Rhinology. 2010 Dec;48(4):401-7.

845. Li N, Hao M, Phalen RF, Hinds WC, Nel AE. Particulate air pollutants and asthma. A paradigm for the role of oxidative stress in PM-induced adverse health effects. Clin Immunol. 2003 Dec;109(3):250-65.

846. Lundberg JO, Farkas-Szallasi T, Weitzberg E, Rinder J, Lidholm J, Anggaard A, Ta IH. High nitric oxide production in human paranasal sinuses. Nat Med. 1995 Apr;1(4):370-3.

847. Lindberg S, Cervin A, Runer T. Low levels of nasal nitric oxide (NO) correlate to impaired mucociliary function in the upper airways. Acta Otolaryngol. 1997 Sep;117(5):728-34.

848. Lindberg S, Cervin A, Runer T. Nitric oxide (NO) production in the upper airways is decreased in chronic sinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol. 1997 Jan;117(1):113-7.

849. Colantonio D, Brouillette L, Parikh A, Scadding GK. Paradoxical low nasal nitric oxide in nasal polyposis. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 May;32(5):698-701.

850. Ragab SM, Lund VJ, Saleh HA, Scadding G. Nasal nitric oxide in objective evaluation of chronic rhinosinusitis therapy. Allergy. 2006 Jun;61(6):717-24.

851. Phillips PS, Sacks R, Marcells GN, Cohen NA, Harvey RJ. Nasal nitric oxide and sinonasal disease: a systematic review of published evidence. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-He ad and Ne c k Surge r y. 2 0 1 1 Feb;144(2):159-69.

852. Cannady SB, Batra PS, Leahy R, Citardi MJ, Janocha A, Ricci K, Ta IH. Signal transduction and oxidative processes in sinonasal polyposis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2007 Dec;120(6):1346-53.

853. Cardell LO. The paranasal sinuses and a unique role in airway nitric oxide production? Amer ican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2002 Jul 15;166(2):131-2.

854. Jardeleza c, Foreman A, Baker L, Paramasivan S, Field J, Tan LW, Ta IH. The effects of nitric oxide on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm growth and its implications in chronic rhinosinusitis. International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2011:1-7.

855. Kirihene R, Rees G, Wormald PJ. The influence of the size of the maxillary sinus ostium on the nasal and sinus nitric oxide levels. American journal of rhinology. 2002;16:261-4.

856. Haas N, Hamann K, Grabbe J, Niehus J, Kunkel G, Kolde G, Ta IH. Demonstration of the high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI) on Langerhans' cells of diseased nasal mucosa. Allergy. 1997 Apr;52(4):436-9.

857. Reinartz SM, van Tongeren J, van Egmond D, de Groot EJJ. Dendritic cells in nasal mucosa of subjects with different allergic sensitizations. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2011:1-3.

858. Rampey AM, Lathers DM, Woodworth BA, Schlosser RJ. Immunolocalization of dendritic cells and pattern recognition receptors in chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2007 Jan-Feb;21(1):117-21.

859. Kirsche H, Niederfuhr A, Deutschle T, Fuchs C, Riechelmann H. Ratio of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells and TH2 skew in CRS with nasal polyps. Allergy. 2010 Jan;65(1):24-31.

860. Ayers CM, Schlosser RJ, O'Connel BP, Atkinson C, Mulligan RM, Casey SE, Ta IH. Increased presence of dendritic cells and dendritic cell chemokines in the sinus mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2011;1(4):296-302.

861. Martinez FO, Helming L, Gordon S. Alternative activation of macrophages: an immunologic functional perspective. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:451-83.

862. Sobol SE, Chr i s todoulopoulos P, Manoukian JJ, Hauber HP, Frenkiel S, Desrosiers M, Ta iH. Cytokine profile of chronic sinusitis in patients with cystic fibrosis. Archives of otolaryngology—head & neck surgery. 2002 Nov;128(11):1295-8.

863. Claeys S, Be Belder T, Holtappels G, Gevaert P, Verhasselt B, Van Cauwenberge P, Ta iH. Macrophage mannose receptor in chronic sinus disease. Allergy. 2004;59(6):606-12.

864. Lee JJ, Jacobsen EA, McGarry MP, Schleimer RP, Lee NA. Eosinophils in health and disease: the LIAR hypothesis. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2010 Apr;40(4):563-75.

865. Harlin SL, Ansel DG, Lane SR, Myers J, Kephart GM, Gleich GJ. A clinical and pathologic study of chronic sinusitis: the role of the eosinophil. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1988 May;81(5 Pt 1):867-75.

866. Jankowski R, Bouchoua F, Coffinet L, Vignaud JM. Clinical factors influencing the eosinophil infiltration of nasal polyps. Rhinology. 2002 Dec;40(4):173-8.

867. Bhattacharyya N, Vyas DK, Fechner FP, Gliklich RE, Metson R. Tissue eosinophilia in chronic sinusitis: quantification techniques. Archives of otolaryngology- - head & neck surgery . 2001 Sep;127(9):1102-5.

868. Szucs E, Ravandi S, Goossens A, Beel M, Clement PA. Eosinophilia in the ethmoid mucosa and its relationship to the severity of inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2002 May-Jun;16(3):131-4.

869. Bacher t C, Gevaer t P, Howar th P, Holtappels G, van Cauwenberge P, Johansson SG. IgE to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in serum is related to severity of asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2003 May;111(5):1131-2.

870. Soler Z, Sauer D, Mace J, Smith T. Relationship between clinical measures and histopathologic findings in chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2009(141):454-61.

871. Oppenheimer EH, Rosens tein BJ. Differential pathology of nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis and atopy. Lab Invest. 1979 Apr;40(4):445-9.

872. Jankowski R, Bene MC, Moneret-Vautrin AD, Haas F, Faure G, Simon C, Ta iH. Immunohistological characteristics of nasal polyps. A comparison with healthy mucosa and chronic sinusitis. Rhinol Suppl. 1989;8:51-8.

873. Rudack C, Sachse F, Alberty J. Chronic rhinosinusitis - Need for fur ther classification? Inflammation Research. 2004;53(3):111-7.

874. Polzehl D, Moeller P, Riechelmann H, Perner S. Distinct features of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Allergy. 2006 Nov;61(11):1275-9.

875. Zhang N, Holtappels G, Claeys C, Huang G, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Pattern of inflammation and impact of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in nasal polyps from southern China. American journal of rhinology. 2006 Jul-Aug;20(4):445-50.

876. Kim JW, Hong SL, Kim YK, Lee CH, Min YG, Rhee CS. Histological and immunological features of non-eosinophilic nasal polyps. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2007 Dec;137(6):925-30.

877. Cao PP, Li HB, Wang BF, Wang SB, You XJ, Cui YH, Ta iH. Distinct immunopathologic characteristics of various types of chronic rhinosinusitis in adult Chinese. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2009 Jun 19.

878. Matsuwaki Y, Ookushi T, Asaka D, Mori E, Nakajima T, Yoshida T, Ta iH. Chronic rhinosinusitis: risk factors for the recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis based on 5-year follow- up after endoscopic sinus surgery. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2008;146 Suppl 1:77-81.

879. Soler ZM, Sauer D, Mace J, Smith TL. Impact of mucosal eosinophilia and nasal polyposis on quality-of-life outcomes after sinus surgery. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 Jan;142(1):64-71.

880. Schleimer R, Kato A, Kern RC. "Eosinophils in CRS". Eosinophils in Health and Disease2011

881. Combadiere C, Ahuja SK, Tiffany HL, Murphy PM. Cloning and functional expression of CC CKR5, a human monocyte CC chemokine receptor selective for MIP-1 (alpha), MIP- 1(beta), and RANTES. J Leukoc Biol. 1996 Jul;60(1):147-52.

882. Daugherty BL, Siciliano SJ, DeMartino JA, Malkowitz L, Sirotina A, Springer MS. Cloning, expression, and characterization of the human eosinophil eotaxin receptor. J Exp Med. 1996 May 1;183(5):2349-54.

883. Beck LA, Stellato C, Beall LD, Schall TJ, Leopold D, Bickel CA, Ta iH. Detection of the chemokine RANTES and endothelial adhesion molecules in nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1996 0ct;98(4):766-80.

884. Allen JS, Eisma R, LaFreniere D, Leonard G, Kreutzer D. Characterization of the eosinophil chemokine RANTES in nasal polyps. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 1998 May;107(5 Pt 1):416-20.

885. Meyer JE, Bartels J, Gorogh T, Sticherling M, Rudack C, Ross DA, Ta iH. The role of RANTES in nasal polyposis. American journal of rhinology. 2005;19(1):15-20.

886. Bartels J, Maune S, Meyer JE, Kulke R, Schluter C, Rowert J, Ta iH. Increased eotaxin- mRNA expression in non-atopic and atopic nasal polyps: comparison to RANTES and MCP- 3 expression. Rhinology. 1997 Dec;35(4):171-4.

887. Jahnsen FL, Haye R, Gran E, Brandtzaeg P, Johansen FE. Glucocorticosteroids inhibit mRNA expression for eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and monocyte-chemotactic protein-4 in human airway inflammation with eosinophilia. J Immunol. 1999 Aug 1;163(3):1545-51.

888. Shin SH, Park JY, Jeon CH, Choi JK, Lee SH. Quantitative analysis of eotaxin and RANTES messenger RNA in nasal polyps: association of tissue and nasal eosinophils. The Laryngoscope. 2000 Aug;110(8):1353-7.

889. Molinaro RJ, Bernstein JM, Koury ST. Localization and quantitation of eotaxin mRNA in human nasal polyps. Immunol Invest. 2003 Aug;32(3):143-54.

890. Olze H, Forster U, Zuberbier T, Morawietz L, Luger EO. Eosinophilic nasal polyps are a rich source of eotaxin, eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3. Rhinology. 2006;44(2):145-50.

891. Yao T, Kojima Y, Koyanagi A, Yokoi H, Saito T, Kawano K, Ta iH. Eotaxin-1, -2, and -3 immunoreactivity and protein concentration in the nasal polyps of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The Lar yngoscope. 2009 Jun;119(6):1053-9.

892. Matsukura S, Stellato C, Plitt JR, Bickel C, Miura K, Georas SN, Ta iH. Activation of eotaxin gene transcription by NF-kappa B and STAT6 in human airway epithelial cells. J Immunol. 1999 Dec 15;163(12):6876-83.

893. Kuperman DA, Schleimer RP. Interleukin-4, interleukin-13, signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6, and allergic asthma. Curr Mol Med. 2008 Aug;8(5):384-92.

894. Ying S, Meng Q, Taborda-Barata L, Corrigan CJ, Barkans J, Assoufi B, Ta iH. Human eosinophils express messenger RNA encoding RANTES and store and release biologically active RANTES protein. Eur J Immunol. 1996;26:70-6.

895. Denburg JA, Otsuka H, Ohnisi M, Ruhno J, Bienenstock J, Dolovich J. Contribution of basophil/mast cell and eosinophil growth and differentiation to the allergic tissue inflammatory response. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1987;82(3-4):321-6.

896. Ohnishi M, Ruhno J, Bienenstock J, Milner R, Dolovich J, Denburg JA. Human nasal polyp epithelial basophil/mast cell and eosinophil colony-stimulating activity. The effect is T-cell- dependent. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Sep;138(3):560-4.

897. Park HS, Jung KS, Shute J, Roberts K, Holgate ST, Djukanovic R. Allergeninduced release of GM-CSF and IL-8 in vitro by nasal polyp tissue from atopic subjects prolongs eosinophil survival. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 1997 Jul;10(7):1476-82.

898. Gauldie J, Cox G, Jordana M, Ohno I, Kirpalani H. Growth and colonystimulating factors mediate eosinophil fibroblast interactions in chronic airway inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 May 28;725:83-90.

899. Xaubet A, Mullol J, Lopez E, Roca-Ferrer J, Rozman M, Carrion T, Ta IH. Comparison of the role of nasal polyp and normal nasal mucosal epithelial cells on in vitro eosinophil survival. Mediation by GM-CSF and inhibition by dexamethasone. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. [Comparative Study In Vitro Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. 1994 Apr;24(4):307-17.

900. Bachert C, Wagenmann M, Hauser U, Rudack C. IL-5 synthesis is upregulated in human nasal polyp tissue. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1997;99:837-42.

901. Simon HU, Yousefi S, Schranz C, Schapowal A, Bachert C, Blaser K. Direct demonstration of delayed eosinophil apoptosis as a mechanism causing tissue eosinophilia. J Immunol. 1997 Apr 15;158(8):3902-8.

902. Hamilos DL, Leung DY, Huston DP, Kamil A, Wood R, Hamid Q. GM-CSF, IL-5 and RANTES immunoreactivity and mRNA expression in chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (NP). Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1998 Sep;28(9):1145-52.

903. Lamblin C, Bolard F, Gosset P, Tsicopoulos A, Perez T, Darras J, Ta IH. Bronchial interleukin-5 and eotaxin expression in nasal polypos i s. Relationship with ( a ) symptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2001 Apr;163(5):1226-32.

904. Bachert C, Wagenmann M, Rudack C, Hopken K, Hillebrandt M, Wang D, Ta IH. The role of cytokines in infectious sinusitis and nasal polyposis. Allergy. 1998 Jan;53(1):2-13.

905. Wagenmann M, Helmig P. Increased production of type-2 and type-1 cytokines in nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2000;105:S210.

906. Beck LA, Schall TJ, Beall LD, Leopold D, Bickel C, Baroody F, Ta IH. Detection of the chemokine RANTES and activation of vascular endothelium in nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1994;93:A234.

907. Jahnsen FL, Haraldsen G, Aanesen JP, Haye R, Brandtzaeg P. Eosinophil infiltration is related to increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in nasal polyps. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1995 Jun;12(6):624-32.

908. Hamilos DL, Leung DY, Wood R, Bean DK, Song YL, Schotman E, Ta IH. Eosinophil infiltration in nonallergic chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CHS/NP) is associated with endothelial VCAM-1 upregulation and expression of TNF-alpha. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1996 Oct;15(4):443-50.

909. Corsi MM, Pagani D, Dogliotti G, Perona F, Sambataro G, Pignataro L. Protein biochip array of adhesion molecule expression in peripheral blood of patients with nasal polyposis. Int J Biol Markers. 2008;23:115-20.

910. Eweiss A, Dogheim Y, Hassab M, Tayel H, Hammad Z. VCAM-1 and eosinophilia in diffuse sino-nasal polyps. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2009 Mar;266(3):377-83.

911. Symon FA, Walsh GM, Watson SR, Wardlaw AJ. Eosinophil adhesion to nasal polyp endothelium is P-selectin-dependent. J Exp Med. 1994 Jul 1;180(1):371-6.

912. Toppila-Salmi SK, Myller JP, Torkkeli TVM, Muhonen JV, Renkonen JA, Rautiainen ME, Ta IH. Endothelial L-selectin ligands in sinus mucosa during chronic maxillary rhinosinusitis. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine. 2005;171(12):1350-7.

913. Tan BK, Schleimer RP, Kern RC. Perspectives on the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2010 Feb;18(1):21-6.

914. Perez-Novo CA, Claeys C, Van Zele T, Holtapples G, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Eicosanoid metabolism and eosinophilic inflammation in nasal polyp patients with immune response to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. American journal of rhinology. 2006 Jul- Aug;20(4):456-60.

915. Perez -Novo CA, Claeys C, Va n Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Expression of eicosanoid receptors subtypes and eosinophilic inflammation: implication on chronic rhinosinusitis. Respir Res. 2006;7:75.

916. Bernardes JF, Shan J, Tewfik M, Hamid Q, Frenkiel S, Eidelman DH. Protein nitration in chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis: Role of eosinophils. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. 2004;131(5):696-703.

917. Bachert C, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Cuvelier C, van Cauwenberge P. Nasal polyposis: from cytokines to growth. American journal of rhinology. 2000 Sep-Oct;14(5):279-90.

918. Abu-Ghazaleh RI, Fujisawa T, Mestecky J, Kyle RA, Gleich GJ. IgA-induced eosinophil degranulation. J Immunol. 1989 Apr 1;142(7):2393-400.

919. Pleass RJ, Lang ML, Kerr MA, Woof JM. IgA is a more potent inducer of NADPH oxidase activation and degranulation in blood eosinophils than IgE. Mol Immunol. 2007 Feb;44(6):1401-8.

920. Bartemes KR, Cooper KM, Drain KL, Kita H. Secretory IgA induces antigenindependent eosinophil survival and cytokine production without inducing effector functions. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2005 Oct;116(4):827-35.

921. Van Zele T, Gevaer t P, Holtappels G, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Local immunoglobulin production in nasal polyposis is modulated by superantigens. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2007 Dec;37(12):1840-7.

922. Laitinen LA, Laitinen L. Structural and cellular changes in asthma. Eur Respir Rev. 1994;4:348-51.

923. Flood-Page P, Menzies-Gow A, Phipps S, Ying S, Wangoo A, Ludwig MS, та ін. Anti-IL-5 treatment reduces deposition of ECM proteins in the bronchial subepithelial basement membrane of mild atopic asthmatics. J Clin Invest. 2003 Oct;112(7):1029-36.

924. Ohno I, Nitta Y, Yamauchi K, Hoshi H, Honma M, Woolley K, та ін. Eosinophils as a potential source of platelet-derived growth factor B-chain (PDGF-B) in nasal polyposis and bronchial asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1995 Dec;13(6):639-47.

925. Ohno I, Nitta Y, Yamauchi K, Hoshi H, Honma M, Woolley K, та ін. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) gene expression by eosinophils in asthmatic airway inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1996;15:404-9.

926. Elovic A, Wong DT, Weller PF, Matossian K, Galli SJ. Expression of transforming growth factors-alpha and beta 1 mes senger RNA and product by eosinophils in nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1994;93:864-9.

927. Schleimer RP, Bochner BS. The effects of glucocorticoids on human eosinophils. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1994;94:1202-13.

928. Van Zele T, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Beule A, Wormald PJ, Mayr S, та ін. Oral steroids and doxycycline: two different approaches to treat nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010;125(5):1069-76.e4.

929. Gevaert P, Bachert C, Holtappels G, Novo CP, Van der Heyden J, Fransen L, та ін. Enhanced soluable interleukin-5 receptor alpha expression in nasal polyposis. Allergy. 2003;58:371-9.

930. Gevaert P, Hellman C, Lundblad L, Lundahl J, Holtappels G, van Cauwenberge P, та ін. Differential expression of the interleukin 5 receptor alpha isoforms in blood and tissue eosinophils of nasal polyp patients. Allergy. 2009 May;64(5):725-32.

931. Gevaert P, Lang-Loidolt D, Lackner A, Stammberger H, Staudinger H, Van Zele T, та ін. Nasal IL-5 levels determine the response to anti-IL-5 treatment in patients with nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2006 Nov;118(5):1133-41.

932. Gevaert P, Van Bruaene N, Cattaert T, Van Steen K, Van Zele T, Acke F, та ін. Mepolizumab, a humanized anti-IL-5 mAb, as a treatment option for severe nasal polyposis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011 Sep 27.

933. Allen JS, Eisma R, Leonard G, Lafreniere D, Kreutzer D. Interleukin-8 expression in human nasal polyps. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology- He ad and Ne c k Surge r y. 1 9 9 7 Nov;117(5):535-41.

934. Chen YS, Arab SF, Westhofen M, Lorenzen J. Expression of interleukin-5, interleukin-8, and interleukin-10 mRNA in the osteomeatal complex in nasal polyposis. American journal of rhinology. 2005;19(2):117-23.

935. Ural A, Tezer MS, Yucel A, Atilla H, Ileri F. Interleukin-4, interleukin-8 and E-selectin levels in intranasal polyposis patients with and without allergy: a comparative study. J Int Med Res. 2006 Sep-Oct;34(5):520-4.

936. Huvenne W, van Bruaene N, Zhang N, van Zele T, Patou J, Gevaert P, та ін. Chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps: what is the difference? Current allergy and asthma reports. 2009 May;9(3):213-20.

937. Mantovani A, Cassatella MA, Costantini C, Jai l lon S. Neut rophi l s in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(8):519-31.

938. Weathington NM, van Houwelingen AH, Noerager BD, Jackson PL, Kraneveld AD, Galin FS, та ін. A novel peptide CXCR ligand derived from extracellular matrix degradation during airway inflammation. Nat Med. 2006 Mar;12(3):317-23.

939. Snelgrove RJ, Jackson PL, Hardison MT, Noerager BD, Kinloch A, Gaggar A, та ін. A critical role for LTA4H in limiting chronic pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. Science (New York, NY ). 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):90-4.

940. Stone KD, Prussin C, Metcalfe DD. IgE, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Feb;125(2 Suppl 2):S73-80.

941. Balzar S, Strand M, Rhodes D, Wenzel SE. IgE expression pattern in lung: relation to systemic IgE and asthma phenotypes. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2007 Apr;119(4):855-62.

942. Pawankar R, Lee KH, Nonaka M, Takizawa R. Role of mast cells and basophils in chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2007;20:93-101.

943. Xue L, Gyles SL, Wettey FR, Gazi L, Townsend E, Hunter MG, та ін. Prostaglandin D2 causes preferential induction of proinflammatory Th2 cytokine production through an action on chemoattractant receptor-like molecule expressed on Th2 cells. J Immunol. 2005 Nov 15;175(10):6531-6.

944. Kramer MF, Burow G, Pfrogner E, Rasp G. In vitro diagnosis of chronic nasal inflammation. Clinical & Experimental Allergy . [Conference Paper ] . 2004;34(7):1086-92.

945. Ruhno J, Howie K, Anderson M, Andersson B, Vanzieleghem M, Hitch D, та ін. The increased number of epithelial mast cells in nasal polyps and adjacent turbinates is not allergy-dependent. Allergy. 1990 Jul;45(5):370-4.

946. Otsuka H, Ohkubo K, Seki H, Ohnishi M, Fujikura T. Mast cell quantitation in nasal polyps, sinus mucosa and nasal turbinate mucosa. J Laryngol Otol. 1993 May;107(5):418-22.

947. Drake-Lee AB, Chevreton E, Lowe D. The effects of different fixations on the distribution and numbers of mast cells in patients with nasal polyps. J Laryngol Otol. 1988 Dec;102(12):1099-101.

948. Kitapci F, Muluk NB, Atasoy P, Koc C. Role of mast and goblet cells in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. Journal of Otolaryngology. 2006;35(2):122-32.

949. Patou J, Holtappels G, Affleck K, Gevaert P, Perez-Novo C, Van Cauwenberge P, та ін. Enhanced release of IgE-dependent early phase mediators from nasal polyp tissue. J Inflamm (Lond). 2009;6:11.

950. Patou J, Holtappels G, Affleck K, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Syk-kinase inhibition prevents mast cell activation in nasal polyps. Rhinology. 2011 Mar;49(1):100-6.

951. Cerutti A, Chen K, Chor ny A. Immunoglobulin responses at the mucosal interface. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011 Apr 23;29:273-93.

952. Chen K, Cerutti A. New insights into the enigma of immunoglobulin D. Immunological Reviews. 2010;237:160-79.

953. Chen K, Xu W, Wilson M, He B, Miller NW, Bengten E, та ін. Immunoglobulin D enhances immune surveillance by activating antimicrobial, proinflammatory and B cell - stimulating programs in basophils. Nat Immunol. 2009 Aug;10(8):889-98.

954. Karasuyama H, Mukai K, Tsujimura Y, Obata K. Newly discovered roles for basophils: a neglected minority gains new respect. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Jan;9(1):9-13.

955. Mechtcher iakova D, Sobanov Y, Holtappels G, Bajna E, Svoboda M, Jaritz M, та ін. Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID)-Associated Multigene Signature to Assess Impact of AID in Etiology of Diseases with Inflammatory Component. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(10):1-12.

956. Morinaka S, Nakamura H. Inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa and nasal polyps Auris Nasus Larynx. 2000;27:59-64.

957. Sabirov A, Hamilton RG, Jacobs JB, Hillman DE, Lebowitz RA, Watts JD. Role of local immunoglobulin E specific for Alternaria alternata in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. The Laryngoscope. 2008 Jan;118(1):4-9.

958. Smurthwaite L, Walker SN, Wilson DR, Birch DS, Merrett TG, Durham SR, та ін. Persistent IgE synthesis in the nasal mucosa of hay fever patients. Eur J Immunol. 2001 Dec;31(12):3422-31.

959. Smurthwaite L, Durham SR. Local IgE synthesis in allergic rhinitis and asthma. Current allergy and asthma reports. 2002 May;2(3):231-8.

960. Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Johansson SGO, Cuvelier C, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Organization of secondary lymphoid tissue and local IgE formation to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in nasal polyp tissue. Allergy. 2005;60(1):71-9.

961. Zhang Y, Endam LM, Filali-Mouhim A, Bosse Y, Castano R, Desrosiers M. Polymorphisms in the nitric oxide synthase 1 gene are associated with severe chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2011 Mar-Apr;25(2):e49-54.

962. Verbruggen K, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Anti-IgE for the treatment of allergic rhinitis--and eventually nasal polyps? Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009;148(2):87-98.

963. Pinto JM, Mehta N, DiTineo M, Wang J, Baroody FM, Naclerio RM. A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of anti-IgE for chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2010 Sep;48(3):318-24.

964. Mackay F, Woodcock SA, Lawton P, Ambrose C, Baetscher M, Schneider P, та ін. Mice transgenic for BAFF develop lymphocytic disorders along with autoimmune manifestations. J Exp Med.1999 Dec 6;190(11):1697-710.

965. Mygind N, Dahl R, Bachert C. Nasal polypos i s, eos inophi l dominated inflammation, and allergy. Thorax. 2000 Oct;55 Suppl 2:S79-83.

966. Sokol CL, Chu NQ, Yu S, Nish SA, Laufer TM, Medzhitov R. Basophils function as antigenpresenting cells for an allergeninduced T helper type 2 response. Nat Immunol. 2009 Jul;10(7):713-20.

967. Miller SA, Weinmann AS. Common themes emerge in the transcriptional control of T helper and developmental cell fate decisions regulated by the T-box, GATA and ROR families. Immunology. 2009 Mar;126(3):306-15.

968. Zhu J, Yamane H, Paul WE. Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations (*). Annu Rev Immunol. 2010 Mar;28:445-89.

969. Miller LS, Cho JS. Immunity against Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous infections. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Aug;11(8):505-18.

970. Spits H, Di Santo JP. The expanding fami ly of innate lymphoid cel l s : regulators and effectors of immunity and tissue remodeling. Nat Immunol. 2011 Jan;12(1):21-7.

971. Neill DR, Wong SH, Bellosi A, Flynn RJ, Daly M, Langford TK, Ta iH. Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity. Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1367-70.

972. Saenz SA, Siracusa MC, Perrigoue JG, Spencer SP, Urban JF, Jr., Tocker JE, Ta iH. IL25 elicits a multipotent progenitor cell population that promotes T(H)2 cytokine responses. Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1362-6.

973. Mjoesberg J, Trifari S, Crellin NK, Peters CP, van Drunen CM, Piet B, Ta iH. Human IL-25- and IL-33-responsive type 2 innate lymphoid cells are defined by expression of CRTH2 and CD161. Nature Immunology. 2011:1-8.

974. Allakhverdi Z, Delespesse G. Hematopoietic progenitor cells are innate Th2 cytokine-producing cells. Allergy. 2012 Jan;67(1):4-9.

975. Prussin C, Yin Y, Upadhyaya B. T(H)2 heterogeneity: Does function follow form? The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Dec;126(6):1094-8.

976. Wan YY. Multi-tasking of helper T cells. Immunology. 2010 Jun;130(2):166-71.

977. Paul WE, Zhu J. How are TH2-type immune responses ini t iated and amplified? Immunology 2010;10:225-35.

978. Paul WE. What determines Th2 differentiation, in vitro and in vivo? Immunology and Cell Biology. 2010;88:236-9.

979. Commins SP, Borish L, Steinke JW. Immunologic messenger molecules: cytokines, interferons, and chemokines. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Feb;125(2 Suppl 2):S53-72.

980. Mucida D, Salek-Ardakani S. Regulation of TH17 cells in the mucosal surfaces. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2009 May;123(5):997-1003.

981. Dubin PJ, Kolls JK. IL-17 in Cystic Fibrosis: More Than Just Th17 Cells. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2011;184:155-6.

982. Sanchez-Segura A, Brieva JA, Rodriguez C. T lymphocytes that infiltrate nasal polyps have a specialized phenotype and produce a mixed TH1/TH2 pattern of cytokines. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1998;102(6):953-60.

983. Robinson DS. The role of the T cell in asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Dec;126(6):1081-91; quiz 92-3.

984. Van Bruaene N, Perez-Novo CA, Basinski TM, Van Zele T, Holtappels G, De Ruyck N, Ta iH. T-cell regulation in chronic paranasal sinus disease. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2008 Jun;121(6):1435-41, 41 e1-3.

985. Kim TH, Lee JY, Lee HM, Lee SH, Cho WS, Ju YH, Ta iH. Remodelling of nasal mucosa in mild and severe persistent allergic rhinitis with special reference to the distribution of collagen, proteoglycans, and lymphatic vessels. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2010 Dec;40(12):1742-54.

986. Jiang XD, Li GY, Li L, Dong Z, Zhu DD. The characterization of IL-17A expression in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy. 2011;25(5):171-5.

987. Shen Y, Tang XY, Yang YC, Ke X, Kou W, Pan CK, Ta iH. Impaired balance of Th17/Treg in patients with nasal polyposis. Scand J Immunol. 2011 Aug;74(2):176-85.

988. Li CW, Shi L, Zhang KK, Li TY, Lin ZB, Lim MK, Ta iH. Role of p63/p73 in epithelial remodeling and their response to steroid treatmentin nasal polyposis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011;127(3):765-72.

989. Fan Y, Xia W, Liu W, Chen R, Li X, Xu R, Ta iH. Increased nasal IL-5 levels act as a predisposing factor of asthma in southern China. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011 May;127(5):1312-3; author reply 3-4.

990. Li X, Meng J, Qiao X, Liu Y, Liu F, Zhang N, Ta iH. Expression of TGF, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors in Chinese chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 May;125(5):1061-8.

991. Winther B, Innes DJ, Jr., Mills SE, Mygind N, Zito D, Hayden FG. Lymphocyte subsets in normal airway mucosa of the human nose. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1987 Jan;113(1):59-62.

992. Hao J, Pang YT, Wang DY. Diffuse mucosal inflammation in nasal polyps and adjacent middle turbinate. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. 2006;134(2):267-75.

993. Al-Muhsen S, Johnson JR, Hamid Q. Remodeling in asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011;128(3):451-62.

994. Rehl RM, Balla AA, Cabay RJ, Hearp ML, Pytynia KB, Joe SA. Mucosal remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2007;21(6):651-7.

995. Holgate ST. Has the time come to rethink the pathogenesis of asthma? Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2010;10:48-53.

996. Saitoh T, Kusunoki T, Yao T, Kawano K, Kojima Y, Miyahara K, Ta iH. Relationship between epithelial damage or basement membrane thickness and eosinophilic infiltration in nasal polyps with chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2009;47:275-9.

997. Kouzaki H, Seno S, Fukui J, Owaki S, Shimizu T. Role of platelet-derived growth factor in airway remodelling in rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 May- Jun;23(3):273-80.

998. Berger G, Kattan A, Bernheim J, Ophir D. Polypoid mucosa with eosinophilia and glandular hyperplasia in chronic sinusitis: a histopathological and immunohi s tochemical s tudy. The Laryngoscope. 2002 Apr;112(4):738-45.

999. Halwani R, Al-Muhsen S, Al-Jahdali H, Hamid Q. Role of TGT-Beta in airway remodeling in Asthma Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2011;44(127-33.).

1000. Van Bruaene N, Derycke L, Perez-Novo CA, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, De Ruyck N, Ta iH. TGF-ß signaling and collagen deposition in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2009;124(2):253-9.

1001. Van Bruaene N, Perez-Novo C, Van Crombruggen K, Deruyck N, Holtappels G, Van Cauwenberge P, Ta iH. Inflammation and remodelling patterns in early stage chronic rhinosinusitis. Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 2011:1-8.

1002. Araujo BB, Dolhnikoff M, Silva LF, Elliot J, Lindeman JH, Ferreira DS, Ta iH. Extracellular matrix components and regulators in the airway smooth muscle in asthma. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 2008 Jul;32(1):61-9.

1003. Lechapt-Zalcman E, Coste A, d'Ortho MP, Frisdal E, Harf A, Lafuma C, Ta iH. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in nasal polyps. J Pathol. 2001 Feb;193(2):233-41.

1004. Watelet J B, Bachert C, Claeys C, Van Cauwenberge P. Ma t r i x metalloproteinases MMP-7, MMP-9 and their tissue inhibitor TIMP-1: expression in chronic sinusitis vs nasal polyposis. Allergy. 2004 Jan;59(1):54-60.

1005. Can IH, Ceylan K, Caydere M, Samim EE, Ustun H, Karasoy DS. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2008 Aug;139(2):211-5.

1006. Hwang KS, Park IH, Choi H, Lee SH, Lee HM. Increased expression of angiogenin in nasal polyps. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2011 Jan- Feb;25(1):e23-6.

1007. Wittekindt C, Hess A, Bloch W, Sultanie S, Michel O. Immunohistochemical expression of VEGF and VEGF receptors in nasal polyps as compared to normal turbinate mucosa. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto- Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 Jul;259(6):294-8.

1008. Hu KH, Lee FP, Cheng YJ, Huang HM. Vascular endothelial growth factorand children featuring nasal polyps.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007Jan;71(1):23-8.

1009. Lee HS, Myers A, Kim J. Vascular endothelial growth factor drives autocrine epithelial cell proliferation and survival in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2009 Dec 1;180(11):1056-67.

1010. Gosepath J, Brieger J, Mann WJ. New immunohistologic findings on the differential role of cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 in nasal polyposis. American journal of rhinology. 2005;19(2):111-6.

1011. Matsune S, Kono M, Sun D, Ushikai M, Kurono Y. Hypoxia in paranasal sinuses of patients with chronic sinusitis with or without the complication of nasal allergy. Acta Otolaryngol. 2003 May;123(4):519-23.

1012. Sun D, Matsune S, Ohori J, Fukuiwa T, Ushikai M, Kurono Y. TNF-alpha and endotoxin increase hypoxia-induced VEGF production by cultured human nasal fibroblasts in synergistic fashion. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2005 Sep;32(3):243-9.

1013. Matsune S, Sun D, Ohori J, Nishimoto K, Fukuiwa T, Ushikai M, Ta IH. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor by macrolides in cultured fibroblasts from nasal polyps. The Laryngoscope. 2005 Nov;115(11):1953-6.

1014. Chien CY, Tai CF, Ho KY, Kuo WR, Chai CY, Hsu YC, Ta IH. Expression of hypoxia- inducible factor 1alpha in the nasal polyps by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-He ad and Ne c k Surge r y. 2 0 0 8 Aug;139(2):206-10.

1015. Steinke JW, Woodard CR, Borish L. Role of hypoxia in inflammatory upper airway disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Feb;8(1):16-20.

1016. Shun CT, Lin SK, Hong CY, Huang HM, Liu CM. Hypoxia induces cysteine-rich 61, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-8 expressions in human nasal polyp fibroblasts: An implication of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2011 Jan-Feb;25(1):15-8.

1017. Payne SC, Han JK, Huyett P, Negri J, Kropf EZ, Borish L, Ta IH. Microarray analysis of distinct gene transcription profiles in noneosinophilic chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps. American journal of rhinology.2008 Nov-Dec;22(6):568-81.

1018. Ahmed SK, Williams JL, Drake-Lee A, Egginton S. No significant role for angiogenesis in nasal polyposis. American journal of rhinology. 2008;22:24-8.

1019. Hudlicka O, Brown M, Egginton S. Angiogenesis in skeletall. and cardiac muscle. Physiol Rev. 1992 Apr;72(2):369-417.

1020. Shimizu S, Gabazza EC, Ogawa T, Tojima I, Hoshi E, Kouzaki H, Ta IH. Role of thrombin in chronic rhinosinusitisassociated tissue remodeling. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2011 Jan-Feb;25(1):7-11.

1021. Sejima T, Holtappels G, Bachert C. The expression of fibrinolytic components in chronic paranasal sinus disease. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2011 Jan-Feb;25(1):1-6.

1022. Lee JT, Kennedy DW, Palmer JN, Feldman M, Chiu AG. The incidence of concurrent osteitis in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a clinicopathological study. American journal of rhinology. 2006 May-Jun;20(3):278-82.

1023. Kennedy DW, Senior BA, Gannon FH, Montone KT, Hwang P, Lanza DC. Histology and histomorphometry of ethmoid bone in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 1998 Apr;108(4 Pt 1):502-7.

1024. Perl off JR, Gannon FH, Bolger WE, Montone KT, Orlandi R, Kennedy DW. Bone involvement in sinusitis: an apparent pathway for the spread of disease. The Laryngoscope. 2000 Dec;110(12):2095-9.

1025. Hamilton DW. Functional role of periostin in development and wound repair: implications for connective tissue disease. J Cell Commun Signal. 2008 Jun;2(1-2):9-17.

1026. Choi ST, Kim JH, Kang EJ, Lee SW, Park MC, Park YB, Ta IH. Osteopontin might be invovled in bone remodelling rather than in inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology. 2008;47:1775-9.

1027. Samitas K, Zer vas E, Vittorak is S, Semitekolou M, Alissafi T, Bossios A, Ta rn. Osteopontin expression and relation to disease severity in human asthma. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 2011 Feb;37(2):331-41.

1028. Daines S, Wang Y, Orlandi R. Periostin and osteopontin are overexpressed in chronical ly inf lamed s inuses . International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2011;1(2):101-5.

1029. Stankovic KM, Goldsztein H, Reh DD, Platt MP, Metson R. Gene expression profiling of nasal polyps associated with chronic sinusitis and aspirin-sensitive asthma. The Laryngoscope. 2008 May;118(5):881-9.

1030. Videler WJ, Georgalas C, Menger DJ, Freling NJ, van Drunen CM, Fokkens WJ. Osteitic bone in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2011 Jun;49(2):139-47.

1031. Martinez-Anton A, Roca-Ferrer J, Mullol J. Mucin gene expression in rhinitis syndromes. Current Allergy & Asthma Reports. [Review]. 2006;6(3):189-97.

1032. Martinez-Anton A, de Bolos C, Garrido M, Roca-Ferrer J, Barranco C, Alobid I, Ta iH. Mucin genes have different expression patterns in healthy and diseased upper airway mucosa. Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 2006;36:448-57.

1033. Kanoh S, Tanabe T, Rubin BK. IL-13- induced MUC5AC production and goblet cell differentiation is steroid resistant in human airway cells. Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 2011:1-10.

1034. Malekzadeh S, McGuire JF. The new histologic classification of chronic rhinosinusitis. Current Allergy & Asthma Reports. [Review]. 2003;3(3):221-6.

1035. Ding GQ, Zheng CQ. The expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B mucin genes in the mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. American journal of rhinology. 2007 May- Jun;21(3):359-66.

1036. Kim DH, Chu HS, Lee JY, Hwang SJ, Lee SH, Lee HM. Up-regulation of MUC5AC and MUC5B mucin genes in chronic rhinosinusitis. Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery. 2004;130(6):747-52.

1037. Harvey RJ, Wallwork BD, Lund VJ. Antiinflammatory effects of macrolides: applications in chronic rhinosinusitis. Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. 2009 Nov;29(4):689-703.

1038. Ali MS, Pearson JP. Upper airway mucin gene expression: a review. The Laryngoscope. 2007 May;117(5):932-8.

1039. Ali M. Nasosinus mucin expression in normal and inflammatory conditions. Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2009;9:10-5.

1040. Ali M. Mucin Expression in Nasal Polyps. In: Oenerci TM, Ferguson BJ, editors. Nasal Polyposis. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 2010. p. 65-73.

1041. Funk CD. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes: advances in eicosanoid biology. Science (New York, NY ). 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1871-5.

1042. Simmons DL, Botting RM, Hla T. Cyclooxygenase isozymes: the biology of prostaglandin synthesis and inhibition. Pharmacol Rev. 2004 Sep;56(3):387-437.

1043. Steinke JW, Bradley D, Arango P, Crouse CD, Frierson H, Kountakis SE, Ta iH. Cysteinyl leukotriene expression in chronic hyperplastic sinusitis-nasal polyposis: importance to eosinophilia and asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2003 Feb;111(2):342-9.

1044. Hirata H, Arima M, Fukushima Y, Honda K, Sugiyama K, Tokuhisa T, Ta iH. Overexpression of the LTC4 synthase gene in mice reproduces human aspirin-induced asthma. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2011 Aug;41(8):1133-42.

1045. Sampson AP. Leukotriene C4 synthase: the engine of aspirin intolerance? Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2011 Aug;41(8):1050-3.

1046. Perez-Novo CA, Watelet JB, Claeys C, Van Cauwenberge P, Bacher t C. Prostaglandin, leukotriene, and lipoxin balance in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2005 Jun;115(6):1189-96.

1047. Ebbens FA, Maldonado M, de Groot EJ, Alobid I, van Drunen CM, Picado C, Ta iH. Topical glucocorticoids downregulate COX-1 positive cells in nasal polyps. Allergy. 2009 Jan;64(1):96-103.

1048. Gervais FG, Cruz RP, Chateauneuf A, Gale S, Sawyer N, Nantel F, Ta iH. Selective modulation of chemokinesis, degranulat ion, and apoptos i s i n eosinophils through the PGD2 receptors CRTH2 and DP. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2001 Dec;108(6):982-8.

1049. Schratl P, Royer JF, Kostenis E, Ulven T, Sturm EM, Waldhoer M, Ta iH. The role of the prostaglandin D2 receptor, DP, in eosinophil trafficking. J Immunol. 2007 Oct 1;179(7):4792-9.

1050. Nantel F, Fong C, Lamontagne S, Wright DH, Giaid A, Desrosiers M, Ta iH. Expression of prostaglandin D synthase and the prostaglandin D2 receptors DP and CRTH2 in human nasal mucosa. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2004 Jan;73(1-2):87-101.

1051. Perez-Novo CA, Holtappels G, Vinall SL, Xue L, Zhang N, Bachert C, Ta iH. CRTH2 mediates the activation of human Th2 cells in response to PGD(2) released from IgE/anti-IgE treated nasal polyp tissue. Allergy. 2010 Mar;65(3):304-10.

1052. Okano M, Fujiwara T, Yamamoto M, Sugata Y, Matsumoto R, Fukushima K, Ta iH. Role of prostaglandin D2 and E2 terminal synthases in chronic rhinosinusitis. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2006 Aug;36(8):1028-38.

1053. Yamamoto M, Okano M, Fujiwara T, Kariya S, Higaki T, Nagatsuka H, Ta iH. Expression and Characterization of PGD2 Receptors in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Modulation of DP and CRTH2 by PGD2. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 2009;148:127-36.

1054. Fortner CN, Breyer RM, Paul RJ. EP2 receptors mediate airway relaxation to substance P, ATP, and PGE2. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2001 Aug;281(2):L469-74.

1055. Picado C, Fernandez-Morata JC, Juan M, Roca-Ferrer J, Fuentes M, Xaubet A, Ta iH. Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA is downexpressed in nasal polyps from aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 1999 Jul;160(1):291-6.

1056. Mullol J, Fernandez-Morata JC, Roca-Ferrer J, Pujols L, Xaubet A, Benitez P, Ta iH. Cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 expression is abnormally regulated in human nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2002 May;109(5):824-30.

1057. Fritz SB, Terrell JE, Conner ER, Kukowska-Latallo JF, Baker JR. Nasal mucosal gene expression in patients with allergic rhinitis with and without nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2003 Dec;112(6):1057-63.

1058. Benson M, Carlsson L, Adner M, Jernas M, Rudemo M, Sjogren A, Ta iH. Gene profiling reveals increased expression of uteroglobin and other anti-inflammatory genes in glucocorticoid-treated nasal polyps. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2004 Jun;113(6):1137-43.

1059. Liu Z, Kim J, Sypek JP, Wang IM, Horton H, Oppenheim FG, Ta iH. Gene expression profiles in human nasal polyp tissues studied by means of DNA microarray. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2004;114(4):783-90.

1060. Sidhu SS, Yuan S, Innes AL, Kerr S, Woodruff PG, Hou L, Ta iH. Roles of epithelial cell- derived periostin in TGFbeta activation, collagen production, and collagen gel elasticity in asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Aug 10;107(32):14170-5.

1061. Rho HS, Lee SH, Lee HM, Jung HH, Choi J, Park MK, Ta iH. Overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-Met in nasal polyps. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2006 Sep;132(9):985-9.

1062. Castano R, Bosse Y, Endam LM, Filali-Mouhim A, Desrosiers M. c-MET pathway involvement in chronic rhinosinusitis: a genetic as sociation analysis . Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 May;142(5):665-71 e1-2.

1063. Reh DD, Ramanathan M, Jr., Sultan B, Wang Y, May L, Lane AP. The role of hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2010 Jul-Aug;24(4):266-70.

1064. Anand VK, Kacker A, Orjuela AF, Huang C, Manarey C, Xiang J. Inflammatory pathway gene expression in chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2006 Jul- Aug;20(4):471-6.

1065. Wang X, Dong Z, Zhu DD, Guan B. Expression profile of immune-associated genes in nasal polyps. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2006;115(6):450-6.

1066. Lee J, Kang H, Woo J, Chae S, Lee S, Hwang S. Up-regulation of chemokine ligand 20 in chronic rhinosinusitis. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2006;132(5):537- 41.

1067. Figueiredo CR, Santos RP, Silva ID, Weckx LL. Microarray cDNA to identify inflammatory genes in nasal polyposis. American journal of rhinology. 2007 Mar-Apr;21(2):231-5.

1068. Bolger WE, Joshi AS, Spear S, Nelson M, Govindaraj K. Gene expression analysis in sinonasal polyposis before and after oral cor ticosteroids: a preliminar y investigation. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2007 Jul;137(1):27-33.

1069. Wu J, Bing L, Jin H, Jingping F. Gene expression profiles of nasal polyps associated with allergic rhinitis. Am J Otolaryngol. 2009 Jan-Feb;30(1):24-32.

1070. Rostkowska-Nadolska B, Kapral M, Fraczek M, Kowalczyk M, Gawron W, Mazurek U. A microarray study of gene expression profiles in nasal polyps. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2011 Feb;38(1):58-64.

1071. Lund V. Quantification for staging sinusitis. The staging and Therapy Group. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 1995(167):17-21.

1072. Ferguson BJ, Narita M, Yu VL, Wagener MM, Gwaltney JM, Jr. Prospective obser vationals tudy of chroni c rhinosinusitis: environmental triggers and antibiotic implications. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2012 Jan;54(1):62-8.

1073. Stank iewicz JA, Chow JM. Nasal endoscopy and the definition and diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 Jun;126(6):623-7.

1074. Bhattacharyya N, Lee LN. Evaluating the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis based on clinical guidelines and endoscopy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;143(1):147-51.

1075. Ling FT, Kountakis SE. Important clinical symptoms in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2007 Jun;117(6):1090-3.

1076. West B, Jones NS. Endoscopy-negative, computed tomography-negative facial pain in a nasal clinic. The Laryngoscope. 2001 Apr;111(4 Pt 1):581-6.

1077. Aaseth K, Grande RB, Kvaerner K, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. Chronic rhinosinusitis gives a ninefold increased risk of chronic headache. The Akershus study of chronic headache. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 2010 Feb;30(2):152-60.

1078. Schubert CR, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BE, Klein R, Nondahl DM. Olfactory impairment in older adults: fiveyear incidence and risk factors. The Laryngoscope. 2011 Apr;121(4):873-8.

1079. Litvack JR, Fong K, Mace J, James KE, Smith TL. Predictors of olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2008 Dec;118(12):2225-30.

1080. Craig TJ, Ferguson BJ, Krouse JH. Sleep impairment in allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyposis. Am J Otolaryngol. 2008 May-Jun;29(3):209-17.

1081. Rombaux P, Liistro G, Hamoir M, Bertrand B, Auber t G, Verses T, та ін. Nasal obstruction and its impact on sleeprelated breathing disorders. Rhinology. 2005 Dec;43(4):242-50.

1082. Storms W, Yawn B, Fromer L. Therapeutic options for reducing sleep impairment in allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyposis. Current medical research and opinion. 2007;23(9):2135-46.

1083. Lim M, Lew-Gor S, Darby Y, Brookes N, Scadding G, Lund VJ. The relationship between subjective asses sment instruments in chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2007 Jun;45(2):144-7.

1084. Ryan WR, Ramachandra T, Hwang PH. Correlations between symptoms, nasal endoscopy, and in-office computed tomography in post-surgical chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The Laryngoscope. 2011 Mar;121(3):674-8.

1085. Lildholdt T, Rundcrantz H, Bende M, Larsen K. Glucocorticoid treatment for nasal polyps. The use of topical budesonide powder, intramuscular betamethasone, and surgical treatment. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1997;123(6):595-600.

1086. Ragab A, Clement P, Vincken W. Correlation between the cytology of the nasal middle meatus and BAL in chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2005 Mar;43(1):11-7.

1087. Ozcan M, Unal A, Aksaray S, Yalcin F, Akdeniz T. Correlation of middle meatus and ethmoid sinus microbiology in patients with chronic sinusitis. Rhinology. 2002;40(1):24-7.

1088. Brenner DJ, Hall E J . Computed tomography--an increasing source of radiat ion exposure. The New England journal of medicine. 2007 Nov 29;357(22):2277-84.

1089. Brenner DJ. Should we be concerned about the rapid increase in CT usage? Reviews on environmental health. 2010 Jan-Mar;25(1):63-8.

1090. Schell B, Bauer RW, Lehnert T, Kerl JM, Hambek M, May A, та ін. Low-dose computed tomography of the paranasal sinus and facial skull using a high-pitch dual-source system--first clinical results. European radiology. 2011 Jan;21(1):107-12.

1091. Hodez C, Gr i f faton-Tai l landier C, Bensimon I. Cone-beam imaging: applications in ENT. European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases. 2011 Apr;128(2):65-78.

1092. Bachert K. Evaluation of effective pat ient dose in paranasal s inus imaging:comparison of cone beam CT, digital tomosynthesis and multislice CT. World Congress on medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering. 2009(25):458-60.

1093. Lin HW, Bhattacharyya N, Brenner DJ, Schell B, Bauer RW, Lehnert T, та ін. Diagnostic and staging accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of sinonasal disease. Should we be concerned about the rapid increase in CT usage? Low-dose computed tomography of the paranasal sinus and facial skull using a high-pitch dual-source system--first clinical results. Cone-beam imaging: applications in ENT. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009;23(1):36-9.

1094. Lund VJ, Mack ay IS. Staging i n rhinosinusitus. Rhinology. 1993;31(4):183-4.

1095. Metson R, Gliklich RE, Stankiewicz JA, Kennedy DW, Duncavage JA, Hoffman SR, та ін. Comparison of sinus computed tomography staging systems. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1997;117(4):372-9.

1096. Oluwole M, Russell N, Tan L, Gardiner Q, White P. A comparison of computerized tomographic staging systems in chronic sinusitis. Clin Otolaryngol. 1996;21(1):91-5.

1097. Andersen I, Camner P, Jensen PL, Philipson K, Proctor DF. Nasal clearance in monozygotic twins. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1974;110(3):301-5.

1098. Puchelle E, Aug F, Pham QT, Bertrand A. Comparison of three methods for measuring nasal mucociliary clearance in man. Acta Otolaryngol. 1981 Mar-Apr;91(3-4):297-303.

1099. Passali D, Bellussi L, Bianchini Ciampoli M, De Seta E. Experiences in the determination of nasal mucociliar y transport time. Acta Otolaryngol. 1984 Mar-Apr;97(3-4):319-23.

1100. Passali D, Ferri R, Becchini G, Passali GC, Bellussi L. Alterations of nasal mucociliary transport in patients with hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates, deviations of the nasal septum and chronic sinusitis. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1999;256(7):335-7.

1101. Rutland J, Dewar A, Cox T, Cole P. Nasal brushing for the study of ciliary ultrastructure. J Clin Pathol. 1982;35(3):357-9.

1102. Rautiainen M, Matsune S, Shima S, Sakamoto K, Hanamure Y, Ohyama M. Ciliary beat of cultured human respiratory cells studied with differential interference microscope and high speed video system. Acta Otolaryngol. 1992 Sep;ll2(5):845-5l.

1103. Lund VJ, Scadding GK. Objective as ses sment of endoscopic s inus surgery in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: an update. J Laryngol Otol. l994;108(9):749-53.

1104. Abdel-Hak B, Gunkel A, Kanonier G, Schrott-Fischer A, Ulmer H, Thumfart Wl. Ciliary beat frequency, olfaction and endos copi c s inus surger y. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. l998;60(4):202-5.

1105. Jorissen M, Van der Schueren B, Van den Berghe H, Cassiman JJ. Contribution of in vitro culture methods for respiratory epithelial cells to the study of the physiology of the respiratory tract. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 1991 Feb;4(2):210-7.

1106. Afzelius BA. A human syndrome caused by immotile cilia. Science (New York, NY). 1976 Jul 23;l93(4250):3l7-9.

1107. Delclaux C, Malinvaud D, Chevalier-Bidaud B, Callens E, Mahut B, Bonfils P. Nitric oxide evaluation in upper and lower respiratory tracts in nasal polyposis. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2008 Jul;38(7):ll40-7.

1108. Holmstrom M, Scadding GK, Lund VJ, Darby YC. Assessment of nasal obstruction. A comparison between rhinomanometry and nasal inspiratory peak flow. Rhinology. l990;28(3):l9l-6.

1109. Lund VJ, Flood J, Sykes AP, Richards DH. Effect of fluticasone in severe polyposis. Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1998;124(5):513-8.

1110. Hox V, Bobic S, Callebaux I, Jorissen M, Hellings PW. Nasal obstruction and smell impairment in nasal polyp disease: correlation between objective and subjective parameters. Rhinology. 2010 Dec;48(4):426-32.

1111. Ottaviano G, Scadding GK, Coles S, Lund VJ. Peak nasal inspiratory flow; normal range in adult population. Rhinology. 2006 Mar;44(l):32-5.

1112. da Cunha Ibiapina C, Ribeiro de Andrade C, Moreira Camargos PA, Goncalves Alvim C, Augusto Cruz A. Reference values for peak nasal inspiratory flow in children and adolescents in Brazil. Rhinology. 2011 Aug;49(3):304-8.

1113. Spronsen v. Peak nasal inspiratory flow in health children. Rhinol Suppl. 20l2;in press.

1114. Ottaviano G, Lund VJ, Coles S, Staffieri A, Scadding GK. Does peak nasal inspiratory flow relate to peak expiratory flow? Rhinology. 2008 Sep;46(3):200-3.

1115. Timperley D, Srubisky A, Stow N, Marcells GN, Har vey RJ. Minimal clinically important differences in nasal peak inspiratory flow. Rhinology. 2011 Mar;49(l):37-40.

1116. Thulesius HL, Cervin A, Jessen M. Can we always trust rhinomanometry? Rhinology. 2011 Mar;49(l):46-52.

1117. Clement PA, Gordts F. Consensus report on acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometr y. Rhinology. 2005 Sep;43(3):l69-79.

1118. Straszek SP, Schlunssen V, Sigsgaard T, Pedersen OF. Reference values for acoustic rhinometry in decongested school children and adults: the most sensitive measurement for change in nasal patency. Rhinology. 2007 Mar;45(l):36-9.

1119. Haavisto LE, Vahlberg TJ, Sipila JI. A followup study with acoustic rhinometry in children using nasal insulin. Rhinology. 2010 Mar;48(l):95-9.

1120. Haavi s to LE, Vahlberg TJ, Sipi l a JI. Reference values for acoustic rhinometry in children at baseline and after decongestion. Rhinology. 2011 Jun;49(2):243-7.

1121. Lund VJ, Holmstrom M, Scadding GK. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. An objective assessment. J Laryngol Otol. l99l;105(10):832-5.

1122. Numminen J, Dastidar P, Heinonen T, Karhuketo T, Rautiainen M. Reliability of acoustic rhinometry. Respiratory medicine. 2003;97(4):421-7.

1123. Munoz-Cano R, Salvador R, Valero A, Berenguer J, Alobid I, Bartra J, Ta iH. Accuracy of acoustic rhinometry versus computed tomography in the evaluation of nasal cavity in patients with nasal polyposis. Rhinology. 2010 Jun;48(2):224-7.

1124. Juto JE, Lundberg C. An optical method for determining changes in mucosal congestion in the nose in man. Acta Otolaryngol. 1982;94(1-2):149-56.

1125. El legard E. Prac t ical aspec t s on rhinostereometry. Rhinology. 2002 Sep;40(3):115-7.

1126. Lane AP, Turner J, May L, Reed R. A genetic model of chronic rhinosinusitisassociated olfactory inflammation reveals reversible functional impairment and dramatic neuroepithelial reorganization. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2010 Feb 10;30(6):2324-9.

1127. Amoore JE. Odor standards in squeeze bottlekits for matching quality and intensity. Wat Sci Tech. 1992;25:1-9.

1128. Rowe - Jones JM, Mackay IS . A prospective study of olfaction following endoscopic sinus surgery with adjuvant medical treatment. Clin Otolaryngol. 1997;22(4):377-81.

1129. Delank KW, Stoll W. Olfactory function after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis. Rhinology. 1998;36(1):15-9.

1130. Simme nD. Screeningtestdes Geruchssinnes mit Riechdisketten. Laryngorhinootologie. 1998;77:1-6.

1131. Briner HR, Simmen D, Jones N. Impaired sense of smell in patients with nasal surgery. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2003 Oct;28(5):417-9.

1132. Kobal G, Hummel T, Sekinger B, Barz S, Roscher S, Wolf S. "Sniffin' sticks": screening of olfactory performance. Rhinology. 1996;34(4):222-6.

1133. Welge-Lussen A, Gudziol V, Wolfensberger M, Hummel T. Olfactory testing in clinical settings - is there additional benefit from unilateral testing? Rhinology. 2010 Jun;48(2):156-9.

1134. Thomas-Danguin T, Rouby C, Sicard G, Vigouroux M, Farget V, Johanson A, Ta iH. Development of the ETOC: a European test of olfactory capabilities. Rhinology. 2003 Sep;41(3):142-51.

1135. Wang Y, Zhuang L. [Endoscopic sinus surgery, clinical observation with 40 cases]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi. 2002;16(8):418-9.

1136. Ji X, Liang C, Wu X, Xie J. [Evaluation on hemorrhage factors secondary to endoscopic sinus surgery with multiple stepwise regression analysis]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi. 2002;16(8):404-6.

1137. Gaby AR. Intravenous nutrient therapy: the "Myers' cocktail". Altern Med Rev. 2002;7(5):389-403.

1138. Adachi M, Furuta S, Suzuki S, Maeda Tl. [Bacterial examination of sinusitis using antral puncture and irrigation]. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 2002;105(9):925-30.

1139. Shamsiev DF, Mirazizov KD. [Endoscopic maxillary sinusotomy] . Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2002(4):39-40.

1140. Vladimirova EB. [The course of repair processes in the maxillary sinuses after radical surgery]. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2002(4):11-4.

1141. Djordjevic V, Milovanovic J, Janosevic L. [ Treatment of otitis and sinusitis with antibiotics]. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2002;130(Suppl 1):59-61.

1142. Dragojlovic J, Milosevic B, Sasic M. [Endocranial bac ter ial infec t ions originating in the otorhinolaryngologic area]. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2002;130(Suppl 1):16-21.

1143. Ladich ER, Lewin-Smith MR, Specht CS, Moroz AL, Kalasinsky VF, Mullick FG. A histopathological study of head and neck specimens from a cohort of Persian Gulf War military veterans. Mil Med. 2002;167(10):864-7.

1144. Jaber R. Respiratory and allergic diseases: from upper respiratory tract infections to asthma. Prim Care. 2002 Jun;29(2):231-61.

1145. Balbi si EAl . Ce fdi toren, a new ami nothiazolylce phalosporin . Pharmacotherapy. 2002;22(10):1278-93.

1146. File TM, Jr., Jacobs MR, Poole MD, Wynne B. Outcome of treatment of respiratory tract infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, including drug-resistant strains, with pharmacok inetically enhanced amoxycillin/clavulanate. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2002;20(4):235-47.

1147. Ehnhage A, Kolbeck KG, Juto JE, Dahlen B, Stjarne P. Evaluation of nasal mucosal swelling and microcirculation throughout nasal and bronchial provocat ion tests with lysine-aspirin in asthmatics with nasal polyposis. Rhinology. 2010 Jun;48(2):216-23.

1148. Cambau E. [C-reactive protein: general review and role in the study of infections]. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1988 Dec;36(10):1232-6.

1149. Ahlers AA, Schonheyder HC. [C-reactive protein in patients with infection]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1990 Dec 31;153(1):13-6.

1150. Bjerrum L, Gahrn-Hansen B, Munck AP. C-reactive protein measurement in general practice may lead to lower antibiotic prescribing for sinusitis. British Journal of General Practice. 2004;54(506):659-62.

1151. Scadding G. Diagnostic tools in Rhinology EAACI position Paper. Clin Transl Allergy. 2011(12):1-39.

1152. Stull DE, Krouse J, Meltzer EO, Roberts L, Kim S, Frank L, Ta iH. Development and validation of the Congestion Quantifier seven-item test (CQ7): a screening tool for nasal congestion. Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. 2007 Nov-Dec;10(6):457-65.

1153. Fairley JW, Durham LH, Ell SR. Correlation of subjective sensation of nasal patency with nasal inspiratory peak flow rate. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 1993 Feb;18(1):19-22.

1154. Sipila J, Suonpaa J, Laippala P. Sensation of nasal obstruction compared to rhinomanometric results in patients referred for septoplasty. Rhinology. 1994;32(3):141-4.

1155. Simola M, Malmberg H. Sensation of nasal airflow compared with nasal airway resistance in patients with rhinitis. Clin Otolaryngol. 1997;22(3):260-2.

1156. Hirschberg A, Rezek O. Correlation between objective and subjective assessments of nasal patency. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Rel a t Spec. 1998;60(4):206-11.

1157. Nathan RA, Eccles R, Howar th PH, Steinsvag SK, Togias A. Objective monitoring of nasal patency and nasal physiology in rhinitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2005 Mar;115(3 Suppl 1):S442-59.

1158. Numminen J, Ahtinen M, Huhtala H, Rautiainen M. Comparison of rhinometric measurements methods in intranasal pathology. Rhinology. 2003;41(2):65-8.

1159. Jones AS, Willatt DJ, Durham LM. Nasal airflow: resistance and sensation. J Laryngol Otol. 1989;103(10):909-11.

1160. Eccles R, Jones AS. The effect of menthol on nasal resistance to air flow. J Laryngol Otol. 1983 Aug;97(8):705-9.

1161. Roithmann R, Cole P, Chapnik J, Barreto SM, Szalai JP, Zamel N. Acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry, and the sensation of nasal patency: a correlative study. J Otolaryngol. 1994 Dec;23(6):454-8.

1162. Panagou P, Loukides S, Tsipra S, Syrigou K, Anastasakis C, Kalogeropoulos N. Evaluation of nasal patency: comparison of patient and clinician assessments with rhinomanometry. Acta Otolaryngol. 1998 Nov;118(6):847-51.

1163. Szucs E, Clement PA. Acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry in the evaluation of nasal patency of patients with nasal septal deviation. American journal of rhinology. 1998;12(5):345-52.

1164. Eccles R, Jawad MS, Jawad SS, Angello JT, Druce HM. Efficacy and safety of single and multiple doses of pseudoephedrine in the treatment of nasal congestion as sociated wi th common cold. American journal of rhinology. 2005 Jan- Feb;19(1):25-31.

1165. Larsson C, Millqvist E, Bende M. Relationship between subjective nasal stuffiness and nasal patency measured by acoustic rhinometry. American journal of rhinology. 2001 Nov- Dec;15(6):403-5.

1166. Ostberg B, Winther B, Borum P, Mygind N. Common cold and high-dose ipratropium bromide: use of ant ichol inergi c medication as an indicator of reflexmediated hypersecretion. Rhinology. 1997 Jun;35(2):58-62.

1167. Malmberg H, Grahne B, Holopainen E, Binder E. Ipratropium (Atrovent) in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis of elderly patients. Clin Otolaryngol. 1983 Aug;8(4):273-6.

1168. Simola M. Allergic and non-allergic rhinitis: a long term clinical follow up study. Helsinki University. 2001.

1169. Benitez P, Alobid I, de Haro J, Berenguer J, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Pujols L, Ta iH. A short course of oral prednisone followed by intranasal budesonide is an effective treatment of severe nasal polyps. The Laryngoscope. 2006 May;116(5):770-5.

1170. Pade J, Humme l T. Ol factory function following nasal surgery. The Laryngoscope. 2008 Jul;118(7):1260-4.

1171. Minovi A, Hummel T, Ural A, Draf W, Bockmuhl U. Predictors of the outcome of nasal surgery in terms of olfactory function. European archives of otorhino- laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto- Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2008 Jan;265(1):57-61.

1172. Olsson P, Ehnhage A, Nordin S, Stjarne P. Quality of life is improved by endoscopic surger y and fluticasone in nasal polyposis with asthma. Rhinology. 2010 sep;48(3):325-30.

1173. Williams JW, Jr., Roberts L, Jr., Distell B, Simel DL. Diagnosing sinusitis by X-ray: is a single Waters view adequate? J Gen Intern Med. 1992 Sep-Oct;7(5):481-5.

1174. Jones NS, Cooney TR. Facial pain and sinonasal surgery. Rhinology. 2003 Dec;41(4):193-200.

1175. Agius AM. Chronic sinusitis in Malta--correlation between symptoms and CT scan. Rhinology. 2010 Mar;48(1):59-64.

1176. Agius AM. Long-term follow-up of patients with facial pain in chronic rhinosinusitis-- correlation with nasal endoscopy and CT. Rhinology. 2010 Mar;48(1):65-70.

1177. Mudgil SP, Wise SW, Hopper KD, Kasales CJ, Mauger D, Fornadley JA. Correlation between presumed sinusitis-induced pain and paranasal sinus computed tomographic f indings. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2002 Feb;88(2):223-6.

1178. Piccirillo JF, Merritt MG, Jr., Richards ML. Psychometric and clinimetric validity of the 20-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20). Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 Jan;126(1):41-7.

1179. Bhattacharyya T, Piccirillo J, Wippold FJ, 2nd. Relationship between patient-based descriptions of sinusitis and paranasal sinus computed tomographic findings. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1997 Nov;123(11):1189-92.

1180. Wabnitz DAM, Nair S, Wormald PJ. Correlation between preoperative symptom s cores, quality - of - life questionnaires, and staging with computed tomography in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2005;19(1):91-6.

1181. Stewart MG, Sicard MW, Piccirillo JF, Diaz- Marchan PJ. Severity staging in chronic sinusitis: are CT scan findings related to patient symptoms? American journal of rhinology. 1999 May-Jun;13(3):161-7.

1182. Hopkins C, Browne JP, Slack R, Lund V, Brown P. The Lund-Mackay staging system for chronic rhinosinusitis: how is it used and what does it predict? Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2007 Oct;137(4):555-61.

1183. Andre RF, Vuyk HD, Ahmed A, Graamans K, Nolst Trenite GJ. Correlation between subjective and objective evaluation of the nasal airway. A systematic review of the highest level of evidence. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009 Dec;34(6):518-25.

1184. Girman CJ, Jacobsen SJ, Guess HA, Oesterling JE, Chute CG, Panser LA, Ta IH. Natural history of prostatism: relationship among symptoms, prostate volume and peak urinary flow rate. J Urol. 1995 May;153(5):1510-5.

1185. Alonso J, Anto JM, Gonzalez M, Fiz JA, Izquierdo J, Morera J. Measurement of general health status of non-oxygendependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Med Care. 1992 May;30(5 Suppl):MS125-35.

1186. Wilson IB, Cleary PD. Linking clinical variables with health-related quality of life. A conceptual model of patient outcomes. JAMA. 1995 Jan 4;273(1):59-65.

1187. Baumann I, Blumenstock G, Zalaman IM, Praetorius M, Klingmann C, Sittel C, Ta IH. Impact of gender, age, and comorbidities on quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2007 Dec;45(4):268-72.

1188. Brandsted R, Sindwani R. Impact of depression on disease-specific symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2007 Jan-Feb;21(1):50-4.

1189. Smith TL, Litvack JR, Hwang PH, Loehrl TA, Mace JC, Fong KJ, Ta IH. Determinants of outcomes of sinus surgery: a multiins titut ional prospective cohort study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;142(1):55-63.

1190. Stewart M. Sinus pain: is it real? Current Opinions in Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. 2002(10):29-32.

1191. Clifton NJ, Jones NS. Prevalence of facial pain in 108 consecutive patients with paranasal mucopurulent discharge at endoscopy. J Laryngol Otol. 2007 Apr;121(4):345-8.

1192. Fahy C, Jones NS. Nasal polyposis and facial pain. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2001 Dec;26(6):510-3.

1193. Tarabichi M. Characteristics of sinusrelated pain. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2000 Jun;122(6):842-7.

1194. The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 2004;24 Suppl 1:9-160.

1195. Shields G, Seikaly H, LeBoeuf M, Guinto F, LeBoeuf H, Pincus T, Ta IH. Correlation between facial pain or headache and computed tomography in rhinosinusitis in Canadian and U. S. subjects. The Laryngoscope. 2003;113(6):943-5.

1196. Cady RK, Schreiber CP. Sinus problems as a cause of headache refractoriness and migraine chronification. Current pain and headache reports. 2009 Aug;13(4):319-25.

1197. Howe L, Jones NS. Guidelines for the management of periorbital cellulitis/ abscess. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2004 Dec;29(6):725-8.

1198. Mehle ME, Kremer PS. Sinus CT scan findings in "sinus headache" migraineurs. Headache. 2008 Jan;48(1):67-71.

1199. Marshall AH, Jones NS. The utility of radiologic studies in the diagnosis and management of rhinosinusitis. Current Infectious Disease Reports. [Review]. 2003;5(3):199-204.

1200. Jeffrey Modell Foundation. National Primary Immunodeficiency Centre. Available from: http://www. jmfworld. org http://www. jmfworld. org.

1201. Cooney TR, Huissoon AP, Powell RJ, Jones NS. Investigation for immunodeficiency in patients with recurrent ENT infections. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2001 Jun;26(3):184-8.

1202. Gwaltney JM, Jr. Acute communityacquired sinusitis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 1996 Dec;23(6):1209-23; quiz 24-5.

1203. Berg O, Carenfel t C, Kronval l G. Bacteriology of maxillary sinusitis in relation to character of inflammation and prior treatment. Scand J Infect Dis. 1988;20(5):511-6.

1204. Ruoff G. Upper respiratory tract infections in family practice. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998 Aug;17(8 Suppl):S73-8.

1205. Benninger MS . Adult chronic rhinosinusitis: Definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiology. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. [Review]. 2003;129(3 SUPPL. ):S1-S32.

1206. Brook I. Microbiology and management of sinusitis. J Otolar yngol. 1996 Aug;25(4):249-56.

1207. Terris MH, Davidson TM. Review of published results for endoscopic sinus surgery. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 1994 Aug;73(8):574-80.

1208. Levine HL. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery: evaluation, surgery, and followup of 250 patients. The Laryngoscope. 1990 Jan;100(1):79-84.

1209. Khalid AN, Quraishi SA, Kennedy DW. Long-term quality of life measures after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. American journal of rhinology. 2004;18(3):131-6.

1210. Kennedy DW, Zinreich SJ, Shaalan H, Kuhn F, Naclerio R, Loch E. Endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy: theory, technique, and patency. The Laryngoscope. 1987 Aug;97(8 Pt 3 Suppl 43):1-9.

1211. Hosemann W, Wigand ME, Fehle R, Sebastian J, Diepgen DL. [Results of endonasal ethmoid bone operations in diffuse hyperplastic chronic paranasal sinusitis]. Hno. 1988 Feb;36(2):54-9.

1212. Schaefer SD, Manning S, Close LG. Endoscopic paranasal sinus surgery: indications and considerations. The Laryngoscope. 1989 Jan;99(1):1-5.

1213. Stammberger H, Posawetz W. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Concept, indications and results of the Messerklinger technique. European archives of oto-rhino- laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : ffiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1990;247(2):63-76.

1214. Wigand ME, Hosemann WG. Results of endoscopic surgery of the paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base. J Otolaryngol. 1991 Dec;20(6):385-90.

1215. Schaitkin B, May M, Shapiro A, Fucci M, Mester SJ. Endoscopic sinus surgery: 4-year follow-up on the first 100 patients. The Lar yngoscope. 1993 Oct;103(10):1117-20.

1216. Vleming M, Middelweerd MJ, de Vries N. [Good results of endoscopic paranasal sinus surgery for chronic or recurrent sinusitis and for nasal polyps]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1993 Jul 17;137(29):1453-6.

1217. Danielsen A, Olofsson J. Endoscopic endonasal sinus surgery. A long-term follow-up study. Acta Otolaryngol. 1996 Jul;116(4):611-9.

1218. Jakobsen J, Svendstrup F. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic sinusitis--a series of 237 consecutively operated patients. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2000;543:158-61.

1219. Mehanna H, Mills J, Kelly B, McGarry GW. Benefit from endoscopic sinus surgery. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2002 Dec;27(6):464-71.

1220. Obermann M, Yoon MS, Dommes P, Kuznetsova J, Maschke M, Weimar C, Ta iH. Prevalence of trigeminal autonomic symptoms in migraine: a populationbased study. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 2007 Jun;27(6):504-9.

1221. Daudia AT, Jones NS. Facial migraine in a rhinological setting. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2002 Dec;27(6):521-5.

1222. Barbanti P, Fabbrini G, Pesare M, Vanacore N, Cerbo R. Unilateral cranial autonomic symptoms in migraine. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 2002 May;22(4):256-9.

1223. Kari E, DelGaudio JM. Treatment of sinus headache as migraine: the diagnostic utility of triptans. The Laryngoscope. 2008 Dec;118(12):2235-9.

1224. Jones NS. Classification and diagnosis of facial pain. Hosp Med. 2001 Oct;62(10):598-606.

1225. Obermann M, Mueller D, Yoon MS, Pageler L, Diener H, Katsarava Z. Migraine with isolated facial pain: a diagnostic challenge. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 2007 Nov;27(11):1278-82.

1226. Yoon MS, Mueller D, Hansen N, Poitz F, Slomke M, Dommes P, Ta iH. Prevalence of facial pain in migraine: a populationbased study. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 2010 Jan;30(1):92-6.

1227. Victor TW, Hu X, Campbell JC, Buse DC, Lipton RB. Migraine prevalence by age and sex in the United States: a life-span study. Cephalalgia: an international journal of headache. 2010 Sep;30(9):1065-72.

1228. Griggs R C, Nutt JG. Episodic ataxias as channelopathies. Ann Neurol. 1995 Mar;37(3):285-7.

1229. Ophoff RA, Terwindt GM, Vergouwe MN, van Eijk R, Oefner PJ, Hoffman SM, Ta iH. Familial hemiplegic migraine and episodic ataxia type-2 are caused by mutations in the Ca2+ channel gene CACNL1A4. Cell. 1996 Nov 1;87(3):543-52.

1230. Weiller C, May A, Limmroth V, Juptner M, Kaube H, Schayck RV, Ta iH. Brain stem activation in spontaneous human migraine attacks. Nat Med. 1995 Jul;1(7):658-60.

1231. May A, Goadsby PJ. Cluster headache: imaging and other developments. Curr Opin Neurol. 1998 Jun;11(3):199-203.

1232. May A, Goadsby PJ. Hypothalamic involvement and activation in cluster headache. Current pain and headache reports. 2001 Feb;5(1):60-6.

1233. Edvinsson L, Goadsby PJ. Neuropeptides in the cerebral circulation: relevance to headache. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 1995;15(4):272-6.

1234. Goadsby PJ, Edv ins son L . The trigeminovascular system and migraine: studies characterizing cerebrovascular and neuropeptide changes seen in humans and cats. Ann Neurol. 1993 Jan;33(1):48-56.

1235. Goadsby PJ, Edvinsson L, Ekman R. Release of vasoactive peptides in the extracerebral circulation of humans and the cat during activation of the trigeminovascular system. Ann Neurol. 1988 Feb;23(2):193-6.

1236. Goadsby PJ. Neuroimaging in headache. Microsc Res Tech. 2001 May 1;53(3):179-87.

1237. Olesen J. Clinical and pathophysiological observations in migraine and tensiontype headache explained by integration of vascular, supraspinal and myofascial inputs. Pain. 1991 Aug;46(2):125-32.

1238. Burstein R, Jakubowski M, Garcia-Nicas E, Kainz V, Bajwa Z, Hargreaves R, Ta iH. Thalamic sensitization transforms localized pain into widespread allodynia. Ann Neurol. 2010 Jul;68(1):81-91.

1239. Silberstein SD, Goadsby PJ, Lipton RB. Management of migraine: an algorithmic approach. Neurology. 2000;55(9 Suppl 2):S46-52.

1240. Goads by PJ . Mechanisms and management of heada che. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1999 May-Jun;33(3):228-34.

1241. Goadsby PJ, Olesen J. Diagnosis and management of migraine. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 1996 May 18;312(7041):1279-83.

1242. Lanteri-Minet M, Mick G, Allaf B. Early dosing and efficacy of triptans in acute migraine treatment: The TEMPO study. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 2012 Jan 10.

1243. Gray RN, Goslin RE, McCrory DC, Eberlein K, Tulsky J, Hasselblad V. Drug Treatments for the Prevention of Migraine Headache. Rockville MD1999.

1244. Afshari D, Rafizadeh S, Rezaei M. A comparative study of the effects of low-dose topiramate versus sodium valproate in migraine prophylaxis. The International journal of neuroscience. 2012 Feb;122(2):60-8.

1245. Goadsby PJ . Clus ter heada che: new perspectives. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 1999 Dec;19 Suppl 25:39-41.

1246. Ashkenazi A, Schwedt T. Clus ter headache--acute and prophylactic therapy. Headache. 2011 Feb;51(2):272-86.

1247. Saunte C. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania: salivation, tearing and nasal secretion. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 1984 Mar;4(1):25-32.

1248. Saunte C, Russell D, Sjaastad O. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. IX. On the mechanism of attack-related sweating. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 1983 Sep;3(3):191-9.

1249. Antonaci F, Sjaas tad O. Chroni c paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH): a review of the clinical manifestations. Headache. 1989 Nov;29(10):648-56.

1250. Kudrow DB, Kudrow L. Successful aspirin prophylaxis in a child with chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. Headache. 1989 May;29(5):280-1.

1251. Cittadini E, Matharu MS, Goadsby PJ. Paroxysmal hemicrania: a prospective clinical study of 31 cases. Brain : a journal of neurology. 2008 Apr;131(Pt 4):1142-55.

1

252. Newman LC, Lipton RB, Solomon S. Episodic paroxysmal hemicrania: 3 new cases and a review of the literature. Headache. 1993 Apr;33(4):195-7.

1253. Warner JS, Wamil AW, McLean MJ. Acetazolamide for the treatment of chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. Headache. 1994 Nov-Dec;34(10):597-9.

1254. Fuad F, Jones NS. Paroxysmal hemicranias and cluster headache: two discrete entities or is there an overlap? Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2002 Dec;27(6):472-9.

1255. Pareja J, Sjaastad O. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua. Interval between indomethacin administration and response. Headache. 1996 Jan;36(1):20-3.

1256. Antonaci F, Pareja JA, Caminero AB, Sjaas tad O. Chronic parox ysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua. Parenteral indomethacin: the 'indotest'. Headache. 1998 Feb;38(2):122-8.

1257. Sjaastad O, Stovner LJ, Stolt-Nielsen A, Antonaci F, Fredriksen TA. CPH and hemicrania continua: requirements of high indomethacin dosages--an ominous sign? Headache. 1995 Jun;35(6):363-7.

1258. Shabbir N, McAbee G. Adolescent chronic paroxysmal hemicrania responsive to verapamil monotherapy. Headache. 1994 Apr;34(4):209-10.

1259. Evers S, Husstedt IW. Alternatives in drug treatment of chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. Headache. 1996 Jul -Aug;36(7):429-32.

1260. Hannerz J, Jogestrand T. Intracranial hypertension and sumatriptan efficacy in a case of chronic paroxysmal hemicranias which became bilateral. (The mechanism of indomethacin in CPH). Headache. 1993 Jun;33(6):320-3.

1261. Sjaastad O, Spierings EL. "Hemicrania continua": another headache absolutely responsive to indomethacin. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 1984 Mar;4(1):65-70.

1262. Cittadini E, Goadsby PJ. Update on hemicrania continua. Current pain and headache reports. 2011 Feb;15(1):51-6.

1263. Goadsby PJ. Shor t-lasting primar y headaches: focus on trigeminal automatic cephalgias and indomethacin-sensitive headaches. Curr Opin Neurol. 1999 Jun;12(3):273-7.

1264. Shigeno S, Fritschka E, Shigeno T, Brock M. Effects of indomethacin on rCBF during and after focal cerebral ischemia in the cat. Stroke. 1985 Mar-Apr;16(2):235-40.

1265. Reichman HR, Farrell CL, Del Maestro RF. Effects of steroids and nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents on vascular permeability in a rat glioma model. J Neurosurg. 1986 Aug;65(2):233-7.

1266. Sicuteri F, Michelacci S, Anselmi B. TERMINATION OF MIGRAINE HEADACHE BY A NEW ANTI - INFLAMMATORY VASOCONS TRIC TOR AGENT. Cl i n Pharmacol Ther. 1965 May-Jun;6:336-44.

1267.Schmidt-Wilcke T, Hierlmeier S, Leinisch E. Altered regional brain morphology in patients with chronic facial pain. Headache. 2010 Sep;50(8):1278-85.

1268. Aggarwal VR, Macfarlane GJ, Farragher TM, McBeth J. Risk factors for onset of chronic oro-facial pain--results of the North Cheshire oro-facial pain prospective population study. Pain. 2010 May;149(2):354-9.

1269. Gatchel RJ, Okifuji A. Evidence-based scient i f ic data document ing the treatment and cost- effectiveness of comprehensive pain programs for chronic nonmalignant pain. J Pain. 2006 Nov;7(11):779-93.

1270. Eccleston C, Palermo TM, Williams AC, Lewandowski A, Morley S. Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents. Cochrane database of s y s tema t i c rev iews (Onl ine) . 2009(2):CD003968.

1271. Tepper SJ. New thoughts on sinus he ada che. Allergy and asthma proceedings : the official journal of regional and state allergy societies. 2004 Mar-Apr;25(2):95-6.

1272. Eross E, Dodick D, Eross M. The Sinus, Allergy and Migraine Study (SAMS). Headache. 2007 Feb;47(2):213-24.

1273. Guerrero AL, Rojo E, Herrero S, Neri MJ, Bautista L, Penas ML, Ta IH. Characteristics of the first 1000 headaches in an outpatient headache clinic registry. Headache. 2011 Feb;51(2):226-31.

1274. Cady RK, Schreiber CP. Sinus headache: a clinical conundrum. Otolaryngologic clinics of North Amer i ca. 2004 Apr;37(2):267-88.

1275. Schreiber CP, Hutchinson S, Webster CJ, Ames M, Richardson MS, Powers C. Prevalence of migraine in patients with a history of self-reported or physiciandiagnosed 'sinus' headache. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2004;164(16):1769-72.

1276. Levine HL, Setzen M, Cady RK, Dodick DW, Schreiber CP, Eross EJ, Ta IH. An otolaryngology, neurology, allergy, and primary care consensus on diagnosis and treatment of sinus headache. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2006 Mar;134(3):516-23.

1277. Spierings EL. Acute, subacute, and chronic headache. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America. 2003 Dec;36(6):1095-107, vi.

1278. Rasmussen BK, Jensen R, Schroll M, Olesen J. Epidemiology of headache in a general population--a prevalence study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44(11):1147-57.

1279. Bendtsen L. Central sensitization in tens ion- t ype headache - -possible pathophy s iological mechani sms. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 2000 Jun;20(5):486-508.

1280. Jensen R, Olesen J. Tension-type headache: an update on mechanisms and treatment. Curr Opin Neurol. 2000 Jun;13(3):285-9.

1281. Bendtsen L, Jensen R, Olesen J. A nonselective (amitriptyline), but not a selective (citalopram), serotonin reuptake inhibitor is effective in the prophylactic treatment of chronic tension-type headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996 Sep;61(3):285-90.

1282. Tomkins GE, Jackson JL, O'Malley PG, Balden E, Santoro JE. Treatment of chronic headache with antidepressants: a metaanalysis. Am J Med. 2001 Jul;111(1):54-63.

1283. Jones NS. Midfacial segment pain: implications for rhinitis and sinusitis. Current allergy and asthma reports. 2004 May;4(3):187-92.

1284. Khan OA, Majumdar S, Jones NS. Facial pain following sinonasal surgery or facial trauma. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2002 Jun;27(3):171-4.

1285. Babar-Craig H, Kayhanian H, De Silva DJ, Rose GE, Lund VJ. Spontaneous silent sinus syndrome (imploding antrum syndrome): case series of 16 patients. Rhinology. 2011 Aug;49(3):315-7.

1286. Cook PR, Nishioka GJ, Davis WE, McKinsey JP. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with normal computed tomography scans. Otolaryngology-- head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology- He ad and Ne c k Surgery. 1994 Jun;110(6):505-9.

1287. Parsons DS, Batra PS. Functional endoscopic sinus surgical outcomes for contact point headaches. The Laryngoscope. 1998 May;108(5):696-702.

1288. Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, Cruccu G, Dostrovsky JO, Griffin JW, Ta iH. Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes. Neurology. 2008 Apr 29;70(18):1630-5.

1289. Acquadro MA, Salman SD, Joseph MP. Analysis of pain and endoscopic sinus surgery for sinusitis. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 1997 Apr;106(4):305-9.

1290. Low WK. Complications of the Caldwell- Luc operation and how to avoid them. Aust NZ J Surg. 1995 Aug;65(8):582-4.

1291. Romer HC. Medical management of facial pain. Hosp Med. 2001 Oct;62(10):607-10.

1292. Solberg WK, Graff-Radford SB. Orodental considerations in facial pain. Semin Neurol. 1988 Dec;8(4):318-23.

1293. Mc AG, Muel ler GC, Wol f f HG. Experimental studies on headache: pain originating in nasal and paranasal structures. N Y State J Med. 1950 May 1;50(9):1113-6.

1294. Gerbe RW, Fry TL, Fischer ND. Headache of nasal spur origin: an easily diagnosed and surgically correctable cause of facial pain. Headache. 1984 Nov;24(6):329-30.

1295. Abu-Bakra M, Jones NS. Does stimulation of nasal mucosa cause referred pain to the face? Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2001 Oct;26(5):430-2.

1296. Abu-Bakra M, Jones NS. Prevalence of nasal mucosal contact points in patients with facial pain compared with patients without facial pain. J Laryngol Otol. 2001 Aug;115(8):629-32.

1297. Stammberger H, Wolf G. Headaches and sinus disease: the endoscopic approach. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1988 Sep-Oct;134:3-23.

1298. Hennekens. Epidemiology in medicine. SL EM, editor. Boston: Little Brown and Company; 1987.

1299. Blaugrund SM. Nasal obstruction. The nasal septum and concha bullosa. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America. 1989 Apr;22(2):291-306.

1300. Morgenstein KM, Krieger MK . Experiences in middle turbinectomy. The Laryngoscope. 1980 Oct;90(10 Pt 1):1596-603.

1301. Goldsmith A. Middle turbinate headache syndrome. American journal of rhinology. 1993;7(1):17-23.

1302. Clerico DM. Pneumatized superior turbinate as a cause of referred migraine headache. The Laryngoscope. 1996 Jul;106(7):874-9.

1303. Basic N, Basic V, Jukic T, Basic M, Jelic M, Hat J. Computed tomographic imaging to determine the frequency of anatomical variations in pneumatization of the ethmoid bone. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto- Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1999;256(2):69-71.

1304. Medina J, Tom LW, Marsh RR, Bilaniuk LT. Development of the paranasal sinuses in children with sinus disease. American journal of rhinology. 1999 Jan- Feb;13(1):23-6.

1305. Sonkens JW, Harnsberger HR, Blanch GM, Babbel RW, Hunt S. The impact of screening sinus CT on the planning of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1991 Dec;105(6):802-13.

1306. Arslan H, Aydinlioglu A, Bozkurt M, Egeli E. Anatomic variations of the paranasal sinuses: CT examination for endoscopic sinus surgery. Auris Nasus Larynx. 1999 Jan;26(1):39-48.

1307. Danese M, Duvoisin B, Agrifoglio A, Cherpillod J, Krayenbuhl M. [Influence of naso-sinusal anatomic variants on recurrent, persistent or chronic sinusitis. X-ray computed tomographic evaluation in 112 patients]. J Radiol. 1997 Sep;78(9):651-7.

1308. Lloyd GA, Lund VJ, Scadding GK. CT of the paranasal sinuses and functional endoscopic surgery: a critical analysis of 100 symptomatic patients. J Laryngol Otol. 1991 Mar;105(3):181-5.

1309. Clark S. The incidence of concha bullosa and its relationship to chronic sinonasal disease. American journal of rhinology. 1989(3):11-2.

1310. Tonai A, Baba S. Anatomic variations of the bone in sinonasal CT. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1996;525:9-13.

1311. Homer JJ, Sheard CE, Jones NS. Cognitive dissonance, the placebo effect and the evaluation of surgical results. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2000 Jun;25(3):195-9.

1312. Sessle BJ. Acute and chronic craniofacial pain: brains tem mechani sms of no ciceptive transmission and neuroplasticity, and their clinical correlates. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2000;11(1):57-91.

1313. Behin F, Behin B, Bigal ME, Lipton RB. Surgical treatment of patients with refractory migraine headaches and intranasal contact points. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. 2005 Jun;25(6):439-43.

1314. Larsen A, Piepgras D, Chyatte D, Rizzolo D. Trigeminal neuralgia: diagnosis and medical and surgical management. JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants. 2011 Jul;24(7):20-5.

1315. Wang QP, Bai M. Topiramate versus carbamazepine for the treatment of classical trigeminal neuralgia: a meta-analysis. CNS drugs. 2011 Oct 1;25(10):847-57.

1316. Edelsberg JS, Lord C, Oster G. Systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy, safety, and tolerability data from randomized controlled trials of drugs used to treat postherpetic neuralgia. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2011 Dec;45(12):1483-90.

1317. Guler N, Durmus E, Tuncer S. Long-term follow-up of patients with atypical facial pain treated with amitriptyline. The New York state dental journal. 2005 Jun- Jul;71(4):38-42.

1318. Ishida S, Kimura H. [Therapy for atypical facial pain]. Nihon rinsho Japanese journal of clinical medicine. 2009 Sep;67(9):1803-9.

1319. Grant SF, Hakonarson H. Microarray technology and applications in the arena of genome-wide association. Clin Chem. 2008 Jul;54(7):1116-24.

1320. Alexiou A, Sourtzi P, Dimakopoulou K, Manolis E, Velonakis E. Nasal polyps: heredity, allergies, and environmental and occupational exposure. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale. 2011 Feb;40(1):58-63.

1321. Mfuna-Endam L, Zhang Y, Desrosiers MY. Genetics of rhinosinusitis. Current allergy and asthma reports. 2011 Jun;11(3):236-46.

1322. Lockey RF, Rucknagel DL, Vanselow NA. Familial occurrence of asthma, nasal polyps and aspirin intolerance. Ann Intern Med. 1973 Jan;78(1):57-63.

1323. Settipane G. Benefit/risk ratio of aspirin. NES Allergy Proceedings. 1981(2):96-102. 1324. Drake - Lee A. Nasal polyps in identical twins. J Laryngol Otol. 1992 Dec;106(12):1084-5.

1324. Bosse Y, Bacot F, Montpetit A, Rung J, Qu HQ, Engert JC, Ta iH. Identification of susceptibility genes for complex diseases using pooling-based genome-wide association scans. Hum Genet. 2009 Apr;125(3):305-18.

1325. Pearson JV, Huentelman MJ, Halperin RF, Tembe WD, Melquist S, Homer N, Ta iH. Identification of the genetic basis for complex disorders by use of poolingbased genomewide single-nucleotidepolymorphism association studies. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Jan;80(1):126-39.

1326. Karjalainen J, Joki-Erkkila VP, Hulkkonen J, Pessi T, Nieminen MM, Aromaa A, Ta iH. The IL1A genotype is associated with nasal polyposis in asthmatic adults. Allergy. 2003 May;58(5):393-6.

1327. Mfuna Endam L, Cormier C, Bosse Y, Filali-Mouhim A, Desrosiers M. Association of IL1A, IL1B, and TNF gene polymorphisms with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis: A replication study. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2010 Feb;136(2):187-92.

1328. Bernstein JM, Anon JB, Rontal M, Conroy J, Wang C, Sucheston L. Genetic polymorphisms in chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Jul;119(7):1258-64.

1329. Erbek SS, Yurtcu E, Erbek S, Atac FB, Sahin FI, Cakmak O. Proinflammatory cytokine

1330. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2007 Jul;133(7):705-9.

1331. Endam LM, Bosse Y, Filali-Mouhim A, Cormier C, Boisvert P, Boulet LP, Ta iH. Polymorphisms in the interleukin-22 receptor alpha-1 gene are associated with severe chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2009 May;140(5):741-7.

1332. Kilty SJ, Desrosiers MY. Chronic sinusitis and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency : potential rol e for protease in rhinosinusitis? Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale. 2008 Dec;37(6):E179-82.

1333. Tewfik MA, Bosse Y, Lemire M, Hudson TJ, Vallee-Smejda S, Al-Shemari H, Ta iH. Polymorphisms in interleukin-1 receptorassociated kinase 4 are associated with total serum IgE. Allergy. 2009 May;64(5):746-53.

1334. Castano R, Bosse Y, Endam LM, Desrosiers M. Evidence of association of interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 gene polymorphisms with chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Jul-Aug;23(4):377-84.

1335. Park CS, Cho JH, Park YJ. Toll-like receptor 2 gene polymorphisms in a Korean population: association with chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011 Jan;144(1):96-100.

1336. Yea SS, Yang YI, Park SK, Jang WH, Lee SS, Seog DH, Ta iH. Interleukin-4 C-590T polymorphism is associated with protection against nasal polyps in a Korean population. American journal of rhinology. 2006 Sep-Oct;20(5):550-3.

1337. Pinto JM, Hayes MG, Schneider D, Naclerio RM, Ober C. A genomewide screen for chronic rhinosinusitis genes identifies a locus on chromosome 7q. The Laryngoscope. 2008 Nov;118(11):2067-72.

1338. Luxenberger W, Posch U, Berghold A, Hofmann T, Lang-Loidolt D. HLA patterns in patients with nasal polyposis. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2000;257(3):137-9.

1339. Molnar-Gabor E, Endreffy E, Rozsasi A. HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 genotypes in patients with nasal polyposis. The Laryngoscope. 2000 Mar;110(3 Pt 1):422-5.

1340. Fajardo-Dolci G, Solorio-Abreu J, Romero-Alvarez JC, Zavaleta-Villa B, Cerezo-Camacho O, Jimenez-Lucio R, Ta iH. DQA1 and DQB1 association and nasal polyposis. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. 2006;135(2):243-7.

1341. Ramirez-Anguiano J, Yamamoto-Furusho JK, Barquera R, Beltran O, Granados J. Association of HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 with sinonasal polyposis in Mexican Mestizos. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. 2006;135(1):90-3.

1342. Fruth K, Best N, Amro M, Ingel K, Gosepath J, Mann WJ, Ta iH. No evidence for a correlation of glutathione S-tranferase polymorphisms and chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2011 Jun;49(2):180-4.

1343. Platt MP, Soler Z, Metson R, Stankovic KM. Pathways analysis of molecular markers in chronic sinusitis with polyps. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011 May;144(5):802-8.

1344. Kerem E. Atypical CF and CF related diseases. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews. [Review]. 2006;7(SUPPL. 1):S144-S6.

1345. Cuppens H, Marynen P, De Boeck C, Cassiman JJ. Detection of 98. 5% of the mutations in 200 Belgian cystic fibrosis alleles by reverse dot-blot and sequencing of the complete coding region and exon/intron junctions of the TPM gene. Genomics. 1993 Dec;18(3):693-7.

1346. Davidson TM, Stearns G. Extended indications for endoscopic sinus surgery. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 1994 Jul;73(7):467-8, 73-4.

1347. Stern RC, Boat TF, Wood RE, Matthews LW, Doershuk CF. Treatment and prognosis of nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis. American journal of diseases of children (1960). 1982 Dec;136(12):1067-70.

1348. Kerrebijn JD, Poublon RM, Overbeek SE. Nasal and paranasal disease in adult cystic fibrosis patients. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 1992 Nov;5(10):1239-42.

1349. De Gaudemar I, Contencin P, Van den Abbeele T, Munck A, Navarro J, Narcy P. Is nasal polyposis in cystic fibrosis a direct manifestation of genetic mutation or a complication of chronic infection? Rhinology. 1996 Dec;34(4):194-7.

1350. Jorissen MB, De Boeck K, Cuppens H. Genotype-phenotype correlations for the paranasal sinuses in cystic fibrosis. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 1999 May;159(5 Pt 1):1412-6.

1351. Wang X, Moylan B, Leopold DA, Kim J, Rubenstein RC, Togias A, Ta iH. Mutation in the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis and predisposition to chronic rhinosinusitis in the general population. JAMA. 2000 Oct 11;284(14):1814-9.

1352. Singh M, Das RR. Zinc for the common cold. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2011(2):CD001364.

1353. Wu T, Zhang J, Qiu Y, Xie L, Liu GJ. Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2007(1):CD004782.

1354. Zalmanovici A, Yaphe J. Steroids for acute sinusitis. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2007(2):CD005149.

1355. Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Borisenko OV, Kovanen N, Varonen H, Rautakorpi UM, Williams JW, Jr., Ta iH. Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2008(2):CD000243.

1356. Lissiman E, Bhasale AL, Cohen M. Garlic for the common cold. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2009(3):CD006206.

1357. Kim SY, Chang YJ, Cho HM, Hwang YW, Moon YS. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the common cold. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2009(3):CD006362.

1358. Jefferson T, Del Mar C, Dooley L, Ferroni E, Al-Ansary LA, Bawazeer GA, Ta iH. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2010(1):CD006207.

1359. Kassel JC, King D, Spurling GK. Saline nasal i r r igat ion for acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2010(3):CD006821.

1360. Guppy MP, Mickan SM, Del Mar CB, Thorning S, Rack A. Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2011(2):CD004419.

1361. Albalawi ZH, Othman SS, Alfaleh K. Intranasal ipratropium bromide for the common cold. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Onl ine) . 2011(7):CD008231.

1362. Hao Q, Lu Z, Dong BR, Huang CQ, Wu T. Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2011;9:CD006895.

1363. De Sutter AI, van Driel ML, Kumar AA, Lesslar O, Skrt A. Oral antihistaminedecongestant-analgesic combinations for the common cold. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2012;2:CD004976.

1364. Singh M. Heated, humidified air for the common cold. Cochrane database of systematic rev iews (Onl ine) . 2011(5):CD001728.

1365. Arroll B. Common cold. Clinical evidence. 2011;2011.

1366. Douglas RM, Hemila H, Chalker E, Treacy B. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2007(3):CD000980.

1367. Keith PK, Dymek A, Pfaar O, Fokkens WJ, Kirbye SY. A randomised placebocontrolled study: fluticasone furoate nasal spray reduces symptoms of uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis. Primary Care Respiratory Journal. 2012;in press.

1368. Pilan RR, Pinna F, Bezerra TFP, Renata Lopes Mori RL, Voegels R. Prevalence of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Sao Paulo. Rhinology. 2012;50(in press).

1369. Natvig K, Larsen TE. Mucocele of the paranasal sinuses. A retrospective clinical and histological study. J Laryngol Otol. 1978 Dec;92(12):1075-82.

1370. Lund VJ, Hender son B, Song Y. Involvement of cytokines and vascular adhesion receptors in the pathology of fronto-ethmoidal mucocoeles. Acta Otolaryngol. 1993 Jul;113(4):540-6.

1371. Lund VJ. Anatomical considerations in the aetiology of fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles. Rhinology. 1987 Jun;25(2):83-8.

1372. Lloyd G, Lund VJ, Savy L, Howard D. Optimum imaging for mucoceles. J Laryngol Otol. 2000 Mar;114(3):233-6.

1373. Lund VJ, Milroy CM. Fronto-ethmoidal mucocoeles: a histopathological analysis. J Laryngol Otol. 1991 Nov;105(11):921-3.

1374. Kennedy DW, Josephson JS, Zinreich SJ, Mattox DE, Goldsmith MM. Endoscopic sinus surgery for mucoceles: a viable alternative. The Laryngoscope. 1989 Sep;99(9):885-95.

1375. Moriyama H, Nakajima T, Honda Y. Studies on mucocoeles of the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses: analysis of 47 cases. J Laryngol Otol. 1992 Jan;106(1):23-7.

1376. Benninger MS, Marks S. The endoscopic management of sphenoid and ethmoid mucoceles with orbital and intranasal extension. Rhinology. 1995 Sep;33(3):157-61.

1377. Lund VJ. Endoscopic management of paranasal sinus mucocoeles. J Laryngol Otol. 1998 Jan;112(1):36-40.

1378. Conboy PJ, Jones NS. The place of endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of paranasal sinus mucocoeles. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2003 Jun;28(3):207-10.

1379. Khong JJ, Malhotra R, Selva D, Wormald PJ. Efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery for paranasal sinus mucocele including modified endoscopic Lothrop procedure for frontal sinus mucocele. J Laryngol Otol. 2004 May;118(5):352-6.

1380. Bockmuhl U, Kratzsch B, Benda K, Draf W. Surgery for paranasal sinus mucocoeles: efficacy of endonasal micro-endoscopic management and long-term results of 185 patients. Rhinology. 2006 Mar;44(1):62-7.

1381. Beasley N JN. Paranasal sinus mucocoeles, modern management. American journal of rhinology. 1995(9):251-6.

1382. Bolger WE, Leonard D, Dick EJ, Jr., Stierna P. Gram negative sinusitis: a bacteriologic and hi s tologic s tudy in rabbits. American journal of rhinology. 1997 Jan- Feb;11(1):15-25.

1383. Khalid AN, Hunt J, Perloff JR, Kennedy DW. The role of bone in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2002 Nov;112(11):1951-7.

1384. Giacchi RJ, Lebowitz RA, Yee HT, Light JP, Jacobs JB. Histopathologic evaluation of the ethmoid bone in chronic sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2001 May-Jun;15(3):193-7.

1385. Jang YJ, Koo TW, Chung SY, Park SG. Bone involvement in chronic rhinosinusitis assessed by 99mTc-MDP bone SPECT. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 2002 Jun;27(3):156-61.

1386. Biedlingmaier JF, Whelan P, Zoarski G, Rothman M. Histopathology and CT analysis of partially resected middle turbinates. The Laryngoscope. 1996 Jan;106(1 Pt 1):102-4.

1387. Kim HY, Dhong HJ, Lee HJ, Chung YJ, Yim YJ, Oh JW, Ta iH. Hyperostosis may affect prognosis after primary endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. 2006;135(1):94-9.

1388. Georgalas C, Videler W, Freling N, Fokkens W. Global Osteitis Scoring Scale and chronic rhinosinusitis: a marker of revision surgery. Clin Otolaryngol. 2010 Dec;35(6):455-61.

1389. Eggesbo HB. Radiological imaging of inflammatory lesions in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. European radiology. 2006 Apr;16(4):872-88.

1390. Lund VJ, Lloyd GA. Radiological changes associated with benign nasal polyps. J Laryngol Otol. 1983 Jun;97(6):503-10.

1391. Som PM, Lawson W, Lidov MW. Simulated aggressive skull base erosion in response to benign sinonasal disease. Radiology. 1991 Sep;180(3):755-9.

1392. Lund VJ, Lloyd G, Savy L, Howard D. Fungal rhinosinusitis. J Laryngol Otol. 2000 an;114(1):76-80.

1393. Lundgren S, Andersson S, Sennerby L. Spontaneous bone formation in the maxillary sinus after removal of a cyst: coincidence or consequence? Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2003;5(2):78-81.

1394. Maitra S, Gupta D, Radojkovic M, Sood S. Osseous metaplasia of the maxillary s inus wi th formation of a well - developed haversian system and bone marrow. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2009 Sep;88(9):1115-20.

1395. Kim YK, Kim HJ, Kim J, Chung SK, Kim E, Ko YH, Ta IH. Nasal polyps with metaplastic ossification: CT and MR imaging findings. Neuroradiology. 2010 Dec;52(12):1179-84.

1396. Kurimoto T, Tonari M, Ishizaki N, Matsuo J, Oku H, Sugasawa J, Ta IH. A case of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis associated with optic neuropathy. Clin Ophthalmol. 2011;5:853-6.

1397. Bizzoni A, Bolzoni Villaret A, Lombardi D, Tomenzoli D, Danzi P, Semeraro F, Ta IH. Isolated sphenoid inflammatory diseases associated with visual impairment: 15-year experience at a single institution. Rhinology. 2011 Jun;49(2):202-6.

1398. Hens G, Hel l ings PW. The nose: gatekeeper and trigger of bronchial disease. Rhinology. 2006 Sep;44(3):179-87.

1399. Johansson A, Bende M, Millqvist E, Bake B. Nasobronchial relationship after cold air provocation. Respiratory medicine. 2000 Nov;94(11):1119-22.

1400. Koskela HO, Koskela AK, Tukiaineu HO. Bronchoconstriction due to cold weather in COPD. The roles of direct airway effects and cutaneous reflex mechanisms. Chest. 1996 Sep;110(3):632-6.

1401. Hens G, Raap U, Vanoirbeek J, Meyts I, Callebaut I, Verbinnen B, Ta IH. Selective Nasal Allergen Provocation Induces Subs tance P-mediated Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2010 Jun 10.

1402. Denburg JA, Keith PK. Systemic aspects of chronic rhinosinusitis. Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. 2004 Feb;24(1):87-102.

1403. Barnes KC. Genetic epidemiology of health disparities in allergy and clinical immunology. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2006 Feb;117(2):243-54; quiz 55-6.

1404. Braunstahl GJ, Hellings PW. Nasobronchial interaction mechanisms in allergic airways disease. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2006 Jun;14(3):176-82.

1405. Ponikau JU, Sherris DA, Kephart GM, Kern EB, Gaffey TA, Tarara JE, Ta IH. Features of airway remodeling and eosinophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis: is the histopathology similar to asthma? The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2003 Nov;112(5):877-82.

1406. Matsuno O, Ono E, Takenaka R, Okubo T, Takatani K, Ueno T, Ta IH. Asthma and sinusitis: association and implication. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2008;147(1):52-8.

1407. ten Brinke A, Grootendorst DC, Schmidt JT, De Bruine FT, van Buchem MA, Sterk PJ, Ta IH. Chronic sinusitis in severe asthma is related to sputum eosinophilia. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2002 Apr;109(4):621-6.

1408. Hellings PW, Hens G, Meyts I, Bullens D, Vanoirbeek J, Gevaer t P, Ta IH. Aggravation of bronchial eosinophilia in mice by nasal and bronchial exposure to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2006 Aug;36(8):1063-71.

1409. Kountak i s SE, Bradley DT. Effect of asthma on s inus computed tomography grade and symptom scores in patients undergoing revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery. American journal of rhinology. 2003 Jul-Aug;17(4):215-9.

1410. Nishioka GJ, Cook PR, Davis WE, McKinsey JP. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic sinusitis and asthma. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1994 Jun;110(6):494-500.

1411. Dinis PB, Gomes A. Sinusitis and asthma: how do they interrelate in sinus surgery? American journal of rhinology. 1997 Nov- Dec;11(6):421-8.

1412. Dhong HJ, Jung YS, Chung SK, Choi DC. Effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on asthmatic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2001 Jan;124(1):99-104.

1413. Proimos E, Papadakis CE, Chimona TS, Kiagiadaki D, Ferekidis E, Yiotakis J. The effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on patients with asthma and CRS with nasal polyps. Rhinology. 2010 Sep;48(3):331-8.

1414. Senior BA, Kennedy DW, Tanabodee J, Kroger H, Hassab M, Lanza DC. Long-term impact of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on asthma. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1999 Jul;121(1):66-8.

1415. Manning SC, Wasserman RL, Silver R, Phillips DL. Results of endoscopic sinus surgery in pediatric patients with chronic sinusitis and asthma. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1994 Oct;120(10):1142-5.

1416. Ikeda K, Tanno N, Tamura G, Suzuki H, Oshima T, Shimomura A, Ta IH. Endoscopic sinus surgery improves pulmonary function in patients with asthma associated with chronic sinusitis. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 1999 Apr;108(4):355-9.

1417. Dejima K, Hama T, Miyazaki M, Yasuda S, Fukushima K, Oshima A, Ta IH. A clinical study of endoscopic sinus surger y for sinusitis in patients with bronchial asthma. International archives of allergy and immunology. [10. 1159/000088430]. 2005;138(2):97-104.

1418. Goldstein MF, Grundfast SK, Dunsky EH, Dvorin DJ, Lesser R. Effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on bronchial a s thma out come s . Archives of otolaryngology-head & neck surgery. 1999 Mar;125(3):314-9.

1419. Amar YG, Frenkiel S, Sobol SE. Outcome analysis of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis in patients having Samter 's triad. J Otolaryngol. 2000 Feb;29(1):7-12.

1420. Batra PS, Kern RC, Tripathi A, Conley DB, Ditto AM, Haines GK, 3rd, Ta IH. Outcome analysis of endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with nasal polyps and asthma. The Laryngoscope. 2003 Oct;113(10):1703-6.

1421. Chambers DW, Davis WE, Cook PR, Ni shiok a GJ, Rudman DT. Longterm outcome analysis of functional endoscopic sinus surgery: correlation of symptoms with endoscopic examination findings and potential prognostic variables. The Laryngoscope. 1997 Apr;107(4):504-10.

1422. Ragab S, Scadding GK, Lund VJ, Saleh H. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis and its effects on asthma. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 2006 Jul;28(1):68-74.

1423. Ragab A, Clement P, Vincken W. Objective assessment of lower airway involvement in chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2004 Jan-Feb;18(1):15-21.

1424. Szczeklik A, Stevenson DD. Aspirinin duced asthma : advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, a n d management. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2003 May;111(5):913-21; quiz 22.

1425. Uri N, Cohen-Kerem R, Barzilai G, Greenberg E, Doweck I, Weiler- Ravell D. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of massive polyposis in asthmatic patients. J Laryngol Otol. 2002 Mar;116(3):185-9.

1426. Ehnhage A, Olsson P, Kolbeck KG, Skedinger M, Dahlen B, Alenius M, Ta IH. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery improved asthma symptoms as well as PEFR and olfaction in patients with nasal polyposis. Allergy. 2009 May;64(5):762-9.

1427. Ragab SM, Hassanin MZ. Optimizing the surgical field in pediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a new evidence-based approach. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery 2010 Jan;142(1):48-54.

1428. Marshak T, Rivlin Y, Bentur L, Ronen O, Uri N. Prevalence of rhinosinusitis among atypical cystic fibrosis patients. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German 2011 Apr;268(4):519-24.

1429. Godoy JM, Godoy AN, Ribalta G, Largo I. Bacterial pattern in chronic sinusitis and cystic fibrosis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011 Oct;145(4):673-6.

1430. Kovell LC, Wang J, Ishman SL, Zeitlin PL, Boss EF. Cystic fibrosis and sinusitis in children: outcomes and socioeconomic status. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011 Jul;145(1):146-53.

1431. Hurst JR, Wilkinson TM, Donaldson GC, Wedzicha JA. Upper airway symptoms and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respiratory medicine. 2004 Aug;98(8):767-70.

1432. Hens G, Vanaudenaerde BM, Bullens DM, Piessens M, Decramer M, Dupont LJ, Ta iH. Sinonasal pathology in nonallergic asthma and COPD: 'united airway disease' beyond the scope of allergy. Allergy. 2008 Mar;63(3):261-7.

1433. Guilemany JM, Angrill J, Alobid I, Centellas S, Pujols L, Bartra J, Ta iH. United airways again: high prevalence of rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps in bronchiectasis. Allergy. 2009 May;64(5):790-7.

1434. Guilemany JM, Marino-Sanchez FS, Angrill J, Alobid I, Centellas S, Pujols L, Ta iH. The importance of smell in patients with bronchiectasis. Respiratory medicine. 2011 Jan;105(1):44-9.

1435. Bulgarelli R, De Maestri A, Vento R. [The bronchosinusal syndrome in children. Chronic or recurrent sinusitis and bronchitis. Sinusitis and bronchial asthma. Kartagener's syndrome. Mounier-Kahn syndrome. The bronchosinusal syndrome in pancreatic cystic fibrosis and in agammaglobulinemia]. Minerva Pediatr. 1961 Sep 15;13:1163-96.

1436. Wise SK, Kingdom T T, McKean L, DelGaudio JM, Venkatraman G. Presence of fungus in sinus cultures of cystic fibrosis patients. American journal of rhinology. 2005;19(1):47-51.

1437. Hansen SK, Rau MH, Johansen HK, Ciofu O, Jelsbak L, Yang L, Ta iH. Evolution and diversification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the paranasal sinuses of cystic fibrosis children have implications for chronic lung infection. The ISME journal. 2012 Jan;6(1):31-45.

1438. Aanaes K, Rickelt LF, Johansen HK, von Buchwald C, Pressler T, Hoiby N, Ta iH. Decreased mucosal oxygen tension in the maxillary sinuses in patients with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society. 2011 Mar;10(2):114-20.

1439. Owens JM, Shroyer KR, Kingdom TT. Expression of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes in sinonasal mucosa of patients with cystic fibrosis. Archives of otolaryngology- head & neck surgery. 2008 Aug;134(8):825-31.

1440. Roca-Ferrer J, Pujols L, Gartner S, Moreno A, Pumarola F, Mullol J, Ta iH. Upregulation of COX-1 and COX-2 in nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2006;61(7):592-6.

1441. Schraven SP, Wehrmann M, Wagner W, Blumenstock G, Koitschev A. Prevalence and histopathology of chronic polypoid sinusitis in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society. 2011 May;10(3):181-6.

1442. Wu X, Amorn MM, Aujla PK, Rice S, Mimms R, Wat son AM, Ta iH. Histologic characteristics and mucinimmunohis tochemistry of cystic fibrosis sinus mucosa. Archives of 2011 Apr;137(4):383-9.

1443. Knipping S, Holzhausen HJ, Riederer A, Bloching M. Cystic fibrosis: ultrastructural changes of nasal mucosa. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2007 Dec;264(12):1413-8.

1444. Woodwor th BA, Wood R, Baatz JE, Schlosser RJ. Sinonasal sur factant protein A1, A2, and D gene expression in cystic fibrosis: a preliminary report. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2007 Jul;137(1):34-8.

1445. Seifert CM, Harvey RJ, Mathews JW, Meyer TA, Ahn C, Woodworth BA, Ta IH. Temporal bone pneumatization and its relationship to paranasal sinus development in cystic fibrosis. Rhinology. 2010 Jun;48(2):233-8.

1446. Feuillet-Fieux MN, Lenoir G, Sermet I, Elie C, Djadi-Prat J, Ferrec M, Ta IH. Nasal polyposis and cystic fibrosis(CF): review of the literature. Rhinology. 2011 Aug;49(3):347-55.

1447. Castellani C, Quinzii C, Altieri S, Mastella G, Assael BM. A pilot survey of cystic fibrosis clinical manifestations in TPM mutation heterozygotes. Genet Test. 2001 Fall;5(3):249-54.

1448. Raman V, Clary R, Siegrist KL, Zehnbauer B, Chatila TA. Increased prevalence of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in children with chronic rhinosinusitis. Pediatrics. 2002 Jan;109(1):E13.

1449. Wang X, Kim J, McWilliams R, Cutting GR. Increased prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in carriers of a cystic fibrosis mutation. Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery. 2005;131(3):237-40.

1450. Babins kiD, Tr awinska -Bartnicka M. Rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis: not a simple stor y. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 May;72(5):619-24.

1451. Cimmino M, Nardone M, Cavaliere M, Plantulli A, Sepe A, Esposito V, Ta IH. Dornase alfa as postoperative therapy in cystic fibrosis sinonasal disease. Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery. 2005;131(12):1097-101.

1452. Mainz JG, Schiller I, Ritschel C, Mentzel HJ, Riethmuller J, Koitschev A, Ta IH. Sinonasal inhalation of dornase alfa in CF: A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2011 Apr;38(2):220-7.

1453. Lim M, Citardi MJ, Leong JL. Topical antimicrobials in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review. American journal of rhinology. 2008 Jul-Aug;22(4):381-9.

1454. Wagner JA, Nepomuceno IB, Messner AH, Moran ML, Batson EP, Dimiceli S, Ta IH. A phase II, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of tgAAVCF using maxillary sinus delivery in patients with cystic fibrosis with antrostomies. Hum Gene Ther. 2002 Jul 20;13(11):1349-59.

1455. Moss RB, King VV. Management of sinusitis in cystic fibrosis by endoscopic surgery and serial antimicrobial lavage. Reduction in recurrence requiring surgery. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1995 May;121(5):566-72.

1456. Khalid AN, Mace J, Smith TL. Outcomes of sinus surgery in adults with cystic fibrosis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2009 Sep;141(3):358-63.

1457. Cho DY, Hwang PH. Results of endoscopic maxillary mega-antrostomy in recalcitrant maxillary sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2008 Nov-Dec;22(6):658-62.

1458. Coste A, Idrissi F, Beautru R, Lenoir G, Reinert P, Manach Y, Ta IH. [Endoscopic endonasal ethmoidectomy in severe sinusitis of cystic fibrosis. Mid-term results in 12 patients]. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac. 1997;114(4):99-104.

1459. Holzmann D, Speich R, Kaufmann T, Laube I, Russi EW, Simmen D, Ta IH. Effects of sinus surgery in patients with cystic fibrosis after lung transplantation: a 10-year experience. Transplantation. 2004 Jan 15;77(1):134-6.

1460. Duplechain JK, White JA, Miller RH. Pediatric sinusitis. The role of endoscopic sinus surgery in cystic fibrosis and other forms of sinonasal disease. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1991 Apr;117(4):422-6.

1461. Jones JW, Parsons DS, Cuyler JP. The results of functional endoscopic sinus (FES) surgery on the symptoms of patients with cystic fibrosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1993 Dec;28(1):25-32.

1462. Samter M, Beers RF, Jr. Intolerance to aspirin. Clinical studies and consideration of its pathogenesis. Ann Intern Med. 1968 May;68(5):975-83.

1463. Berges-Gimeno MP, S imon RA, Stevenson DD. The natural histor y and clinical characteristics of aspirinexacerbated respiratory disease. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2002 Nov;89(5):474-8.

1464. Kowalski ML, Makowska JS, Blanca M, Bavbek S, Bochenek G, Bousquet J, Ta iH. Hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-classification, diagnosis and management: review of the EAACI/ENDA(#) and GA2L EN/HANNA* . Al lergy. 2011 Jul;66(7):818-29.

1465. Settipane G. Nasal polyps: Epidemiology, pathology, immunology, and treatment. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 1987(1):119-26.

1466. K owalski ML . Aspirin - sensitive rhinosinusitis and asthma. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2007;19:147-75.

1467. Vento SI, Ertama LO, Hytonen ML, Wolff CH, Malmberg CH. Nasal polyposis: clinical course during 20 years. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2000 Sep;85(3):209-14.

1468. Kowalski M. Nasal Polyposis In aspirinhypersensitive patients with asthma and aspirin-tolerant patients J World Allergy org. 2003(15):246-50.

1469. Szczeklik A, Gryglewski RJ, Czerniawska- Mysik G. Relationship of inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by analgesics to asthma attacks in aspirin-sensitive patients. Br Med J. 1975 Jan 11;1(5949):67-9.

1470. Stevenson DD, Szczeklik A. Clinical and pathologic perspectives on aspirin sensitivity and asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2006 Oct;118(4):773-86; quiz 87-8.

1471. Kowalski ML, Sliwinska-Kowalska M, Igarashi Y, White MV, Wojciechowska B, Brayton P, Ta iH. Nasal secretions in response to acetylsalicylic acid. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1993 Feb;91(2):580-98.

1472. Fischer AR, Rosenberg MA, Lilly CM, Callery JC, Rubin P, Cohn J, Ta iH. Direct evidence for a role of the mast cell in the nasal response to aspirin in aspirinsensitive asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1994 Dec;94(6 Pt 1):1046-56.

1473. Nasser S, Christie PE, Pfister R, Sousa AR, Walls A, Schmitz-Schumann M, Ta iH. Effect of endobronchial aspirin challenge on inflammatory cells in bronchial biopsy samples from aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects. Thorax. 1996 Jan;51(1):64-70.

1474. Kowalski ML, Grzegorczyk J, Wojciechowska B, Poniatowska M. Intranasal challenge with aspirin induces cell influx and activation of eosinophils and mast cells in nasal secretions of ASA-sensitive patients. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1996 Jul;26(7):807-14.

1475. Picado C, Ramis I, Rosello J, Prat J, Bulbena O, Plaza V, Ta iH. Release of peptide leukotriene into nasal secretions after local instillation of aspirin in aspirinsensitive asthmatic patients. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Jan;145(1):65-9.

1476. Pawliczak R, Lewandowska-Polak A, Kowalski ML. Pathogenesis of nasal polyps: An update. Current Allergy & Asthma Reports. [Review]. 2005;5(6):463-71.

1477. Jankowsk i R. Eos inophi l s in the Pathophysiology of Nasal Polyposis. Acta Otolaryngol. 1996;116(2):160-3.

1478. Kowalski ML, Lewandowska A, Wozniak J, Makowska J, Jankowski A, DuBuske L. Inhibition of nasal polyp mast cell and eosinophil activation by desloratadine. Allergy. 2005;60(1):80-5.

1479. Varga EM, Jacobson MR, Masuyama K, Rak S, Till SJ, Darby Y, Ta iH. Inflammatory cell populations and cytokine mRNA expression in the nasal mucosa in aspirinsensitive rhinitis. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 1999 Sep;14(3):610-5.

1480. Pods R, Ross D, van Hulst S, Rudack C, Maune S. RANTES, eotaxin and eotaxin-2 expression and production in patients with aspirin triad. Allergy. 2003 Nov;58(11):1165-70.

1481. Bachert C. Nasal polyposis- a new concept on the formation of polyps. ACI International. 1999;11(4):130-5.

1482. Kowalski ML, Grzegorczyk J, Pawliczak R, Kornatowski T, Wagrowska-Danilewicz M, Danilewicz M. Decreased apoptosis and distinct profile of infiltrating cells in the nasal polyps of patients with aspirin hypersensitivity. Allergy. 2002 Jun;57(6):493-500.

1483. Suh YJ, Yoon SH, Sampson AP, Kim HJ, Kim SH, Nahm DH, Ta iH. Specific immunoglobulin E for staphylococcal enterotoxins in nasal polyps from patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2004 Aug;34(8):1270-5.

1484. Perez-Novo CA, Kowalski ML, Kuna P, Ptasinska A, Holtappels G, van Cauwenberge P, Ta iH. Aspirin sensitivity and IgE antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in nasal polyposis: studies on the relationship. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004 Mar;133(3):255-60.

1485. Perez-Novo AA, Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz M, Lewandowska-Polak A, Claeys C, Holtappels G, van Cauwenberge P, Ta iH. T cell inflammatory response, Foxp3 and TNFRS18-L regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with nasal polyps-asthma after staphylococcal superantigen stimulation. Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 2010;40:1323-32.

1486. Pawankar R. Nasal polyposis: an update: editorial review. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Feb;3(1):1-6.

1487. Mudd PA, Katial RK, Alam R, Hohensee S, Ramak r i shnan V, Kingdom T T. Variations in expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in nasal mucosa of aspirin-sensitive versus aspirin-tolerant patients with nasal polyposis. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2011 Oct;107(4):353-9.

1488. Sekigawa T, Tajima A, Hasegawa T, Hasegawa Y, Inoue H, Sano Y, Ta iH. Geneexpression profiles in human nasal polyp tissues and identification of genetic susceptibility in aspirin-intolerant asthma. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2009 Jul;39(7):972-81.

1489. Cheong HS, Park SM, Kim MO, Park JS, Lee JY, Byun JY, Ta iH. Genome-wide methylation profile of nasal polyps: relation to aspirin hypersensitivity in asthmatics. Allergy. 2011 May;66(5):637-44.

1490. Zander KA, Saavedra MT, West J, Scapa V, Sanders L, Kingdom TT. Protein microarray analysis of nasal polyps from aspirinsensitive and aspirin-tolerant patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 May-Jun;23(3):268-72.

1491. Kim TH, Lee JY, Park JS, Park SW, Jang AS, Byun JY, Ta iH. Fatty Acid binding protein 1 is related with development of aspirinexacerbated respiratory disease. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e22711.

1492. Szczeklik A, Gryglewski RJ, Olszewski E, Dembinska-Kiec A, Czerniawska-Mysik G. Aspirin-sensitive asthma: the effect of aspirin on the release of prostaglandins from nasal polyps. Pharmacol Res Commun. 1977 May;9(5):415-25.

1493. Kowalski ML, Pawliczak R, Wozniak J, Siuda K, Poniatowska M, Iwaszkiewicz J, Ta iH. Differential metabolism of arachidonic acid in nasal polyp epithelial cells cultured from aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-tolerant patients. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2000 Feb;161(2Pt 1):391-8.

1494. Picado C, Bioque G, Roca-Ferrer J, Pujols L, Mullol J, Benitez P, Ta iH. Nuclear factorkappaB activity is down-regulated in nasal polyps from aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. Allergy. 2003 Feb;58(2):122-6.

1495. Pujols L, Mullol J, Alobid I, Roca-Ferrer J, Xaubet A, Picado C. Dynamics of COX-2 in nasal mucosa and nasal polyps from aspirin-tolerant and aspirin-intolerant patients with asthma. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2004;114(4):814-9.

1496. Yoshimura T, Yoshikawa M, Otori N, Haruna S, Moriyama H. Correlation between the prostaglandin D(2)/E(2) ratio in nasal polyps and the recalcitrant pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis associated with bronchial asthma. Allergol Int. 2008 Dec;57(4):429-36.

1497. Ying S, Meng Q, Scadding G, Parikh A, Corrigan CJ, Lee TH. Aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis is associated with reduced E-prostanoid 2 receptor expression on nasal mucosal inflammatory cells. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2006;117(2):312-8.

1498. Yamashita T, Tsuji H, Maeda N, Tomoda K, Kumazawa T. Etiology of nasal polyps associated with aspirin-sensitive asthma. Rhinol Suppl. 1989;8:15-24.

1499. Jung TT, Juhn SK, Hwang D, Stewart R. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other arachidonic acid metabolites in nasal polyps and nasal mucosa. The Laryngoscope. 1987 Feb;97(2):184-9.

1500. Perez-Novo C, Watelet JB, Claeys C, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Prostaglandin, leukotriene, and lipoxin balance in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2005;115(6):1189-96.

1501. Owens JM, Shroyer KR, Kingdom TT. Expression of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes in nasal polyps of aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-tolerant patients. Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery. 2006;132(6):579-87.

1502. Adamjee J, Suh HJ, Park HS, Choi JH, Penrose JF, Lam BK, Ta iH. Expression of 5- lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathway enzymes in nasal polyps of patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma. Journal of Pathology. 2006;209(3):392-9.

1503. Corrigan C, Mallett K, Ying S, Roberts D, Parikh A, Scadding G, Ta iH. Expression of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptors cysLT1 and cysLT2 in aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-tolerant chronic rhinosinusitis. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2005;115(2):316-22.

1504. Kim JE, Kountakis SE. The prevalence of Samter's triad in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2007 Jul;86(7):396-9.

1505. Lumry WR, Curd JG, Zeiger RS, Pleskow WW, Stevenson DD. Aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis: the clinical syndrome and effects of aspirin administration. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1983 Jun;71(6):580-7.

1506. Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Bochenek G, Mastalerz L, Swierczynska M, Picado C, Scadding G, Ta iH. EAACI/GA2LEN guideline: aspirin provocation tests for diagnosis of aspirin hypersensitivity. Allergy. 2007 Oct;62(10):1111-8.

1507. McDonald JR, Mathison DA, Stevenson DD. Aspirin intolerance in asthma. Detection by oral challenge. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1972 Oct;50(4):198-207.

1508. Stevenson DD. Approach to the patient with a history of adverse reactions to aspirin or NSAIDs: diagnosis and treatment . Al lergy and a s thma proceedings : the official journal of regional and state allergy societies. 2000 Jan-Feb;21(1):25-31.

1509. Bianco. Aspirin induced tolerance in aspirin asthma detectected by a new challenge test IRCS J Med Sci. 1977;5:129.

1510. Dahlen B, Zetterstrom O. Comparison of bronchial and per oral provocation with aspirin in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 1990 May;3(5):527-34.

1511. Nizankowska E, Bestynska-Krypel A, Cmiel A, Szczeklik A. Oral and bronchial provocation tests with aspirin for diagnosis of aspirin-induced asthma. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 2000 May;15(5):863-9.

1512. Milewski M, Mastalerz L, Nizankowska E, Szczeklik A. Nasal provocation test with lysine- aspirin for diagnosis of aspirin-sensitive asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1998 May;101(5):581-6.

1513. Casadevall J, Ventura PJ, Mullol J, Picado C. Intranasal challenge with aspirin in the diagnosis of aspirin intolerant asthma: evaluation of nasal response by acoustic rhinometry. Thorax. 2000 Nov;55(11):921-4.

1514. Kowalski ML, Makowska J. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with aspirin hypersensitivity : safety of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors. Treatments in respiratory medicine. 2006;5(6):399-406.

1515. Ragab S, Parikh A, Darby YC, Scadding GK. An open audit of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in nasal polyposis associated with asthma. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2001 Sep;31(9):1385-91.

1516. Dahlen B. The Swedish-Polish treatment study with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor Zileuton in aspirin-intolerant asthmatics. J Resp Crit Care Med. 1995;151(A):376-0.

1517. McFadden EA, Woodson BT, Fink JN, Toohill RJ. Surgical treatment of aspirin triad sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 1997 Jul-Aug;11(4):263-70.

1518. Awad OG, Fasano MB, Lee JH, Graham SM. Asthma outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery in aspirin-tolerant versus aspirin-induced asthmatic patients. American journal of rhinology. 2008 Mar-Apr;22(2):197-203.

1519. Awad OG, Lee JH, Fasano MB, Graham SM. Sinonasal outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery in asthmatic patients with nasal polyps: a difference between aspirin-tolerant and aspirin-induced asthma? The Lar yngoscope. 2008 Jul;118(7):1282-6.

1520. Katotomichelakis M, Riga M, Davris S, Tripsianis G, Simopoulou M, Nikolettos N, Ta iH. Allergic rhinitis and aspirinexacerbated respiratory disease as predictors of the olfactory outcome after endoscopic sinus surgery. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 May-Jun;23(3):348-53.

1521. Mendelsohn D, Jeremic G, Wright ED, Rotenberg BW. Revision rates after endoscopic sinus surgery: a recurrence analysis. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2011 Mar;120(3):162-6.

1522. Pleskow WW, Stevenson DD, Mathison DA, Simon RA, Schatz M, Zeiger RS. Aspirin desensitization in aspirin-sensitive asthmatic patients: clinical manifestations and characterization of the refractory period. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1982 Jan;69(1 Pt 1):11-9.

1523. Berges-Gimeno MP, Simon RA, Stevenson DD. Long-term treatment with aspirin desensitization in asthmatic patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2003 Jan;111(1):180-6.

1524. Stevenson DD, Hankammer MA, Mathison DA, Christiansen SC, Simon RA. Aspirin desensitization treatment of aspirinsensitive patients with rhinosinusitisasthma: long-term outcomes. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1996 Oct;98(4):751-8.

1525. Lee RU, Stevenson DD. Aspi r inexacerbated respi rator y di sease: evaluation and management. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2011 Jan;3(1):3-10.

1526. Forer B, Kivity S, Sade J, Landsberg R. Aspirin desensitization for ASA triad patients-prospective study of the rhinologist's perspective. Rhinology. 2011 Mar;49(1):95-9.

1527. Scadding GK, Hassab M, Darby YC, Lund VJ, Freedman A. Intranasal lysine aspirin in recurrent nasal polyposis. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 1995 Dec;20(6):561-3.

1528. Parikh AA, Scadding GK. Intranasal lysineaspirin in aspirin-sensitive nasal polyposis: A controlled trial. The Laryngoscope. 2005;115(8):1385-90.

1529. Ogata N, Darby Y, Scadding G. Intranasal lysine-aspirin administration decreases polyp volume in patients with aspirinintolerant asthma. J Laryngol Otol. 2007 Dec;121(12):1156- 60.

1530. Lee RU, White AA, Ding D, Dursun AB, Woessner KM, Simon RA, Ta iH. Use of intranasal ketorolac and modified oral aspirin challenge for desensitization of aspirin-exacerbated respirator y disease. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2010 Aug;105(2):130-5.

1531. Alqudah M, Graham SM, Ballas ZK. High prevalence of humoral immunodeficiency pat ient s wi th ref ractor y chronic rhinosinusitis . Amer ican journal of rhinology & allergy. 2010 Nov-Dec;24(6):409-12.

1532. Vanlerberghe L, Joniau S, Jorissen M. The prevalence of humoral immunodeficiency in refractory rhinosinusitis: a retrospective analysis. B-ENT. 2006;2(4):161-6.

1533. Carr TF, Koterba AP, Chandra R, Grammer LC, Conley DB, Harris KE, Ta iH. Characterization of specific antibody deficiency in adults with medically refractory chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2011 Jul-Aug;25(4):241-4.

1534. Urschel S, Kayikci L, Wintergerst U, Notheis G, Jansson A, Belohradsky BH. Common variable immunodeficiency disorders in children: delayed diagnosis despite typical clinical presentation. J Pediatr. 2009 Jun;154(6):888-94.

1535. Quinti I, Soresina A, Spadaro G, Martino S, Donnanno S, Agostini C, Ta iH. Longterm follow- up and outcome of a large cohort of patients with common variable immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol. 2007 May;27(3):308-16.

1536. Joshi AY, Iyer VN, Hagan JB, St Sauver JL, Boyce TG. Incidence and temporal trends of primary immunodeficiency: a population-based cohor t study. Mayo Clinic proceedings Mayo Clinic. 2009;84(1):16-22.

1537. Aghamohammadi A, Moazzami K, Rezaei N, Karimi A, Movahedi M, Gharagozlou M, Ta iH. ENT manifestations in Iranian pat ient s wi th pr imar y ant ibody deficiencies. J Laryngol Otol. 2008 Apr;122(4):409-13.

1538. Cheng YK, Decker PA, O'Byrne MM, Weiler CR. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of 75 patients with specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency syndrome. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2006 Sep;97(3):306-11.

1539. Stiehm ER. The four most common pediatric immunodeficiencies. Journal of immunotoxicology. 2008 Apr;5(2):227-34.

1540. Oksenhendler E, Gerard L, Fieschi C, Malphettes M, Mouillot G, Jaussaud R, Ta iH. Infections in 252 patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Cl inical infect ious di seases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2008 May 15;46(10):1547-54.

1541. Kainulainen L, Suonpaa J, Nikoskelainen J, Svedstrom E, Vuorinen T, Meurman O, Ta iH. Bacteria and viruses in maxillary sinuses of patients with pr imar y hypogammaglobulinemia. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2007 Jun;133(6):597-602.

1542. Bondioni MP, Duse M, Plebani A, Soresina A, Notarangelo LD, Berlucchi M, Ta iH. Pulmonar y and sinusal changes in 45 patients with primary immunodeficiencies : comput e d tomography evaluation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2007 Jul-Aug;31(4):620-8.

1543. Rose MA, S chuber t R, Schmitt - Grohe S, Reichenbach J, Zielen S. Immunoglobulins and inflammatory cytokines in nasal secretions in humoral immunodeficiencies. The Laryngoscope. 2006 Feb;116(2):239-44.

1544. Khalid AN, Mace JC, Smith TL. Outcomes of sinus surgery in ambulatory patients with immune dysfunction. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2010 May-Jun;24(3):230-3.

1545. Moon BJ, Han JH, Jang YJ, Lee BJ, Chung YS. Effect of chronic rhinosinusitis on liver transplant patients. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Sep-Oct;23(5):492-6.

1546. Tomazic P, Neuschitzer A, Koele W, Lang- Loidolt D. Feasibility of routine paranasal sinus CT-scans in preoperative transplant patients. Annals of transplantation : quarterly of the Polish Transplantation Society. 2011 Jun 30;16(2):31-5.

1547. DelGaudio JM, Martinez EJ. Endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic hepatic failure awaiting liver transplant. Amer i c an journa l of rhinology. 2004;18(4):253-8.

1548. Sun HY, Forrest G, Gupta KL, Aguado JM, Lortholary O, Julia MB, Ta iH. Rhino- orbitalcerebral zygomycosis in solid organ transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2010 Jul 15;90(1):85-92.

1549. Thompson AM, Couch M, Zahurak ML, Johnson C, Vogelsang GB. Risk factors for post-stem cell transplant sinusitis. Bone marrow transplantation. 2002 Feb;29(3):257-61.

1550. Ortiz E, Nakamura E, Magalhaes R, Souza CA, Chone CT, Vigorito AC, Ta iH. Prognostic value of sinus CT scans in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology. 2010 Sep-Oct;76(5):618-22.

1551. Moeller CW, Martin J, Welch KC. Sinonasal evaluation preceding hematopoietic transplantation. Otolaryngology—head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011 May;144(5):796-801.

1552. Won YW, Yi SY, Jang JH, Kim K, Kim SJ, Kim WS, Ta IH. Retrospective analysis of paranasal sinusitis in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. International journal of hematology. 2011 Mar;93(3):383-8.

1553. Arulrajah S, Symons H, Cahoon EK, Tekes A, Huisman TA, Izbudak I. Relationship between clinical sinusitis symptoms and sinus CT severity in pediatric post bone marrow transplant and immunocompetent patients. European journal of pediatrics. 2012 Feb;171(2):375-81.

1554. Chen CY, Sheng WH, Cheng A, Chen YC, Tsay W, Tang JL, Ta IH. Invasive fungal sinusitis in patients with haematological malignancy: 15 years experience in a single university hospital in Taiwan. BMC infectious diseases. 2011;11:250.

1555. Zappasodi P, Rossi M, Castagnola C, Pagella F, Matti E, Cavanna C, Ta IH. Resolution of invasive fungal sinusitis in immunocompromised patients: neutrophil count is crucial beside a combined medical and surgical approach. Annals of hematology. 2010 Jul;89(7):737-9.

1556. Kontoyiannis DP. Antifungal prophylaxis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: the unfinished tale of imperfect success. Bone marrow transplantation. 2011 Feb;46(2):165-73.

1557. Lionakis MS, Kontoyiannis DP. Sinus zygomycosis in a patient receiving voriconazole prophylaxis. British journal of haematology. 2005 Apr;129(1):2.

1558. Miziara ID, Araujo Filho BC, De La Cortina RC, Romano FR, Lima AS. Chronic rhinosinusitis in HIV-infected patients: Radiological and clinical evaluation. Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia. 2005;71(5):604-8.

1559. Belafsky PC, Amedee R, Moore B, Kissinger PJ. The association between sinusitis and survival among individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. American journal of rhinology. 2001 Sep-Oct;15(5):343-5.

1560. Pinheiro Neto CD, Weber R, Araujo- Filho BC, Miziara ID. Rhinosinusitis in HIV-infected children undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology. 2009 Jan-Feb;75(1):70-5.

1561. Parikh SL, Venkatraman G, DelGaudio JM. Invasive fungal sinusitis: a 15-year review from a single institution. American journal of rhinology. 2004 Mar-Apr;18(2):75-81.

1562. Gillespie MB, Huchton DM, O'Malley BW. Role of middle turbinate biopsy in the diagnosis of fulminant invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2000 Nov;110(11):1832-6.

1563. DelGaudio JM. Computed tomographic findings in patients with invasive fungal sinusitis. Archives of otolaryngology—head & neck surgery. 2003;129(2):236-40.

1564. Groppo ER, El-Sayed IH, Aiken AH, Glastonbury CM. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of acute invasive fungal sinusitis. Archives of otolaryngology—head & neck surgery. 2011 Oct;137(10):1005-10.

1565. Ruping MJ, Heinz WJ, Kindo AJ, Rickerts V, Lass-Florl C, Beisel C, Ta IH. Forty-one recent cases of invasive zygomycosis from a global clinical registry. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2010 Feb;65(2):296-302.

1566. DelGaudio JM, Clemson LA. An early detection protocol for invasive fungal sinusitis in neutropenic patients successfully reduces extent of disease at presentation and long term morbidity. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Jan;119(1):180-3.

1567. Robey AB, O'Brien EK, Richardson BE, Baker JJ, Poage DP, Leopold DA. The changing face of paranasal sinus fungus balls. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2009 Jul;118(7):500-5.

1568. Lackner A, Stammberger H, Buzina W, Freudenschuss K, Panzitt T, Schosteritsch S, Ta IH. Fungi: a normal content of human nasal mucus. American journal of rhinology. 2005 Mar- Apr;19(2):125-9.

1569. Ghegan MD, Lee FS, Schlosser RJ. Incidence of skull base and orbital erosion in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) and non-AFRS. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. [Review]. 2006;134(4):592-5.

1570. Wise SK, Ghegan MD, Gorham E, Schlosser RJ. Socioeconomic factors in the diagnosis of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2008 Jan;138(1):38-42.

1571. Pant H, Kette FE, Smith WB, Wormald PJ, Macardle PJ. Fungal-specific humoral response in eosinophilic mucus chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2005;115(4):601-6.

1572. Rupa V, Jacob M, Mathews MS, Seshadri MS. A prospective, randomised, placebocontrolled trial of postoperative oral steroid in allergic fungal sinusitis. European archives of oto-rhinolaryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societ ies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 Feb;267(2):233-8.

1573. Kinsella JB, Bradfield JJ, Gourley WK, Calhoun KH, Rassekh CH. Allergic fungal sinusitis. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 1996 Oct;21(5):389-92.

1574. Kuhn FA, Javer AR. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: our experience. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1998 Oct;124(10):1179-80.

1575. Schubert MS. Allergic fungal sinusitis: pa thogenes i s and management strategies. Drugs. 2004;64(4):363-74.

1576. Schubert MS, Goetz DW. Evaluation and treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis. II. Treatment and follow-up. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1998 Sep;102(3):395-402.

1577. Kupferberg SB, Bent JP, 3rd, Kuhn FA. Prognosis for allergic fungal sinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1997 Jul;117(1):35-41.

1578. deShazo RD, Swain RE. Diagnostic criteria for allergic fungal sinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1995 Jul;96(1):24-35.

1579. Ikram M, Abbas A, Suhail A, Onali MA, Akhtar S, Iqbal M. Management of allergic fungal sinusitis with postoperative oral and nasal steroids: a controlled study. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2009;88(4):E8-11.

1580. Greenhaw B, deShazo RD, Arnold J, Wright L. Fungal immunotherapy in patients with allergic fungal sinusitis. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2011 Nov;107(5):432-6.

1581. Mabry RL, Marple BF, Folker RJ, Mabry CS. Immunotherapy for allergic fungal sinusitis: three years' exper ience. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1998 Dec;119(6):648-51.

1582. Folker RJ, Marple BF, Mabry RL, Mabry CS. Treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis: a comparison trial of postoperative immunotherapy with specific fungal antigens. The Laryngoscope. 1998 Nov;108(11 Pt 1):1623-7.

1583. Marple B, Newcomer M, Schwade N, Mabry R. Natural history of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: a 4- to 10-year follow-up. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 Nov;127(5):361-6.

1584. Seiberling K, Wormald PJ. The role of itraconazole in recalcitrant fungal sinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 May-Jun;23(3):303-6.

1585. Sacks PL, Harvey RJ, Rimmer J, Gallagher RM, Sacks R. Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for the symptomatic treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2011(8):CD008263.

1586. Schubert MS. Antileukotriene therapy for allergic fungal sinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2001 Sep;108(3):466-7.

1587. Thamboo A, Philpott C, Javer A, Clark A. Single-blind study of manuka honey in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto- rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale. 2011 Jun 1;40(3):238-43.

1588. Marple BF, Mabry RL. Allergic fungal sinusitis: learning from our failures. American journal of rhinology. 2000 Jul-Aug;14(4):223-6.

1589. Champagne JP, Antisdel JL, Woodard TD, Kountakis SE. Epidemiologic factors affect surgical outcomes in allergic fungal sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2010 Nov;120(11):2322-4.

1590. Marple BF. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: current theories and management strategies. The Laryngoscope. 2001 Jun;111(6):1006-19.

1591. Glasier CM, Ascher DP, Williams KD. Incidental paranasal sinus abnormalities on CT of children: clinical correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1986 Sep-Oct;7(5):861-4.

1592. Diament. Prevalence of incidental paranasal sinuses opacification in pediatric patients: a CT study. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1987;11(3):426-31.

1593. Hill M, Bhattacharyya N, Hall TR, Lufkin R, Shapiro NL. Incidental paranasal sinus imaging abnormalities and the normal Lund score in children. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-He ad and Neck Surgery. 2004 Feb;130(2):171-5.

1594. Bhattacharyya N, Jones DT, Hill M, Shapiro NL. The diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography in pediatr ic chronic rhinosinusitis. Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery. 2004;130(9):1029-32.

1595. Rachelefsky. Diseases of paranasal sinuses in children. In Bierman W, Pearlman D (eds): Management of Upper Respiratory Tract Disease. Philadelphia, WB Saunders. 1980.

1596. Van der Veken P, Clement PA, Buisseret T, Desprechins B, Kaufman L, Derde MP. [CAT-scan study of the prevalence of sinus disorders and anatomical variations in 196 children]. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1989;43(1):51-8.

1597. Nguyen KL, Corbett ML, Garcia DP, Eberly SM, Massey EN, Le HT, Ta iH. Chronic sinusitis among pediatric patients with chronic respiratory complaints. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1993 Dec;92(6):824-30.

1598. Bagatsch. Morbidates analyse der unspezifisch-infektbedingten acute Erkrankungen der Respirationtraktes und der Mittelohrraume des Kindesalterns in einem Ballungsgebiet mit modernen Wohnbedingungen. HNO Praxis. 1980;5:1-8.

1599. Van Buchem F. Maxillary sinusitis in children. Clin Otolaryngol 1992;17(1):49-53.

1600. Celedon JC, Litonjua AA, Weiss ST, Gold DR. Day care attendance in the first year of life and illnesses of the upper and lower respiratory tract in children with a familial history of atopy. Pediatrics. 1999 Sep;104(3 Pt 1):495-500.

1601. Cunningham JM, Chiu EJ, Landgraf JM, Gliklich RE. The health impact of chronic recurrent rhinosinusitis in children. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2000 Nov;126(11):1363-8.

1602. Kay DJ, Rosenfeld RM. Quality of life for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2003 Jan;128(1):17-26.

1603. Terrell AM, Ramadan HH. Correlation between SN-5 and computed tomography in children with chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Jul;119(7):1394-8.

1604. Rudnick EF, Mitchell RB. Long-term improvements in quality-of-life after surgical therapy for pediatric sinonasal disease. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2007 Dec;137(6):873-7.

1605. Sivasli E, Sirikci A, Bayazyt YA, Gumusburun E, Erbagci H, Bayram M, Ta iH. Anatomic variations of the paranasal sinus area in pediatric patients with chronic sinusitis. Surg Radiol Anat. 2003 Feb;24(6):400-5.

1606. Al-Qudah M. The relationship between anatomical variations of the sino-nasal region and chronic sinusitis extension in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Jun;72(6):817-21.

1607. Muntz HR, Lusk RP. Bacteriology of the ethmoid bullae in children with chronic sinusitis. Archives of otolaryngology—head & neck surgery. 1991 Feb;117(2):179-81.

1608. Brook I. Bacteriologic features of chronic sinusitis in children. JAMA. 1981 Aug 28;246(9):967-9.

1609. Hsin CH, Su MC, Tsao CH, Chuang CY, Liu CM. Bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis: a 6-year result of maxillary sinus punctures. Am J Otolaryngol. 2010 May-Jun;3l(3):l45-9.

1610. McNeil JC, Hulten KG, Mason EO, Jr., Kaplan SL. Serotype 19A is the most common Streptococcus pneumonia isolate in children with chronic sinusitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009 Sep;28(9):766-8.

1611. Zuliani G, Carlisle M, Duberstein A, Haupert M, Syamal M, Berk R, та ін. Biofilm density in the pediatric nasopharynx: recurrent acute otitis media versus obstructive sleep apnea. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2009 Jul;ll8(7):5l9-24.

1612. Zuliani G, Carron M, Gurrola J, Coleman C, Haupert M, Berk R, та ін. Identification of adenoid biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2006;70(9):l6l3-7.

1613. Elwany S, El-Dine AN, El-Medany A, Omran A, Mandour Z, El-Salam AA. Relationship between bacteriology of the adenoid core and middle meatus in children with sinusitis. J Laryngol Otol. 2011 Mar;l25(3):279-8l.

1614. Shin KS, Cho SH, Kim KR, Tae K, Lee SH, Park CW, та ін. The role of adenoids in pediatric rhinosinusitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Nov;72(ll):l643-50.

1615. Bercin AS, Ural A, Kutluhan A, Yurttas V. Relationship between sinusitis and adenoid size in pediatric age group. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2007 Jul;ll6(7):550- 3.

1616. Eun YG, Park DC, Kim SG, Kim MG, Yeo SG. Immunoglobulins and transcription fac tor s in adenoids of chi ldren with otitis media with effusion and chronic rhinosinusitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 Oct;73(10):l4l2-6.

1617. Shin SY, Choi GS, Park HS, Lee KH, Kim SW, Cho JS. Immunological investigation in the adenoid tissues from children with chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology-- head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery. 2009 Jul;l4l(l):9l-6.

1618. Baroody F. Eosinophilia in chronic chi ldhood sinusitis . Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1991(117):179-81.

1619. Driscoll PV, Naclerio RM, Baroody FM. CD4+ lymphocytes are increased in the sinus mucosa of children with chronic sinusitis. Archives of otolaryngology—head & neck surgery. 1996 Oct;l22(10):107l-6.

1620. Chan KH, Abzug MJ, Coffinet L, Simoes EAF, Cool C, Liu AH. Chronic rhinosinusitis in young children differs from adults: A histopathology study. Journal of Pediatrics. 2004;l44(2):206-l2.

1621. Coffinet L, Chan KH, Abzug MJ, Simoes EA, Cool C, Liu AH. Immunopathology of chronic rhinosinusitis in young children. J Pediatr. 2009 May;l54(5):754-8.

1622. Berger G, Kogan T, Paker M, Berger- Achituv S, Ebner Y. Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis histopathology: differences and similarities with the adult form. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011 Jan;l44(l):85-90.

1623. Ramadan HH, Fornelli R, Ortiz AO, Rodman S. Correlation of allergy and severity of sinus disease. American journal of rhinology. 1999 Sep-Oct;l3(5):345-7.

1624. Tantimongkolsuk C, Pornrattanarungsee S, Chiewvit P, Visitsunthorn N, Ungkanont K, Vichyanond P. Pediatric sinusitis: Symptom profiles with associated atopic conditions. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2005;88(SUPPL. 8):S149-S55.

1625. Iwens P, Clement PA. Sinusitis in allergic patients. Rhinology. 1994 Jun;32(2):65-7.

1626. Leo G, Piacentini E, Incorvaia C, Consonni D, Frati F. Chronic rhinosinusitis and allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007 Nov;l8 Suppl 18:19-21.

1627. Rachelefsky GS, Katz RM, Siegel SC. Chronic sinus disease with associated reactive airway disease in children. Pediatrics. 1984 Apr;73(4):526-9.

1628. Tosca MA, Cosentino C, Pallestrini E, Caligo G, Milanese M, Ciprandi G. Improvement of clinical and immunopathologic parameters in asthmatic children treated for concomitant chronic rhinosinusitis. Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2003;91(1):71-8.

1629. Phipps CD, Wood WE, Gibson WS, Cochran WJ. Gastroesophageal reflux contributing to chronic sinus disease in children: a prospective analysis. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2000 Jul;126(7):831-6.

1630. El-Serag HB, Gilger M, Kuebeler M, Rabeneck L. Extraesophageal associations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children without neurologic defects. Gastroenterology. 2001 Dec;121(6):1294-9.

1631. Bothwell MR, Parsons DS, Talbot A, Barbero GJ, Wilder B. Outcome of reflux therapy on pediatric chronic sinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1999 Sep;121(3):255-62.

1632. Shapiro GG, Virant FS, Furukawa CT, Pierson WE, Bierman CW. Immunologic defects in patients with refractory sinusitis. Pediatrics. 1991 Mar;87(3):311-6.

1633. Sethi DS, Winkelstein JA, Lederman H, Loury MC. Immunologic defects in patients with chronic recurrent sinusitis: diagnosis and management. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1995 Feb;112(2):242-7.

1634. Ramesh S, Brodsky L, Afshani E, Pizzuto M, Ishman M, Helm J, Ta iH. Open trial of intravenous immune serum globulin for chronic sinusitis in children. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 1997 Aug;79(2):119-24.

1635. Sleigh MA. Primary ciliary dyskinesia. Lancet. 1981 Aug 29;2(8244):476.

1636. Rollin M, Seymour K, Hariri M, Harcourt J. Rhinosinusitis, symptomatology & absence of polyposis in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Rhinology. 2009 Mar;47(1):75-8.

1637. Gysin C, Alothman GA, Papsin BC. Sinonasal disease in cystic fibrosis: clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2000 Dec;30(6):481-9.

1638. Manning SC, Merkel M, Kriesel K, Vuitch F, Marple B. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance diagnosis of allergic fungal sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 1997 Feb;107(2):170-6.

1639. Orobello PW, Jr., Park RI, Belcher LJ, Eggleston P, Lederman HM, Banks JR, Ta iH. Microbiology of chronic sinusitis in children. Archives of otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery. 1991 Sep;117(9):980-3.

1640. Hsin CH, Tsao CH, Su MC, Chou MC, Liu CM. Comparison of maxillary sinus puncture with endoscopic middle meatal culture in pediatric rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2008 May-Jun;22(3):280-4.

1641. Park AH, Muntz HR, Smith ME, Afify Z, Pysher T, Pavia A. Pediatric invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in immunocompromised children with cancer. Otolaryngology -Head & Neck Surgery. 2005;133(3):411-6.

1642. Krzeski A, Kapiszewska-Dzedzej D, Gorski NP, Jakubczyk I. Cystic fibrosis in rhinologic practice. American journal of rhinology. 2002 May-Jun;16(3):155-60.

1643. Mullol J, Xaubet A, Lopez E, Roca-Ferrer J, Picado C. Comparative study of the effects of different glucocorticosteroids on eosinophil survival primed by cultured epithelial cell supernatants obtained from nasal mucosa and nasal polyps. Thorax. [Comparative Study. In Vitro. Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't]. 1995 Mar;50(3):270-4.

1644. Mullol J, Lopez E, Roca-Ferrer J, Xaubet A, Pujols L, Fernandez-Morata JC, Ta iH. Effects of topical anti-inflammatory drugs on eosinophil survival primed by epithelial cells. Additive effect of glucocorticoids and nedocromil sodium. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1997 Dec;27(12):1432-41.

1645. Mullol J, Xaubet A, Lopez E, Roca-Ferrer J, Carrion T, Rosello-Catafau J, Ta iH. [Eosinophil activation by epithelial cells of the respi rator y mucosa. Comparative study of normal mucosa and Med Clin (Barc). 1997 May 31;109(1):6-11.

1646. Mullol J, Xaubet A, Gaya A, Roca-Ferrer J, Lopez E, Fernandez JC, Ta iH. Cytokine gene expression and release from epithelial cells. A comparison study between healthy nasal mucosa and Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1995 Jul;25(7):607-15.

1647. Mullol J, Roca-Ferrer J, Xaubet A, Raserra J, Picado C. Inhibition of GM-CSF secretion by topical corticosteroids and nedocromil sodium. A comparison study using nasal polyp epithelial cells. Respiratory medicine. 2000 May;94(5):428-31.

1648. Roca-Ferrer J, Mullol J, Lopez E, Xaubet A, Pujols L, Fernandez JC, Ta iH. Effect of topical anti-inflammatory drugs on epithelial cell-induced eosinophil survival and GM-CSF secretion. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 1997 Jul;10(7):1489-95.

1649. Xaubet A, Mullol J, Roca-Ferrer J, Pujols L, Fuentes M, Perez M, Ta iH. Effect of budesonide and nedocromil sodium on IL-6 and IL-8 release from human nasal mucosa and polyp epithelial cells. Respiratory medicine. 2001 May;95(5):408-14.

1650. Leung DY, Bloom JW. Update on glucocorticoid action and resistance. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. [Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't Review]. 2003 Jan;111(1):3- 22; quiz 3.

1651. Ito K, Chung KF, Adcock IM. Update on glucocorticoid action and resistance. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. [Research Support, N. I. H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't Review]. 2006 Mar;117(3):522-43.

1652. Pujols L, Mullol J, Roca-Ferrer J, Torrego A, Xaubet A, Cidlowski JA, Ta iH. Expression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha- and betaisoforms in human cells and tissues. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. [Research Support,Non-U. S. Gov't]. 2002 Oct;283(4):C1324-31.

1653. Oakley RH, Sar M, Cidlowski JA. The human glucocorticoid receptor beta i soform. Expres s ion, biochemical properties, and putative function. J Biol Chem. [Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't]. 1996 Apr 19;271(16):9550-9.

1654. Pujols L, Mullol J, Benitez P, Torrego A, Xaubet A, de Haro J, Ta iH. Expression of the glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta isoforms in human nasal mucosa and polyp epithelial cells. Respiratory medicine. [Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't]. 2003 Jan;97(1):90-6.

1655. Hamilos DL, Leung DY, Muro S, Kahn AM, Hamilos SS, Thawley SE, Ta iH. GRbeta expression in nasal polyp inflammatory cells and its relationship to the anti-inflammatory effects of intranasal fluticasone. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. [Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't]. 2001 Jul;108(1):59-68.

1656. Knutsson PU, Bronnegard M, Marcus C, Stierna P. Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in nasal mucosa by local administration of fluticasone and budesonide. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. [Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't]. 1996 Feb;97(2):655-61.

1657. Pujols L, Mullol J, Perez M, Roca-Ferrer J, Juan M, Xaubet A, Ta iH. Expression of the human glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta isoforms in human respiratory epithelial cells and their regulation by dexamethasone. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2001 Jan;24(1):49-57.

1658. Harvey RJ, Goddard JC, Wise SK, Schlosser RJ. Effects of endoscopic sinus surgery and delivery device on cadaver sinus irrigation. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2008 Jul;139(1):137-42.

1659. Snidvongs K, Chaowanapanja P, Aeumjaturapat S, Chusakul S, Praweswararat P. Does nasal irrigation enter paranasal sinuses in chronic rhinosinusitis? American journal of rhinology. 2008 Sep-Oct;22(5):483-6.

1660. Hyo N, Takano H, Hyo Y. Par ticle deposition efficiency of therapeutic aerosols in the human maxillary sinus. Rhinology. 1989 Mar;27(1):17-26.

1661. Wormald PJ, Cain T, Oates L, Hawke L, Wong I. A comparative study of three methods of nasal irrigation. The Laryngoscope. 2004;114(12):2224-7.

1662. Olson DE, Rasgon BM, Hilsinger RL, Jr. Radiographic comparison of three methods for nasal saline irrigation. The Laryngoscope. 2002 Aug;112(8 Pt 1):1394-8.

1663. Grobler A, Weitzel EK, Buele A, Jardeleza C, Cheong YC, Field J, та IH. Pre- and postoperative sinus penetration of nasal irrigation. The Laryngoscope. 2008 Nov;118(11):2078-81.

1664. Valentine R, Athanasiadis T, Thwin M, Singhal D, Weitzel EK, Wormald PJ. A prospective controlled trial of pulsed nasal nebulizer in maximally dissected cadavers. American journal of rhinology. 2008 Jul-Aug;22(4):390-4.

1665. Merkus P, Ebbens FA, Muller B, Fokkens WJ. The 'best method' of topical nasal drug delivery: comparison of seven techniques. Rhinology. 2006 Jun;44(2):102-7.

1666. Beule A, Athanasiadis T, Athanasiadis E, Field J, Wormald PJ. Efficacy of different techniques of sinonasal irrigation after modified Lothrop procedure. Amer ican journal of rhinology & allergy. [Comparative Study]. 2009 Jan-Feb;23(1):85-90.

1667. Benninger MS, Ferguson BJ, Hadley JA, Hamilos DL, Jacobs M, Kennedy DW, та IH. Adult chronic rhinosinusitis: definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiology. Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery. [Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't Review]. 2003 Sep;129(3 Suppl):S1-32.

1668. Dijkstra MD, Ebbens FA, Poublon RM, Fokkens WJ. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray does not influence the recur rence rate of chroni c rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 1 year after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2004 Sep;34(9):1395-400.

1669. Furukido K, Takeno S, Ueda T, Yajin K. Cytokine profile in paranasal effusions in patients with chronic sinusitis using the YAMIK sinus catheter with and without betamethasone. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2005;262(1):50-4.

1670. Lavigne F, Cameron L, Renzi PM, Planet JF, Christodoulopoulos P, Lamkioued B, та IH. Intrasinus administration of topical budesonide to allergic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis following surgery. The Laryngoscope. 2002 May;112(5):858-64.

1671. Lund VJ, Black JH, Szabo LZ, Schrewelius C, Akerlund A. Efficacy and tolerability of budesonide aqueous nasal spray in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Rhinology. 2004 Jun;42(2):57-62.

1672. Parikh A, Scadding GK, Darby Y, Baker RC. Topical corticosteroids in chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial using fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray. Rhinology. 2001 Jun;39(2):75-9.

1673. Sykes DA, Wilson R, Chan KL, Mackay IS, Cole PJ. Relative importance of antibiotic and improved clearance in topical treatment of chronic mucopurulent rhinosinusitis. A controlled study. Lancet. 1986 Aug 16;2(8503):359-60.

1674. Jor i s sen M, Bacher t C. Ef fect of corticosteroids on wound healing after endoscopic sinus surgery. Rhinology. 2009 Sep;47(3):280-6.

1675. Giger R, Pasche P, Cheseaux C, Cantini L, Rossetti A, Landis BN, та IH. Comparison of once- versus twice-daily use of beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal spray in the treatment of allergic and non-allergic chronic rhinosinusitis. European Archives of Oto- Rhino-Laryngology. 2003;260(3):135-40.

1676. Cuenant G, Stipon JP, Plante-Longchamp G, Baudoin C, Guerrier Y. Efficacy of endonasal neomycin-tixocor tol pivalate irrigation in the treatment of chronic allergic and bacterial sinusitis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1986;48(4):226-32.

1677. Dijkstra MD, Ebbens FA, Poublon RML, Fokkens WJ. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray does not influence the recur rence rate of chroni c rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 1 year after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 2004;34(9):1395-400.

1678. Lal D, Hwang PH. Oral corticosteroid therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis without polyposis: a systematic review. International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2011;1(2):136-43.

1679. Subramanian HN, Schechtman KB, Hamilos DL. A retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes and time to relapse after intensive medical treatment for chronic sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2002 Nov-Dec;16(6):303-12.

1680. Lal D, Scianna JM, Stankiewicz JA. Efficacy of targeted medical therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis, and predictors of failure. American journal of rhinology & allergy. [Comparative Study]. 2009 Jul-Aug;23(4):396-400.

1681. Namyslowski G, Misiolek M, Czecior E, Malafiej E, Orecka B, Namyslowski P, Ta iH. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid 875 mg b. i. d. with cefuroxime 500 mg b. i. d. in the treatment of chronic and acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis in adults. J Chemother. 2002 Oct;14(5):508-17.

1682. Legent F, Bordure P, Beauvillain C, Berche P. A double-blind comparison of ciprofloxacin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid in the treatment of chronic sinusitis. Chemotherapy. 1994;40 Suppl 1:8-15.

1683. Huck W, Reed BD, Nielsen RW, Ferguson RT, Gray DW, Lund GK, Ta iH. Cefaclor vs amoxicillin in the treatment of acute, recurrent, and chronic sinusitis. Arch Fam Med. 1993 May;2(5):497-503.

1684. Kudoh S, Kimura H, Uetake T, Ta iH. Clinical effect of low-dose, long-term macrolide antibiotic chemotherapy on diffuse panbronchiolitis. Jpn J Thorac Dis. 1984;22:254-54.

1685. Nagai H, Shishido H, Yoneda R, Yamaguchi E, Tamura A, Kurashima A. Long-term lowdose administration of erythromycin to patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis. Respiration. 1991;58(3-4):145-9.

1686. Kudoh S, Azuma A, Yamamoto M, Izumi T, Ando M. Improvement of survival in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis treated with low-dose erythromycin. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 1998 Jun;157(6 Pt 1):1829-32.

1687. Equi AC, Davies JC, Painter H, Hyde S, Bush A, Geddes DM, Ta iH. Exploring the mechanisms of macrolides in cystic fibrosis. Respiratory medicine. 2006 Apr;100(4):687-97.

1688. Saiman L, Marshall BC, Mayer-Hamblett N, Burns JL, Quittner AL, Cibene DA, Ta iH. Azithromycin in patients with cystic fibrosis chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a randomized controlled tr ial. JAMA. 2003 Oct 1;290(13):1749-56.

1689. Wolter J, Seeney S, Bell S, Bowler S, Masel P, McCormack J. Effect of long term treatment with azithromycin on disease parameters in cystic fibrosis: a randomised trial. Thorax. 2002 Mar;57(3):212-6.

1690. Black PN, Blasi F, Jenkins CR, Scicchitano R, Mills GD, Rubinfeld AR, Ta iH. Trial of roxithromycin in subjects with asthma and serological evidence of infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2001;164(4):536-41.

1691. Kostadima E, Tsiodras S, Alexopoulos EI, Kaditis AG, Mavrou I, Georgatou N, Ta iH. Clarithromycin reduces the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 2004 May;23(5):714-7.

1692. Kraft M, Cassell GH, Pak J, Mar tin RJ. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in asthma: effect of clarithromycin. Chest. 2002 Jun;121(6):1782-8.

1693. Shoji T, Yoshida S, Sakamoto H, Hasegawa H, Nakagawa H, Amayasu H. Antiinflammatory effect of roxithromycin in patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1999 Jul;29(7):950-6.

1694. Banerjee D, Khair OA, Honeybourne D. The effect of oral clarithromycin on health status and sputum bacteriology in stable COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2005 Feb;99(2):208-15.

1695. Banerjee D, Honeybourne D, Khair OA. The effect of oral clarithromycin on bronchial airway inflammation in moderate-tosevere stable COPD: a randomized controlled trial. Treatments in respiratory medicine. 2004;3(1):59-65.

1696. Alber t RK, Connett J, Bailey WC, Casaburi R, Cooper JA, Jr., Criner GJ, Ta iH. Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of COPD. The New England journal of medicine. 2011 Aug 25;365(8):689-98.

1697. Koh YY, Lee MH, Sun YH, Sung KW, Chae JH. Effect of roxithromycin on airway responsiveness in children with bronchiectasis: a double-blind, placebocontrolled study. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 1997 May;10(5):994-9.

1698. Tsang KW, Ho PI, Chan KN, Ip MS, Lam WK, Ho CS, Ta iH. A pilot study of lowdose erythromycin in bronchiectasis. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 1999 Feb;13(2):361-4.

1699. Yalcin E, Kiper N, Ozcelik U. Effects of clarithromycin on inflammator y parameters and clinical conditions in chil- dren with bronchiectasis. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 2006;31:49-55.

1700. Nishi K, Mizuguchi M, Tachibana H, Ooka T, Amemiya T, My ou S, Ta iH. [Effect of clarithromycin on symptoms and mucociliary transport in patients with sino-bronchial syndrome]. Nippon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi. 1995;33(12):1392-400.

1701. Scadding GK, Lund VJ, Darby YC. The effect of long-term antibiotic therapy upon ciliary beat frequency in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Laryngol Otol. 1995 Jan;109(1):24-6.

1702. Ichimura K, Shimazaki Y, Ishibashi T, Higo R. Effect of new macrolide roxithromycin upon nasal polyps associated with chronic sinusitis. Auris Nasus Larynx. 1996;23:48-56.

1703. Hashiba M, Baba S. Efficacy of longterm administration of clarithromycin in the treatment of intractable chronic sinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh). 1996;525:73-8.

1704. Suzuki H, Shimomura A, Ikeda K, Oshima T, Takasaka T. Effects of long-term low-dose macrolide administration on neutrophil recruitment and IL-8 in the nasal discharge of chronic sinusitis patients. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1997;182(2):115-24.

1705. Rubin BK, Druce H, Ramirez OE, Palmer R. Effect of clarithromycin on nasal mucus properties in healthy subjects and in patients with purulent rhinitis. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 1997;155(6):2018-23.

1706. Cervin A, Kalm O, Sandkull P, Lindberg S. One-year low-dose erythromycin treatment of persistent chronic sinusitis after sinus surgery: clinical outcome and effects on mucociliary parameters and nasal nitric oxide. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 May;126(5):481-9.

1707. Piromchai P, Thanaviratananich S, Laopaiboon M. Systemic antibiotics for chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in adults. Cochrane database of systematic rev iews (Onl ine) . 2011(5):CD008233.

1708. Wallwork B, Coman W, Mackay-Sim A, Greiff L, Cervin A. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of macrolide in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2006 Feb;116(2):189-93.

1709. Videler WJ, Badia L, Harvey RJ, Gane S, Georgalas C, van der Meulen FW, Ta iH. Lack of efficacy of long-term, low-dose azithromycin in chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trial. Allergy. 2011 Sep 2;66(11):1457-68.

1710. Suzuki H, Ikeda K, Honma R, Gotoh S, Oshima T, Furukawa M, Ta iH. Prognostic factors of chronic rhinosinusitis under long-term low-dose macrolide therapy. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2000;62(3):121-7.

1711. Newman LJ, Platts-Mills TA, Phillips CD, Hazen KC, Gross CW. Chronic sinusitis. Relationship of computed tomographic f indings to al lergy, as thma, and eosinophilia [published erratum appears in JAMA 1994 Sep 21;272(11):852] [see comments]. Jama. 1994;271(5):363-7.

1712. Videler WJ, van Hee SM, Reinartz C, Georgalas FW, Meulen, KFok kens WD. Long-term, low-dose antibiotics in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis: A retrospective analysis. Rhinology. 2012;50(1):45-55.

1713. Haruna S, Shimada C, Ozawa M, Fukami S, Moriyama H. A study of poor responders for long-term, low-dose macrolide administration for chronic sinusitis. Rhinology. 2009 Mar;47(1):66-71.

1714. Maruyama S, Yoshioka H, Fujita K, Takimoto M, Satake Y. Sensitivity of group A streptococci to antibiotics. Prevalence of resistance to erythromycin in Japan. American journal of diseases of children (1960). 1979 Nov;133(11):1143-5.

1715. Seppala H, Klaukka T, Vuopio-Varkila J, Muotiala A, Helenius H, Lager K, Ta iH. The effect of changes in the consumption of macrolide antibiotics on erythromycin resistance in group A streptococci in Finland. Finnish Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance. The New England journal of medicine. 1997 Aug 14;337(7):441-6.

1716. Esther CR, Jr., Esserman DA, Gilligan P, Kerr A, Noone PG. Chronic Mycobacterium abscessus infection and lung function decline in cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society. 2010 Mar;9(2):117-23.

1717. Roux AL, Catherinot E, Ripoll F, Soismier N, Macheras E, Ravilly S, Ta iH. Multicenter study of prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with cystic fibrosis in france. J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Dec;47(12):4124-8.

1718. Renna M, Schaffner C, Brown K, Shang S, Tamayo MH, Hegyi K, Ta iH. Azithromycin blocks autophagy and may predispose cystic fibrosis patients to mycobacterial infection. J Clin Invest. 2011 Sep 1;121(9):3554-63.

1719. Malhotra-Kumar S, Lammens C, Coenen S, Van Herck K, Goossens H. Effect of azithromycin and clarithromycin therapy on pharyngeal carriage of macrolideresis tantstreptococci in healthy volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2007 Feb 10;369(9560):482-90.

1720. Kamijyo A, Matsuzaki Z, Kikushima K, Ogino J, Nozawa I, Matsuoka T, Ta iH. Fosfomycin nebulizer therapy to chronic sinusitis. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2001 Aug;28(3):227-32.

1721. Kobayashi T, Baba S. Topical use of antibiotics for paranasal sinusitis. Rhinol Suppl. 1992;14:77-81.

1722. Scheinberg PA, Otsuji A. Nebulized antibiotics for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2002 Sep;81(9):648-52.

1723. Vaughan WC, Carvalho G. Use of nebulized antibiotics for acute infections in chronic sinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 Dec;127(6):558-68.

1724. Leonard DW, Bolger WE. Topical antibiotic therapy for recalcitrant sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 1999 Apr;109(4):668-70.

1725. Solares CA, Batra PS, Hall GS, Citardi MJ. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis exacerbations due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with mupirocin irrigations. Am J Otolaryngol. 2006 May-Jun;27(3):161-5.

1726. Desrosiers MY, Salas-Prato M. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to other treatments with topical antibiotic therapy delivered by means of a large-particle nebulizer: results of a controlled trial. Otolaryngol ogy--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2001 Sep;125(3):265-9.

1727. Videler WJ, van Drunen CM, Reitsma JB, Fokkens WJ. Nebulized bacitracin/ colimycin: a treatment option in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with Staphylococcus aureus? A doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study. Rhinology. 2008 Jun;46(2):92-8.

1728. Chiu AG, Antunes MB, Palmer JN, Cohen NA. Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of topical tobramycin against Pseudomonas sinonasal biofilms. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2007 Jun;59(6):1130-4.

1729. Spi sek R, Brazova J, Rozkova D, Zaplatalova K, Sediva A, Bartunkova J. Maturation of dendritic cells by bacterial immunomodulators. Vaccine. 2004 Jul 29;22(21-22):2761-8.

1730. Bowman LM, Hol t PG. Selec t ive enhancement of systemic Th1 immunity in immunologically immature rats with an orally administered bacterial extract. Infect Immun. 2001 Jun;69(6):3719-27.

1731. Heintz B, Schlenter WW, Kirsten R, Nelson K. Clinical efficacy of Broncho-Vaxom in adult patients with chronic purulent sinusitis-- a multi-centric, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1989 Nov;27(11):530-4.

1732. Rotenberg BW, Bertens KA. Use of complementary and alternative medical therapies for chronic rhinosinusitis: a canadian perspective. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale. 2010 Oct;39(5):586-93.

1733. Yakirevitch A, Bedrin L, Migirov L, Wolf M, Talmi YP. Use of alternative medicine in Israeli chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhinolaryngologie et de chirurgie cervicofaciale. 2009 Aug;38(4):517-20.

1734. Newton JR, Santangeli L, Shakeel M, Ram B. Use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients attending a rhinology outpatient clinic. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Jan-Feb;23(1):59-63.

1735. Guo R, Canter PH, Ernst E. Herbal medicines for the t reatment of rhinosinusitis: a systematic review. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2006 Oct;135(4):496-506.

1736. Harvey R, Hannan SA, Badia L, Scadding G. Nasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2007(3):CD006394.

1737. Pynnonen MA, Mukerji SS, Kim HM, Adams ME, Terrell JE. Nasal saline for chronic sinonasal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2007 Nov;133(11):1115-20.

1738. Freeman SR, Sivayoham ES, Jepson K, de Carpentier J. A preliminary randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of saline douching following endoscopic sinus surgery. Clin Otolaryngol. 2008 Oct;33(5):462-5.

1739. Lee JM, Nayak JV, Doghramji LL, Welch KC, Chiu AG. Assessing the risk of irrigation bottle and fluid contamination after endoscopic sinus surgery. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2010 May-Jun;24(3):197-9.

1740. Welch KC, Cohen MB, Doghramji LL, Cohen NA, Chandra RK, Palmer JN, Ta IH. Clinical correlation between irrigation bottle contamination and clinical outcomes in post-functional endoscopic sinus surger y patients. Amer ican journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Jul- Aug;23(4):401-4.

1741. Williams GB, Ross LL, Chandra RK. Are bulb syringe irrigators a potential source of bacterial contamination in chronic rhinosinusitis? American journal of rhinology. 2008 Jul- Aug;22(4):399-401.

1742. Raza T, Elsherif HS, Zulianello L, Plouin- Gaudon I, Landis BN, Lacroix JS. Nasal lavage with sodium hypochlorite solution in Staphylococcus aureus persistent rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2008 Mar;46(1):15-22.

1743. Weissman JD, Fernandez F, Hwang PH. Xylitol nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: a pilot study. The Laryngoscope. 2011 Nov;121(11):2468-72.

1744. Hai PV, Lidstone C, Wallwork B. The effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on bacterial biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 Mar; 142(3 Suppl 1):S27-32.

1745. Le T, Psaltis A, Tan LW, Wormald PJ. The efficacy of topical antibiofilm agents in a sheep model of rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2008 Nov-Dec;22(6):560-7.

1746. Chiu AG, Palmer JN, Woodworth BA, Doghramji L, Cohen MB, Prince A, Ta IH. Baby shampoo nasal irrigations for the symptomatic post-functional endoscopic sinus surgery patient. American journal of rhinology. 2008 Jan-Feb;22(1):34-7.

1747. Mukerji SS, Pynnonen MA, Kim HM, Singer A, Tabor M, Terrell JE. Probiotics as adjunctive treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trial. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2009 Feb;140(2):202-8.

1748. Pincus RL, Kim HH, Silvers S, Gold S. A study of the link between gastric reflux and chronic sinusitis in adults. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2006 Mar;85(3):174-8.

1749. Wong IW, Omari TI, Myers JC, Rees G, Nair SB, Jamieson GG, Ta iH. Nasopharyngeal pH monitoring in chronic sinusitis patients using a novel four channel probe. The Laryngoscope. 2004 Sep;114(9):1582-5.

1750. Jecker P, Orloff LA, Wohlfeil M, Mann WJ. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), extraesophageal reflux (EER) and recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2006;263(7):664-7.

1751. DiBaise JK, Olusola BF, Huer ter JV, Quigley EM. Role of GERD in chronic resistant sinusitis: a prospective, open label, pilot trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Apr;97(4):843-50.

1752. Canani RB, Cirillo P, Roggero P, Romano C, Malamisura B, Terrin G, Ta iH. Therapy with gastric acidity inhibitors increases the risk of acute gastroenteritis and communityacquired pneumonia in children. Pediatrics. 2006 May;117(5):e817-20.

1753. Laheij RJ, Van Ijzendoorn MC, Janssen MJ, Jansen JB. Gastric acid-suppressive therapy and community-acquired respiratory infections. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Oct 15;18(8):847-51.

1754. Smith GCS, Pell JP. Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma related to gravitational challenge: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ (Clinical research ed). [10. 1136/ 327. 7429. 1459]. 2003;327(7429):1459-61.

1755. Khalil H, Nunez DA. Func t ional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. In: The Cochrane C, Khalil H, editors. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

1756. Hartog B, van Benthem PP, Prins LC, Hordijk GJ. Efficacy of sinus irrigation versus sinus irrigation followed by functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 1997;106(9):759-66.

1757. Hopkins C, Browne JP, Slack R, Lund V, Topham J, Reeves B, Ta iH. The national comparative audit of surgery for nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Otolaryngol. 2006 Oct;31(5):390-8.

1758. Hopkins C, Slack R, Lund V, Brown P, Copley L, Browne J. Long-term outcomes from the English national comparative audit of surgery for nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Dec;119(12):2459-65.

1759. Chester AC, Antisdel JL, Sindwani R. Symptom-specific outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;140(5):633-9.

1760. Croy I, Hummel T, Pade A, Pade J. Quality of life following nasal surgery. The Laryngoscope. [10. 1002/lary. 20824]. 2010;120(4):826-31.

1761. Smith TL, Mendolia-Loffredo S, Loehrl TA, Sparapani R, Laud PW, Nattinger AB. Predictive factors and outcomes in endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2005 Dec;115(12):2199-205.

1762. Deal RT, Kountakis SE. Significance of nasal polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis: Symptoms and surgical outcomes. The Laryngoscope. 2004;114(11 I):1932-5.

1763. Javer AR, Genoway KA. Patient quality of life improvements with and without computer assistance in sinus surgery: outcomes s tudy. The Journal of Otolaryngology. 2006;35(6):373-9.

1764. Lund VJ. The results of inferior and middle meatal antrostomy under endoscopic control. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1993;47(1):65-71.

1765. Penttila MA, Rautiainen ME, Pukander JS, Karma PH. Endoscopic versus Caldwell- Luc approach in chronic maxillar y sinusitis: comparison of symptoms at oneyear follow-up. Rhinology. 1994;32(4):161-5.

1766. Kuehnemund M, Lopatin A, Amedee RG, Mann WJ. Endonasal sinus surgery: extended versus limited approach. Amer i c an journa l of rhinology. 2002;16(4):187-92.

1767. Jankowsk i R, Pigret D, Decroocq F, Blum A, Gillet P. Comparison of radical (nasalisation) and functional ethmoidectomy in patients with severe sinonasal polyposis. A retrospective study. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 2006;127(3):131-40.

1768. Havas TE, Lowinger DS. Comparison of functional endonasal sinus surger y with and without par tial middle turbinate resection. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2000;109(7):634-40.

1769. Marchioni D, Alicandri-Ciufelli M, Mattioli F, Marchetti A, Jovic G, Massone F, Ta iH. Middle turbinate preservation versus middle turbinate resection in endoscopic surgical treatment of nasal polyposis. Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2008;128(9):1019-26.

1770. Soler ZM, Hwang PH, Mace J, Smith TL. Outcomes after middle turbinate resection: revisiting a controversial topic. The Laryngoscope. [10. 1002/lary. 20812]. 2010;120(4):832- 7.

1771. Myller J, Dastidar P, Torkkeli T, Rautiainen M, Toppila - Salmi S . Compute d tomography findings after endoscopic sinus surgery with preserving or enlarging maxillary sinus ostium surgery. Rhinology. 2011 Oct;49(4):438-44.

1772. Batra PS, Ryan MW, Sindwani R, Marple BF. Balloon catheter technology in rhinology: Reviewing the evidence. The Laryngoscope. [10. 1002/lary. 21114]. 2011;121(1):226-32.

1773. Tomazic PV, Stammberger H, Koele W, Gerstenberger C. Ethmoid roof CSF-leak following frontal sinus balloon sinuplasty. Rhinology. [10. 4193/Rhin09. 129] . 2010;48(2):247-50.

1774. Gliklich RE, Metson R. Effect of sinus surgery on quality of life. Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1997 Jul;117(1):12-7.

1775. Carks SC, Shamsa F. Evaluation of prognostic factors in endoscopic sinus surgery. American journal of rhinology. 1997;11(3):187-91.

1776. Wang P-C, Chu C-C, Liang S-C, Tai C-J. Outcome predictors for endoscopic sinus surgery. Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery: Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2002;126(2):154-9.

1777. Kim HY, Dhong H-J, Chung SK, Chung Y-J, Kim M-G. Clinical characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis with asthma. Auris, Nasus, Larynx. [10. 1016/j. anl. 2006. 05. 002]. 2006;33(4):403-8.

1778. Ramadan HH. Surgical causes of failure in endoscopic sinus surger y. The Laryngoscope. 1999;109(1):27-9.

1779. McMains KC, Kountakis SE. Revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery: Objective and subjective surgical outcomes. American journal of rhinology. 2005;19(4):344-7.

1780. Cohen NA, Kennedy DW. Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery . Otolaryngologic clinics of North America. [Review]. 2006;39(3):417-35.

1781. Mechor B, Javer AR. Revision endoscopic sinus surgery: the St. Paul's Sinus Centre experience. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino- laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale. 2008;37(5):676-80.

1782. Videler WJM, van Drunen CM, van der Meulen FW, Fokkens WJ. Radical surgery: effect on quality of life and pain in chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery: Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. [10. 1016/j. otohns. 2006. 08. 010]. 2007;136(2):261-7.

1783. King JM, Caldarelli DD, Pigato JB. A review of revision functional endoscopic sinus surger y. The Lar yngoscope. [10. 1288/00005537-199404000-00002]. 1994;104(4):404-8.

1784. Chu CT, Lebowitz RA, Jacobs JB. An analysis of sites of disease in revision endoscopic sinus surgery. American journal of rhinology. 1997;11(4):287-91.

1785. Bhattacharyya N. Clinical outcomes after revision endoscopic sinus surgery. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. [10. 1001/archotol. 130. 8. 975]. 2004;130(8):975-8.

1786. Litvack JR, Griest S, James KE, Smith TL. Endoscopic and quality-of-life outcomes after revision endoscopic sinus surger y. The Lar yngoscope. [10. 1097/MLG. 0b013e31814539e8]. 2007;117(12):2233-8.

1787. Schlosser RJ. Surgical salvage for the non-functioning sinus. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America. [10. 1016/j. otc. 2010. 02. 015]. 2010;43(3):591-604, ix-x- 591-604, ix-x. 1788. Ferguson BJ, Otto BA, Pant H. When surger y, antibiotics, and steroids fail to resolve chronic rhinosinusitis. Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. 2009 Nov;29(4):719-32.

1788. Aukema AA, Mulder PG, Fokkens WJ. Treatment of nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitis with fluticasone propionate

1789. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2005 May;115(5):1017-23.

1790. Bross-Soriano D, Arrieta-G??mez JR, Prado-Calleros H. Infections after endoscopic polypectomy using nasal steroids. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2004;130(3):319-22.

1791. Chalton R, Mackay I, Wilson R, Cole P. Double blind, placebo controlled trial of betamethasone nasal drops for nasal polyposis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985 Sep 21;291(6498):788.

1792. Dingsor G, Kramer J, Ol shol t R, S??derstr??m T. Flunisolide nasal spray 0. 025% in the prophylactic treatment of nasal polyposis after polypectomy. A randomized, double blind, parallel, placebo controlled study. Rhinology. 1985;23(1):49-.

1793. Drettner B, Ebbesen A, Nilsson M. Prophylactive treatment with flunisolide after polypectomy. Rhinology. 1982;20(3):149-58.

1794. Filiaci F, Passali D, Puxeddu R, Schrewelius C. A randomized controlled tr ial showing efficacy of once daily intranasal budesonide in nasal polyposis. Rhinology. 2000;38(4):185-90.

1795. Hartwig S, Linden M, Laurent C, Vargo AK, Lindqvist N. Budesonide nasal spray as prophylactict reatment after polypectomy. (A double blind clinical trial). Journal of Laryngol Otol. 1988;102(2):148-51.

1796. Holmberg K, Juliusson S, Balder B, Smith DL, Richards DH, Karlsson G. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in the treatment of nasal polyposis. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. 1997;78(3):270-6.

1797. Holmstrom M. Clinical performance of fluticasone propionate nasal drops. Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1999;Supplement 54(53):21-5.

1798. Holopainen E, Grahne B, Malmberg H. Budesonide in the treatment of nasal polyposis. European Journal of Respiratory Diseases. 1982;63(Suppl 122):221-8.

1799. Jankowski R, Klossek JM, Attali V, Coste A, Serrano E. Long-term study of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in acute and maintenance therapy of nasal polyposis. Allergy. 2009;64(6):944-50.

1800. Johansen L, Illum P, Kristensen S, Winther L, Petersen S, Synnerstad B. The effect of budesonide (Rhinocort A) in the treatment of small and medium-sized nasal polyps. Clinical Otolaryngology & Allied Sciences. 1993;18(6):524-7.

1801. Johansson L, Holmberg K, Mel?cn I, Stierna P, Bende M. Sensitivity of a new grading system for studying nasal polyps with the potential to detect early changes in polyp size after treatment with a topical corticosteroid (budesonide). Acta otolaryngologica2002. p. 49-53.

1802. Keith P, Nieminen J, Hollingworth K, Dolovich J. Efficacy and tolerability of fluticasone propionate nasal drops 400 mug daily compared with placebo for the treatment of bilateral polyposis in adults. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2000;30(10):1460-8.

1803. Land DA, McNeill J. Double blind controlled study of effect of topical steroids on nasal polyps. Clinical Otolaryngology. 1983;8:139.

1804. Lildholdt T, Rundcrantz H, Lindqvist N. Efficacy of topical corticosteroid powder for nasal polyps: a double-blind, placebocontrolled study of budesonide. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 1995 Feb;20(1):26-30.

1805. Mastalerz L, Milewski M, Duplaga M, Nizankowska E, Szczeklik A. Intranasal fluticasone propionate for chronic eosinophilic rhinitis in patients with aspirin-induced asthma. Allergy. 1997 Sep;52(9):895-900.

1806. Mygind N, Pedersen CB, Prytz S, S??rensen H. Treatment of nasal polyps with intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol. Clinical Allergy. 1975;5(2):159-64.

1807. Passali D, Bernstein JM, Passali FM, Damiani V, Passali GC, Bellussi L. Treatment of recurrent chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis. Archives of otolaryngology-head & neck surgery. 2003;129(6):656-9.

1808. Penttila M, Poulsen P, Hollingworth K, Holmstrom M. Dose-related efficacy and tolerability of fluticasone propionate nasal drops 400 mug once daily and twice daily in the treatment of bilateral nasal polyposis: A placebo-controlled randomized study in adult patients. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2000;30(1):94-102.

1809. Ruhno J, Andersson B, Denburg J, Anderson M, Hitch D, Lapp P, Ta iH. A double-blind comparison of intranasal budesonide with placebo for nasal polyposis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1990 Dec;86(6 Pt 1):946-53.

1810. Small CB, Hernandez J, Reyes A, Schenkel E, Damiano A, Stryszak P, Ta iH. Efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate nasal spray in nasal polyposis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2005 Dec;116(6):1275-81.

1811. Stjarne P, Blomgren K, Caye-Thomasen P, Salo S, Soderstrom T. The efficacy and safety of once-daily mometasone furoate nasal spray in nasal polyposis: A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study. Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2006;126(6):606-12.

1812. Stjarne P, Olsson P, Alenius M. Use of mometasone furoate to prevent polyp relapse after endoscopic sinus surgery. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2009 Mar;135(3):296-302.

1813. Tos M, Svendstrup F, Arndal H, Orntoft S, Jakobsen J, Borum P, Ta iH. Efficacy of an aqueous and a powder formulation of nasal budesonide compared in patients with nasal polyps. American journal of rhinology. 1998;12(3):183-9.

1814. Vlckova I, Navratil P, Kana R, Pavlicek P, Chrbolka P, Djupesland PG. Effective treatment of mild-to-moderate nasal polyposis with fluticasone delivered by a novel device. Rhinology. 2009;47(4):419-26.

1815. Jankowski R, Schrewelius C, Bonfils P, Saban Y, Gilain L, Prades JM, Ta iH. Efficacy and tolerability of budesonide aqueous nasal spray treatment in patients with nasal polyps. Archives of otolaryngology- head & neck surgery. [Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial]. 2001 Apr;127(4):447-52.

1816. Stjarne P, Mosges R, Jor issen M, Passali D, Bellussi L, Staudinger H, Ta iH. A randomized controlled trial of mometasone furoate nasal spray for the treatment of nasal polyposis. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2006 Feb;132(2):179-85.

1817. Berggren F, Johans son L . Cos t effectiveness of nasal budesonide versus surgical treatment for nasal polyps. Pharmacoeconomics. 2003;21(5):352-6.

1818. el Naggar M, Kale S, Aldren C, Martin F. Effect of Beconase nasal spray on olfactory function in post-nasal polypectomy patients: a prospective controlled trial. J Laryngol Otol. 1995 Oct;109(10):941-4.

1819. Jurkiewicz D, Zielnik-Jurkiewicz B, Wojdas A. Effectiveness of fluticasone propionate in nasal polyps treatment. International Review of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. 2004;10(1):22-4.

1820. Karlsson G, Rundcrantz H. A randomized trial in intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate af ter polypec tomy. Rhinology. 1982;20(3):144-8.

1821. Rowe-Jones JM, Medcalf M, Durham SR, Richards DH, Mackay IS. Functional endoscopic sinus surger y : 5 year follow up and results of a prospective, randomised, stratified, double-blind, placebo controlled study of postoperative fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray. Rhinology. 2005;43(1):2-10.

1822. Chur V, Small CB, Stryszak P, Teper A. Mometasone furoate nasal spray is safe for the treatment of nasal polyps in pediatric subjects 6-17 years of age. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2010;25(2 Suppl 2):AB101-AB.

1823. Hansen FS, Djupesland PG, Fokkens WJ. Preliminary efficacy of fluticasone delivered by a novel device in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2010 Sep;48(3):292-9.

1824. Patriarca G, Bellioni P, Nucera E, Schiavino D, Papa G, Schinco G, Ta iH. Intranasal treatment with lysine acetyl salicylate in patients with nasal polyposis. Ann Allergy. 1991 Dec;67(6):588-92.

1825. Stevenson DD, Pleskow WW, Simon RA, Mathison DA, Lumry WR, Schatz M, Ta iH. Aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis asthma: a double-blind crossover study of treatment with aspirin. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1984 Apr;73(4):500-7.

1826. Benninger MS. Epistaxis and its relationship to handedness with use of intranasal steroid spray. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2008 Aug;87(8):463-5.

1827. Kumar SD, Brieva JL, Danta I, Wanner A. Transient effect of inhaled fluticasone on airway mucosal blood flow in subjects with and without asthma. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine. 2000;161(3 Pt 1):918-21.

1828. Salib RJ, Howar th PH. Safety and tolerability prof i les of int ranasal antihistamines an dintranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Drug Saf. 2003;26(12):863-93.

1829. Lund VJ, Preziosi P, Hercberg S, Hamoir M, Dubreuil C, Pessey JJ, Ta iH. Yearly incidence of rhinitis, nasal bleeding, and other nasal symptoms in mature women. Rhinology. [Multicenter Study Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't]. 2006 Mar;44(1):26-31.

1830. Lanier B, Kai G, Marple B, Wall GM Pathophysiology and progression of nasal septal perforation. Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. [Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't Review]. 2007 2007 Dec Dec;99(6):473-9; quiz 80-1.

1831. Mygind N. Effects of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol on nasal mucosa. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977;4 Suppl 3:287S-91S.

1832. Holm AF, Fokkens WJ, Godthelp T, Mulder PG, Vroom TM, Rijntjes E. A 1-year placebo-controlled study of intranasal fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: a safety and biopsy study. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. [Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't]. 1998 Feb;23(1):69-73.

1833. Mygind N, Sorensen H, Pedersen CB. The nasal mucosa during long-term treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol. A light-and scanning electron microscopic study of nasal polyps. Acta Otolaryngol. 1978 May-Jun;85(5-6):437-43.

1834. Klemi PJ, Virolainen E, Puhakka H. The effect of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate on the nasal mucosa. Rhinology. [Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial]. 1980 Mar;18(1):19-24.

1835. Lindqvist N, Balle VH, Karma P, Karja J, Lindstrom D, Makinen J, Ta iH. Long-term safety and efficacy of budesonide nasal aerosol in perennial rhinitis. A 12-month multicentre study. Allergy. [Clinical Trial]. 1986 Apr;41(3):179-86.

1836. Baroody FM, Cheng CC, Moylan B, deTineo M, Haney L, Reed KD, Ta iH. Absence of nasal mucosal atrophy with fluticasone aqueous nasal spray. Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck [Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't Research Support, U. S. Gov't, P. H. S. ]. 2001 Feb;127(2):193-9.

1837. Klossek JM, Lalibert, x00E, F., F. M, Mounedji N, Ta iH. Local safety of intranasal triamcinolone acetonide: clinical and histological aspects of nasal mucosa in the long-term treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. Rhinology. [Clinical Trial Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't]. 2001 Mar;39(1):17-22.

1838. Minshall E, Ghaffar O, Cameron L, O'Brien F, Quinn H, Rowe-Jones J, Ta iH. Assessment by nasal biopsy of long-term use of mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray (Nasonex) in the treatment of perennial rhinitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1998 May;118(5):648-54.

1839. Derendorf H, Meltzer EO. Molecular and clinical pharmacology of intranasal corticosteroids: clinical and therapeutic implications. Allergy. [Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't eview]. 2008 Oct;63(10):1292-300.

1840. Bielory L, Blaiss M, Fineman SM, Ledford DK, Lieberman P, Simons FE, Ta m. Concerns about intranasal corticosteroids for over-the-counter use: position statement of the Joint Task Force for the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. [Review]. 2006 Apr;96(4):514-25.

1841. Skoner D. Update of growth effects of inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 Feb;2(1):7-10.

1842. Lildholdt T, Fogstrup J, Gammelgaard N, Kortholm B, Ulsoe C. Surgical versus medical treatment of nasal polyps. Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1988;105(1-2):140-3.

1843. Martinez-Anton A, De BC, Alobid I Ta iH. Corticosteroid therapy increases membrane- tethered while decreases secreted mucin expression in nasal polyps. Allergy : European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2008;63(10):1368-76.

1844. Vaidyanathan S, Barnes M, Williamson P, Hopkinson P, Donnan PT, Lipworth B. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis with oral steroids followed by topical steroids: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Mar 1;154(5):293-302.

1845. Schalek P, Petras P, Klement V, Hahn A. Short-term ant ibiot ics t reatment in patients with nasal polyps and enterotoxins producing Staphylococcus aureus strains. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino- Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino- Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2009 Dec;266(12):1909-13.

1846. Yamada T, Fujieda S, Mori S, Yamamoto H, Saito H. Macrolide treatment decreased the size of nasal polyps and IL-8 levels in nasal lavage. American journal of rhinology. 2000 May- Jun;14(3):143-8.

1847. Guglielmo M, Gulotta C, Mancini F, Sacchi M, Tarantini F. Recalcitrant nasal polyposis: achievement of total remission following treatment with omalizumab. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009;19(2):158-9.

1848. Grundmann SA, Hemfort PB, Luger TA, Brehler R. Anti-IgE (omalizumab): a new therapeutic approach for chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2008 Jan;121(1):257-8.

1849. Penn R, Mikula S. The role of anti-IgE immunoglobulin therapy in nasal polyposis: a pilot study. American journal of rhinology. 2007 Jul-Aug;21(4):428-32.

1850. Vennera Mdel C, Picado C, Mullol J, Alobid I, Bernal-Sprekelsen M. Efficacy of omalizumab in the treatment of nasal polyps. Thorax. 2011 Sep;66(9):824-5.

1851. Cox L, Lieberman P, Wallace D, Simons FE, Finegold I, Platts-Mills T, Ta iH. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Omalizumab-Associated Anaphylaxis Joint Task Force follow-up report. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011 Jul;128(1):210-2.

1852. Omalizumab: a second look in severe persistent asthma: new adverse effects. Prescrire Int. 2011 Apr;20(115):90-2.

1853. Mepol i zumab: 240563, ant i - IL- 5 monoclonal antibody - GlaxoSmithKline, anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody - GlaxoSmithKline, SB 240563. Drugs R D. 2008;9(2):125-30.

1854. Walsh GM. Reslizumab, a humanized anti-IL-5 mAb for the treatment of eosinophilmediated inflammatory conditions. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2009 Jun;11(3):329-36.

1855. Castro M, Mathur S, Hargreave F, Boulet LP, Xie F, Young J, Ta iH. Reslizumab for poorly controlled, eosinophilic asthma: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2011 Nov 15;184(10):1125-32.

1856. Haye R, Aanesen JP, Burtin B, Donnelly F, Duby C. The effect of cetirizine on symptoms and signs of nasal polyposis. J Laryngol Otol. 1998 Nov;112(11):1042-6.

1857. Kuhn FA, Javer AR. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: perioperative management, prevention of recurrence, and role of steroids and antifungal agents. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America. 2000 Apr;33(2):419-33.

1858. Stankiewicz JA, Musgrave BK, Scianna JM. Nasal amphotericin irrigation in chronic rhinosinusitis. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2008 Feb;16(1):44-6.

1859. Ebbens FA, Georgalas C, Fok kens WJ. Fungus as the cause of chronic rhinosinusitis: the case remains unproven. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2009 Feb;17(1):43-9.

1860. Jen A, Kacker A, Huang C, Anand V. Fluconazole nasal spray in the treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis: A pilot study. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2004;83(10):692-5.

1861. Kennedy DW, Kuhn FA, Hamilos DL, Zinreich SJ, Butler D, Warsi G, Ta iH. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with high-dose oral terbinafine: A double blind, placebo-controlled study. The Laryngoscope. 2005;115(10 I):1793-9.

1862. Rains BM, 3rd, Mineck CW. Treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis with highdose itraconazole. American journal of rhinology. 2003 Jan-Feb;17(1):1-8.

1863. Chan KO, Genoway KA, Javer AR. Effectiveness of itraconazole in the management of refractory allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale. 2008 Dec;37(6):870-4.

1864. Inhaled frusemide and asthma. Lancet. 1990 Apr 21;335(8695):944-6.

1865. Cavaliere F, Masieri S. Furosemide protec t ive ef fec t agains t ai rway obstruction. Curr Drug Targets. 2002 Jun;3(3):197-201.

1866. Passali D, Mezzedimi C, Passali GC, Bellussi L. Efficacy of inhalation form of furosemide to prevent postsurgical relapses of rhinosinusal polyposis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2000 Nov-Dec;62(6):307-10.

1867. Kroflic B, Coer A, Baudoin T, Kalogjera L. Topical furosemide versus oral steroid in preoperative management of nasal polyposis. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2006;263(8):767-71.

1868. Corrigan CJ. Asthma refractory to glucocor ticoids: the role of newer immunosuppressants. Am J Respir Med. 2002;1(1):47-54.

1869. Schaper C, Noga O, Koch B, Ewert R, Felix SB, Glaser S, Ta iH. Anti-inflammatory properties of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist in patients with asthma and nasal polyposis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2011;21(1):51-8.

1870. Kieff DA, Busaba NY. Efficac y of montelukast in the treatment of nasal polyposis. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2005;114(12 I):941-5.

1871. Parnes SM, Chuma AV. Acute effects of antileukotrienes on sinonasal polyposis and sinusitis. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2000 Jan;79(1):18-20, 4-5.

1872. Nonaka M, Sakanushi A, Kusama K, Ogihara N, Yagi T. One-year evaluation of combined treatment with an intranasal corticosteroid and montelukast for chronic rhinosinusitis associated with asthma. J Nippon Med Sch. 2010;77(1):21-8.

1873. Mostafa BE, Hay HA, Mohammed HE, Yamani M. Role of leukotriene inhibitors in the postoperative management of nasal polyps. Orl. 2005;67(3):148-53.

1874. Pauli C, Fintelmann R, Klemens C, Hilgert E, Jund F, Rasp G, Ta iH. [Polyposis nasi- - improvement in quality of life by the influence of leukotrien receptor antagonists]. Laryngorhinootologie. 2007 Apr;86(4):282-6.

1875. Stewart RA, Ram B, Hamilton G, Weiner J, Kane KJ. Montelukast as an adjunct to oral and inhaled steroid therapy in chronic nasal polyposis. Otolaryngology—head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery. 2008 Nov;139(5):682-7.

1876. Rizk H. Role of aspirin desensitization in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2011 Jun;19(3):210-7.

1877. Kamani T, Sama A. Management of nasal polyps in 'aspirin sensitive asthma' triad. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2011 Feb;19(1):6-10.

1878. Rozsasi A, Polzehl D, Deutschle T, Smith E, Wiesmiller K, Riechelmann H, Ta iH. Long-term treatment with aspirin desensitization: a prospective clinical trial comparing 100 and 300 mg aspirin daily. Allergy. 2008 Sep;63(9):1228-34.

1879. Zheng C, Wang Z, Lacroix JS. Effect of intranasal treatment with capsaicin on the recurrence of polyps after polypectomy and ethmoidec tomy. Ac ta Oto-Laryngologica. 2000;120(1):62-6.

1880. Baudoin T, Kalogjera L, Hat J. Capsaicin significantly reduces sinonasal polyps. Acta Otolaryngol. 2000 Mar;120(2):307-11.

1881. Filiaci F, Zambetti G, Luce M, Ciofalo A. Local treatment of nasal polyposis with capsaicin: preliminary findings. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1996 Jan-Feb;24(1):13-8.

1882. Johansson L, Oberg D, Melen I, Bende M. Do topical nasal decongestants affect polyps? Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2006;126(3):288-90.

1883. Pigret D, Jankowski R. Management of post-ethmoidectomy crust formation: randomized single-blind clinical trial comparing pressurized seawater versus antiseptic/mucolytic saline. Rhinology. 1996 Mar;34(1):38-40.

1884. Pinto JM, Elwany S, Baroody FM, Naclerio RM. Effects of saline sprays on symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgery. American journal of rhinology. 2006;20(2):191-6.

1885. Poetker DM, Mendolia-Loffredo S, Smith TL. Outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis associated with sinonasal polyposis. American journal of rhinology. 2007 Jan-Feb;21(1):84-8.

1886. Dalziel K, Stein K, Round A, Garside R, Royle P. Systematic review of endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyps. Health Technol Assess. 2003;7(17):iii, 1-159.

1887. Wynn R, Har-El G. Recurrence rates after endoscopic sinus surgery for massive sinus polyposis. The Laryngoscope. 2004 May;114(5):811-3.

1888. Bhattacharyya N. Influence of polyps on outcomes after endoscopic sinus surger y. The Lar yngoscope. 2007 Oct;117(10):1834-8.

1889. Alobid I, Benitez P, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Roca J, Alonso J, Picado C, Ta iH. Nasal polyposis and its impact on quality of life: comparison between the effects of medical and surgical treatments. Allergy. 2005;60(4):452-8.

1890. Schapowal AG, Simon HU, Schmitz- S chumann M. Phenomenology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1995;49(3):235-50.

1891. Masterson L, Tanweer F, Bueser T, Leong P. Extensive endoscopic sinus surgery: does this reduce the revision rate for nasal polyposis? European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 Oct;267(10):1557-61.

1892. Silverman JB, Prasittivatechakool K, Busaba NY. An evidence-based review of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Nov-Dec;23(6):e59-62.

1893. Chan Y, Melroy CT, Kuhn CA, Kuhn FL, Daniel WT, Kuhn FA. Long-term frontal sinus patency after endoscopic frontal sinusotomy. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Jun;119(6):1229-32.

1894. Friedman M, Bliznikas D, Vidyasagar R, Joseph NJ, Landsberg R. Long-term results after endoscopic sinus surgery involving frontal recess dissection. The Laryngoscope. 2006 Apr;116(4):573-9.

1895. Lee JY, Lee SH, Hong HS, Lee JD, Cho SH. Is the canine fossa puncture approach really necessary for the severely diseased maxillary sinus during endoscopic sinus surgery? The Laryngoscope. 2008 Jun;118(6):1082-7.

1896. Seiberling K, Ooi E, MiinYip J, Wormald PJ. Canine fossa trephine for the severely diseased maxillary sinus. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2009 Nov-Dec;23(6):615-8.

1897. Sathananthar S, Nagaonkar S, Paleri V, Le T, Robinson S, Wormald PJ. Canine fossa puncture and clearance of the maxillary sinus for the severely diseased maxillary sinus. The Laryngoscope. 2005 Jun;115(6):1026-9.

1898. Wright ED, Agrawal S. Impact of perioperative systemic steroids on surgical outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis: evaluation with the novel Perioperative Sinus Endoscopy (POSE) scoring system. The Laryngoscope. 2007 Nov;117(11 Pt 2 Suppl 115):1-28.

1899. Wormald PJ. Salvage frontal sinus surgery: the endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure. The Laryngoscope. 2003 Feb;113(2):276-83.

1900. Georgalas C, Hansen F, Videler WJ, Fokkens WJ. Long terms results of Draf type III (modified endoscopic Lothrop) frontal sinus drainage procedure in 122 patients: a single centre experience. Rhinology. 2011 Jun;49(2):195-201.

1901. Anderson P, Sindwani R. Safety and efficacy of the endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Sep;119(9):1828-33.

1902. Dalziel K, Stein K, Round A, Garside R, Royle P. Endoscopic sinus surgery for the excision of nasal polyps: A systematic review of safety and effectiveness. Amer i c an journa l of rhinology. 2006;20(5):506-19.

1903. Hopkins C, Browne JP, Slack R, Lund VJ, Topham J, Reeves BC, Ta IH. Complications of surgery for nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitis: The results of a national audit in England and Wales. The Laryngoscope. 2006;116(8):1494-9.

1904. Ecevit MC, Sutay S, Erdag TK. The microdebrider and its complications in endoscopic surgery for nasal polyposis. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhinolaryngologie et de chirurgie cervicofaciale. 2008 Apr;37(2):160-4.

1905. Devars du Mayne M, Pruliere-Escabasse V, Zerah-Lancner F, Coste A, Papon JF. Polypec tomy compared wi t h ethmoidectomy in the treatment of nasal polyposis. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2011 Feb;137(2):111-7.

1906. Bajaj Y, Sethi N, Carr S, Knight LC. Endoscopic sinus surgery as daycase procedure. J Laryngol Otol. 2009 Jun;123(6):619-22.

1907. Lee JY, Lee SW. Influence of age on the surgical outcome after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. The Laryngoscope. [10. 1097/MLG. 0b013e318058197a]. 2007;117(6):1084-9.

1908. Reh DD, Mace J, Robinson JL, Smith TL. Impact of age on presentation of chronic rhinosinusitis and outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery. American journal of rhinology. 2007 Mar-Apr;21(2):207-13.

1909. Sil A, Mackay I, Rowe-Jones J. Assessment of predictive prognostic factors for functional endoscopic sinus surgery in a 5-year prospective outcome study. American journal of rhinology. 2007;21(3):289-96.

1910. Akhtar S, Ikram M, Azam I, Dahri T. Factors associated with recurrent nasal polyps: a tertiary care experience. JPMA The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2010 Feb;60(2):102-4.

1911. Ramadan HH, VanMetre R. Endoscopic sinus surgery in geriatric population. Amer i c an journa l of rhinology. 2004;18(2):125-7.

1912. Jiang RS, Hsu CY. Endoscopic sinus surgery for the treatment of chronic sinusitis in geriatric patients. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2001;80(4):230-2.

1913. Ban JH, Kwon HJ, Lee KC. Outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery in an elderly population: comparison with those in an adult population. Clin Otolaryngol. 2010 Aug;35(4):300-6.

1914. Hopkins C, Gillett S, Slack R. Are men really more full of SNOT? Clin Otolaryngol. 2009 Jun;34(3):267-8.

1915. Busaba NY, Sin HJ, Salman SD. Impact of gender on clinical presentation of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without polyposis. J Laryngol Otol. 2008 Nov;l22(ll):ll80-4.

1916. Nakayama T, Yoshikawa M, Asaka D, Okushi T, Matsuwaki Y, Otori N, та ін. Mucosal eosinophilia and recurrence of nasal polyps - new classification of chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2011 Oct;49(4):392-6.

1917. Punekar YS, Ahmad A, Saleh HA. Estimating the effect of nasal steroid treatment on repeat polypectomies: survival time analysis using the General Practice Research Database. Rhinology. 2011 Jun;49(2):l90-4.

1918. Lee JY, Lee SW, Lee JD. Comparison of the surgical outcome between primary and revision endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Am J Otolaryngol. 2008 Nov-Dec;29(6):379-84.

1919. Poznanovic SA, Kingdom TT. Total IgE levels and peripheral eosinophilia: correlation with mucosal disease based on computed tomographic imaging of the paranasal sinus. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2007 Jul;l33(7):70l-4.

1920. Tosun F, Arslan HH, Karslioglu Y, Deveci MS, Durmaz A. Relationship between postoperative recurrence rate and eosinophil density of nasal polyps. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2010 Jul;ll9(7):455-9.

1921. Seybt MW, McMains KC, Kountakis SE. The prevalence and effect of asthma on adults with chronic rhinosinusitis. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2007 Jul;86(7):409-ll.

1922. Lin DC, Chandra RK, Tan BK, Zirkle W, Conley DB, Grammer LC, та ін. Association between severity of asthma and degree of chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2011 Jul-Aug;25(4):205-8.

1923. Zhang Z, Linkin DR, Finkelman BS, O'Malley BW, Jr., Thaler ER, Doghramji L, та ін. Asthma and biofilm-forming bacteria are independently associated with revision sinus surgeries for chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011 Jul;l28(l):22l-3 el.

1924. Dunlop G, Scadding GK, Lund VJ. The effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on asthma: management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis, and asthma. American journal of rhinology. 1999;1З(4):261-5.

1925. Dixon AE, Kaminsky DA, Holbrook JT, Wise RA, Shade DM, Irvin CG. Allergic rhinitis and sinusitis in asthma differential: Effects on symptoms and pulmonary function. Chest. 2006;l30(2):429-35.

1926. Young J, Frenkiel S, Tewfik MA, Mouadeb DA. Long-term outcome analysis of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2007 Nov-Dec;2l(6):743-7.

1927. Jarvis D, Newson R, Lotvall J, Hastan D, Tomassen P, Keil T, та ін. Asthma in adults and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis: The GA(2) LEN survey in Europe. Allergy. 2012 Jan;67(l):9l-8.

1928. Lund VJ. The effect of sinonasal surgery on asthma. Allergy. l999;54(Suppl 57):l4l-5.

1929. Scadding G. The effect of medical treatment of sinusitis upon concomitant asthma. Allergy. l999;54(Suppl 57):l36-40.

1930. Senior BA, Kennedy DW. Management of sinusitis in the asthmatic patient. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 1996;77(1):6-15; quiz-9.

1931. Park AH, Lau J, Stankiewicz J, Chow J. The role of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in asthmatic patients. J Otolaryngol. 1998;27(5):275.

1932. Palmer JN, Conley DB, Dong RG, Ditto AM, Yarnold PR, Kern RC. Efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of patients with asthma and chronic sinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2001 Jan-Feb;15(1):49-53.

1933.Riechelmann H, Mewes T, Weschta M, Gropper G. Nasal allergen provocation with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients with chronic rhinitis referred to a rhinologic surgical center. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2002;88(6):624.

1934.Gosepath J, Pogodsky T, Mann WJ. Characteristics of recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis after previous surgical therapy. Ac ta Otolar yngol. 2008 Jul;128(7):778-84.

1935.Walker C, Wi l l iams H, Phelan J. Allergic rhinitis history as a predictor o fother future disqua lifying otorhinolaryngological defects. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998;69(10):952-6.

1936. Ferguson BJ, Johnson JT. Allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. Is there a connection between al lergy and infection? PostgradMed. 1999;105(4):55.

1937. Pinto JM, Baroody FM. Chronic sinusitis and allergic rhinitis: at the nexus of sinonasal inflammator y disease. J Otolaryngol. 2002;31(Suppl 1):S10-7.

1938.Smart BA. The impact of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis on pediatric sinusitis. Current Allergy & Asthma Reports. 2006;6(3):221-7.

1939.Gutman M, Torres A, Keen KJ, Houser SM. Prevalence of allergy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-He ad and Neck Surgery. 2004 May;130(5):545-52.

1940.Suzuki M, Watanabe T, Suko T, Mogi G. Comparison of sinusitis with and without allergic rhinitis: characteristics of paranasal sinus effusion and mucosa. Am J Otolaryngol. 1999;20(3):143-50.

1941.Nishiok a GJ, Cook PR, Davis WE, McKinsey JP. Immunotherapy in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery: Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1994;110(4):406-12.

1942.Bertrand B, Eloy P, Rombeaux Pl. Allergy and sinusitis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1997;51(4):227-37.

1943.Giger R, Dulguerov P, Quinodoz D, Leuba D, Landis BN, Lacroix JS, та ін. Chronic panrhinosinusitis without nasal polyps: Long-term outcome after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. 2004;131(4):534-41.

1944. Bonfils P, Malinvaud D. Influence of allergy in patients with nasal polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery. Acta Otolaryngol. 2008 Feb;128(2):186-92.

1945. Bergoin C, Gosset P, Lamblin C, Bolard F, Turck D, Tonnel AB, та ін. Cell and cytokine profile in nasal secretions in cystic fibrosis. J CystFibros. 2002;1(3):110.

1946. Osborn AJ, Leung R, Ratjen F, James AL. Effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on pulmonary function and microbial pathogens in a pediatric population with cystic fibrosis. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2011 Jun;137(6):542-7.

1947.Halvorson DJ, Dupree JR, Porubsky ES. Management of chronic sinusitis in the adult cystic fibrosis patient. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 1998;107(11 Pt 1):946-52.

1948. Rowe-Jones JM, Mackay IS. Endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of cystic fibrosis with nasal polyposis. The Laryngoscope. 1996 Dec;106(12 Pt 1):1540-4.

1949. Friedman M, Landsberg R, Tanyeri H, Schults RA, Kelanic S, Caldarelli DD. Endoscopic sinus surgery in patients infected with HIV. The Laryngoscope. 2000;110(10 Pt 1):1613.

1950. Murphy C, Davidson TM, Jellison W, Austin S, Mathews WC, Ellison DW, та ін. Sinonasal disease and olfactory impairment in HIV disease: endoscopic sinus surgery and outcome measures. The Laryngoscope. 2000;110(10 Pt 1):1707-10.

1951. Hunt SM, Miyamoto RC, Cornelius RS, Tami TA. Invasive fungal sinusitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. OtolaryngolClin North Am. 2000;33(2):335.

1952. Anselmo-Lima WT, Lopes RP, Valera FCP, Demarco RC. Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in immunocompromised patients. Rhinology. 2004;42(3):141-4.

1953. Savage DG, Taylor P, Blackwell J, Chen F, Szydlo RM, Rule SA, та ін. Paranasal sinusitis following allogeneic bone mar row transplant. Bone mar row transplantation. 1997;19(1):55-9.

1954.Imamura R, Voegels R, Sperandio F, Sennes LU, Silva R, Butugan O, та ін. Microbiology of sinusitis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. OtolaryngolHead Neck Surg. 1999;120(2):279.

1955.Kennedy CA, Adams GL, Neglia JP, Giebink GS. Impact of surgical treatment on paranasal fungal infections in bone marrow transplant patients. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1997;116(6 Pt 1):610-6.

1956.Sterman BM. Sinus surgery in bone marrow transplantation patient s. American journal of rhinology. 1999;13(4):315.

1957. Buehring I, Friedrich B, Schaaf J, Schmidt H, Ahrens P, Zielen S. Chronic sinus it is refractory to standard management in patients with humoral immunodeficiencies. Clin Exp Immunol. 1997;109(3):468-72.

1958.Cunningham-Rundles C, Bodian C. Common variable immunodeficiency: clinical and immunological features of 248 patients. Clin Immunol. 1999;92(1):34.

1959. Sneller MC. Common variable immunodeficiency. Am J Med Sci. 2001;321(1):42.

1960.Scadding GK, Lund VJ, Darby YC, Navas- Romero J, Seymour N, Turner MW. IgG subclass levels in chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 1994;32(1):15-9.

1961.Jiang RS, Hsu CY. Serum immunoglobulins and IgG subclass levels in sinus mycetoma. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2004 May;130(5):563-6.

1962. Buckley RH. Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency: fact or fancy? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2002;2(5):356.

1963.Maguire GA, Kumararatne DS, Joyce HJ. Are there any clinical indications for measuring IgG subclasses? Ann Clin Biochem. 2002;39(Pt 4):374.

1964.Seppanen M, Suvilehto J, Lokki ML, Notkola IL, Jarvinen A, Jarva H, та ін. Immunoglobulins and complement factor C4 in adult rhinosinusitis. Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 2006;145(2):219-27.

1965.Tahkokallio O, Seppala IJ, Sarvas H, Kayhty H, Mattila PS. Concentrations of serum immunoglobulins and antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in patients with recurrent or chronic sinusitis. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2001;110(7 Pt 1):675-81.

1966.Lusk RP, Polmar SH, Muntz HR. Endoscopic ethmoidectomy and maxillary antrostomy in immunodeficient patients. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 1991;117(1):60-3.

1967.Chester AC, Sindwani R, Smith TL, Bhattacharyya N. Fatigue improvement following endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Laryngoscope. 2008 Apr;118(4):730-9.

1968. Sauter. The effects of endoscopic sinus surgery on level of fatigue in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2008;22(4):420-6.

1969.Soler ZM, Mace J, Smith TL. Fibromyalgia and chronic rhinosinusitis: outcomes af ter endoscopic s inus surger y. American journal of rhinology. 2008 Jul-Aug;22(4):427-32.

1970.Zhang Z, Kofonow JM, Finkelman BS, Doghramji L, Chiu AG, Kennedy DW, та ін. Clinical factors associated with bacterial biofilm formation in chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011 Mar;144(3):457-62.

1971. Singhal D, Psaltis AJ, Foreman A, Wormald P-J. The impact of biofilms on outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery. American journal of rhinology & allergy. [10. 2500/ ajra. 2010. 24. 3462]. 2010;24(3):169-74.

1972. Das S, Becker AM, Perakis H, Prosser JD, Kountakis SE. The effects of smoking on shortterm quality of life outcomes in sinus surgery. The Laryngoscope. 2007 Dec;117(12):2229-32.

1973. Das S, Khichi SS, Perakis H, Woodard T, Kountakis SE. Effects of smoking on quality of life following sinus surgery: 4-year follow-up. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Nov;119(11):2284-7.

1974.Naidoo Y, Wen D, Bassiouni A, Keen M, Wormald PJ. Long-term results after primary frontal sinus surgery. International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2012 Jan 17.

1975. Moscato G, Pala G, Boillat MA, Folletti I, Gerth van Wijk R, Olgiati-Des Gouttes D, та ін. EAACI position paper: prevention of work-related respiratory allergies among preapprentices or apprentices and young workers. Allergy. 2011 Sep;66(9):1164-73.

1976.Hox V, Delrue S, Scheers H, Adams E, Keirsbilck S, Jorissen M, та ін. Negative impact of occupational exposure on surgical outcome in patients with rhinosinusitis. Allergy. 2012 Jan 9.

1977.Otten FW, Grote JJ. Treatment of chronic maxillary sinusitis in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1988 Sep;15(3):269-78.

1978.Otten HW, Antvelink JB, Ruyter de Wildt H, Rietema SJ, Siemelink RJ, Hordijk GJ. Is antibiotic treatment of chronic sinusitis effective in children? Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 1994 Jun;19(3):215-7.

1979.Don DM, Yellon RF, Casselbrant ML, Bluestone CD. Efficacy of a stepwise protocol that includes intravenous antibiotic therapy for the management of chronic sinusitis in children and adolescents. Archives of otolaryngology- - head & neck surgery . 2001 Sep;127(9):1093-8.

1980.Adappa ND, Coticchia JM. Management of refractory chronic rhinosinusitis in children. Am J Otolaryngol. 2006 Nov-Dec;27(6):384-9.

1981. Gawchik S, Goldstein S, Prenner B, John A. Relief of cough and nasal symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis by mometasone furoate nasal spray. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2003 Apr;90(4):416-21.

1982. Ratner PH, Meltzer EO, Teper A. Mometasone furoate nasal spray is safe and effective for 1-year treatment of children with perennial allergic rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 May;73(5):651-7.

1983. Schenkel EJ, Skoner DP, Bronsky EA, Miller SD, Pearlman DS, Rooklin A, та ін. Absence of growth retardation in children with perennial allergic rhinitis after one year of treatment with mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray. Pediatrics. 2000 Feb;105(2):E22.

1984.Ozturk F, Bakirtas A, Ileri F, Turktas I. Efficacy and tolerability of systemic methylprednisolone in children and adolescents with chronic rhinosinusitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized tr ial. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2011 Aug;128(2):348-52.

1985.Michel O, Essers S, Heppt WJ, Johannssen V, Reuter W, Hommel G. The value of Ems Mineral Salts in the treatment of rhinosinusitis in children: Prospective study on the efficacy of mineral salts versus xylometazoline in the topical nasal treatment of children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2005;69(10):1359-65.

1986.Wei JL, Sykes KJ, Johnson P, He J, Mayo MS. Safety and efficacy of once-daily nasal irrigation for the treatment of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2011 Sep;121(9):1989-2000.

1987. Brietzke SE, Brigger MT. Adenoidectomy outcomes in pediatric rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysis . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Oct;72(10):1541-5.

1988.Ramadan HH, Tiu J. Fai lures of adenoidectomy for chronic rhinosinusitis in children: for whom and when do they fail? The Laryngoscope. 2007 Jun;117(6):1080-3.

1989.Ramadan HH, Cost JL. Outcome of adenoidectomy versus adenoidectomy with maxillary sinus wash for chronic rhinosinusitis in children. The Laryngoscope. 2008 May;118(5):871-3.

1990.Criddle MW, Stinson A, Savliwala M, Coticchia J. Pediatr ic chronic rhinosinusitis: a retrospective review. Am J Otolaryngol. 2008 Nov-Dec;29(6):372-8.

1991.Ramadan HH. Revision endoscopic sinus surgery in children: surgical causes of failure. The Laryngoscope. 2009 Jun;119(6):1214-7.

1992.Ramadan HH, Terrell AM. Balloon catheter sinuplasty and adenoidectomy in children with chronic rhinosinusitis. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2010 Sep;119(9):578-82.

1993. Hebert RL, 2nd, Bent JP, 3rd. Metaanalysis of outcomes of pediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The Laryngoscope. 1998 Jun;108(6):796-9.

1994. Bothwell MR, Piccirillo JF, Lusk RP, Ridenour BD. Long-term outcome of facial growth after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 Jun;126(6):628-34.

1995.Chang PH, Lee LA, Huang CC, Lai CH, Lee TJ. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in children using a limited approach. Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery. [Review]. 2004;130(9):1033-6.

1996.Walner DL, Falciglia M, Willging JP, Myer CM, 3rd. The role of second-look nasal endoscopy after pediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Archives of otolaryngology-head & neck surgery. 1998 Apr;124(4):425-8.

1997.Ramadan HH. Corticosteroid therapy during endoscopic sinus surgery in children: is there a need for a second look? Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2001 Feb;127(2):188-92.

1998. Younis RT. The pros and cons of second-look sinonasal endoscopy after endoscopic sinus surgery in children. Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery. [Review]. 2005;131(3):267-9.

1999.Lee TJ, Liang CW, Chang PH, Huang CC. Risk factors for protracted sinusitis in pediatrics after endoscopic sinus surgery. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2009 Dec;36(6):655-60.

2000.van Oene CM, van Reij EJ, Sprangers MA, Fokkens WJ. Quality-assessment of diseasespecific quality of life ques t ionna i res for rhini t i s and rhinosinusitis: a systematic review. Allergy. 2007 Dec;62(12):1359-71.

2001.Gliklich RE, Metson R. The health impact of chronic sinusitis in patients seeking otolaryngologic care. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;113(1):104-9.

2002. Piccirillo J. Psychometric and clinimetric validity of the 31-item rhinosinusitis outcome measure. American journal of rhinology. 1995(9):297-306.

2003. Mortuaire G, Vandeville S, Chevalier D. Psychometric evaluation of the SinoNasal Outcome Test-16 for quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and nec k di sea ses . 2010 Jun;127(3):91-6.

2004.Anderson ER, Murphy MP, Weymuller EA, Jr. Clinimetric evaluation of the Sinonasal Outcome Test-16. Student Research Award 1998. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 1999 Dec;121(6):702-7.

2005.Majima Y, Kurono Y, Hirakawa K, Suzaki H, Haruna S, Kawauchi H, та ін. Reliability and validity assessments of a Japanese version of QOL 20-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test for chronic rhinosinusitis. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2010 Aug;37(4):443-8.

2006. Zuo KJ, Fang JQ, Piccirillo JF, Wang H, Xu G. [Development of the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 Chinese version (SNOT-20 CV)]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2008 Oct;43(10):751-6.

2007. Bezerra TF, Piccirillo JF, Fornazieri MA, de MPRR, Abdo TR, de Rezende Pinna F, та ін. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of SNOT-20 in Portuguese. Int J Otolaryngol. 2011;2011:306529.

2008.Baumann I, Blumenstock G, DeMaddalena H, Piccirillo JF, Plinkert PK. [Quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: v alidation of the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 German Adapted Version]. Hno. 2007 Jan;55(1):42-7.

2009.Tahamiler R, Edizer DT, Canakcioglu S. [The validity of the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index in chronic sinusitis]. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg. 2007;17(3):138-42.

2010.Marro M. French validation of the NOSE and RhinoQOL questionnaires in the management of nasal obstruction. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011;144(6):988-93.

2011. Atlas SJ, Gallagher PM, Wu YA, Singer DE, Gliklich RE, Metson RB, та ін. Development and validation of a new health-related quality of life instrument for patients with sinusitis. Quality of Life Research. [Review]. 2005;14(5):1375-86.

2012. Lange B, Thilsing T, Al-kalemji A, Baelum J, Martinussen T, Kjeldsen A. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 validated for Danish patients. Dan Med Bull. 2011 Feb;58(2):A4235.

2013. Hopkins C, Gillett S, Slack R, Lund VJ, Browne JP. Psychometric validity of the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009 Oct;34(5):447-54.

2014. Schalek P, Otruba L, Hahn A. Quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a validation of the Czech version of SNOT- 22 questionnaire. European archives of oto-rhinolaryngology: official journal of the European Federation of Oto- Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 Mar;267(3):473-5.

2015.Lu W, Qi F, Gao ZQ, Feng GD, Yuan XD, Jin XF. [Quality of life survey on patients with chronic rhinosinusitis by using Chinese version of the 22-item sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22)]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2008 Jan;43(1):18-21.

2016. Sahlstrand-Johnson P, Ohlsson B, Von Buchwald C, Jannert M. A multi-centre study on quality of life and absenteeism in patients with CRS referred for endoscopic surgery. Rhinology. 2011 Oct;49(4):420-8.

2017.Stavem K, Rossberg E, Larsson PG. Reliability, validity and responsiveness of a Norwegian version of the Chronic Sinusitis Survey. BMC ear, nose, and throat disorders. 2006;6:9.

2018.Gliklich RE, Metson R. Techniques for outcomes research in chronic sinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 1995 Apr;105(4 Pt 1):387-90.

2019.Wang PC, Tai CJ, Chu CC, Liang SC. Translation and validation assessment of the Chinese version of the chronic sinusitis survey. Chang Gung Med J. 2002 Jan;25(1):9-15.

2020. Fairley JW. Reliability and validity of a nasal symptom questionnaire for use as an outcome measure in clinical research and audit of FESS. Clinical Otolaryngology. 1993;40(4):195-7.

2021.Fahmy FF, McCombe A, McKiernan DC. Sino nasal assessment questionnaire, a patient focused, rhinosinusitis specific outcome measure. Rhinology. 2002 Dec;40(4):195-7.

2022. Garbutt J, Spitznagel E, Piccirillo J. Use of the modified SNOT-16 in primary care patients with clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery. 2011 Aug;137(8):792-7.

2023.Revicki D, Margolis M, Thompson C, Meltzer E, Sandor D, Shaw J. Major Symptom Score Utility Index for patients with acute rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology & allergy. 2011 Apr 8.

2024. Garbutt JM, Gellman EF, Littenberg B. The development and validation of an instrument to assess acute sinus disease in children. Qual Life Res. 1999 May;8(3):225-33.

2025. Teul I, Zbislawski W, Baran S, Czerwinski F, Lorkowski J. Quality of life of patients with diseases of sinuses. Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society. 2007 Nov;58 Suppl 5(Pt 2):691-7.

2026.Durr DG, Desrosiers MY, Dassa C. Impact of rhinosinusitis in health care delivery: the Quebec experience. J Otolaryngol. 2001 Apr;30(2):93-7.

2027.Winstead W, Barnett SN. Impact of endoscopic sinus surgery on global health perception: an outcomes study. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of 1998 Nov;119(5):486-91.

2028. Gillett S, Hopkins C, Slack R, Browne JP. A pilot study of the SNOT 22 score in adults with no sinonasal disease. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009 Oct;34(5):467-9.

2029.Ches ter AC. Symptom outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2009 Feb;17(1):50-8.

2030. Ray NF. Healthcare expenditures for sinusitis in 1996: contributions of asthma, rhinitis, and other airway disorders. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 1999;103(3):408-14.

2031.Murphy MP, Fishman P, Short SO, Sullivan SD, Yueh B, Weymuller EA, Jr. Health care utilization and cost among adults with chronic rhinosinusitis enrolled in a health maintenance organization. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;127(5):367-76.

2032. Agthoven v. Cost analysis of regular and filgrastim treatment in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2002;40(2):69-74.

2033. Bhattacharyya N. Assessing the additional disease burden of polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and lar yngology. 2009 Mar;118(3):185-9.

2034. Bhattacharyya N. Incremental health care utilization and expenditures for chronic rhinosinusitis in the United States. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2011 Jul;120(7):423-7.

2035. Bhattacharyya N, Orlandi RR, Grebner J, Martinson M. Cost burden of chronic rhinosinusitis: a claims-based study. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011 Mar;144(3):440-5.

2036.Anand VK. Epidemiology and economic impact of rhinosinusitis. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. [Conference Paper]. 2004;113(5 II):3-5.

2037. Lang HC. Outpatient drug expenditures and prescription policies for diseases with high cost to the National Health Insurance system in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2004;103(4):280-5.

2038.Bhattacharyya N, Kepnes LJ. Additional disease burden from hay fever and sinusitis accompanying asthma. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 2009 Sep;118(9):651-5.

2039. Goetzel RZ, Hawkins K, Ozminkowski RJ, Wang S. The health and productivity cost burden of the "top 10" physical and mental health conditions affecting six large U. S. employers in 1999. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Jan;45(1):5-14.

2040.Bhattacharyya N. The economic burden and symptom manifestations of chronic rhinosinusitis. American journal of rhinology. 2003 Jan-Feb;17(1):27-32.

2041. Stank iewics J. Impact of chronic rhinosinusitis on work productivity through one-year follow-up after balloon dilation of the ethmoid infundibulum. Int Forum of Allery and Rhinology. 2011(1):38-45.

2042. Stull DE, Roberts L, Frank L, Heithoff K. Relationship of nasal congestion with sleep, mood, and productivity. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 Apr;23(4):811-9.

2043.Bramley TJ, Lerner D, Sames M. Productivity losses related to the common cold. J Occup Environ Med. 2002 Sep;44(9):822-9.

2044. Hellgren J, Cervin A, Nordling S, Bergman A, Cardell LO. Allergic rhinitis and the common cold--high cost to society. Allergy. 2010 Jun 1;65(6):776-83.

2045. Drake-Lee, A. and J. Price (1997). "Mast cell ultrastructure in the inferior turbinate and stroma of nasal polyps. " J Laryngol Otol 111(4): 340-345.

2046. Jahnsen, F., P. Brandtzaeg, та ін. (1997). "Expres s ion of funct ional VCAM-1 by cultured nasal polyp-derived microvascular endothelium. " Am J Pathol. 150(6): 2113-2123.

2047. Loesel, L. (2001). "Immunopathologic study of chronic sinusitis: a proposal for atopic and non-atopic IgE-activated mast cell allergic inflammation. " Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 110(5 Pt 1): 447-452.

2048. Seong, J., J. Koo, та ін. (2002) . " Upregulation of MUC 8 and downregul a t ion of MUC5AC by inflammatory mediators in human nasal polyps and cultured nasal epithelium. " Acta Otolaryngol. 122(4): 401-407.

2049. Chen, P. and S. Fang (2004). "Expression of human beta-defensin 2 in human nasal mucosa. " Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 261(5): 238-241.

2050. Gosepath, J., J. Brieger, та ін. (2005). "Expression, localization, and significance of vascular permeability/vascular endothelial growth factor in nasal polyps " American Journal ofvRhinology. 19(1): 7-13.

2051.Watelet, J. B., C. Claeys, та ін. (2004). "Predictive and monitoring value of matrix metalloproteinase-9 for healing quality " Wound Repair & Regeneration 12(4): 412-418.

2052. Elhini, A., S. Abdelwahab, та ін. (2005). "Th1 and Th2 cell population in chronic ethmoidal rhinosinusitis: A chemokine receptor assay. " Laryngoscope 115(7): 1272-1277.

2053. Rudack, C., F. Sachse, та ін. (2006). "Primary role of growth-related oncogene-a and granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 as neutrophil chemoattractants in chronic rhinosinusitis. "Clinical & Experimental Allergy 36(6): 748-759.

2054.Watelet, J. B., P. Demetter, та ін. (2006). "Wound healing after paranasal sinus surgery: Neutrophilic inflammation influences the outcome. " Histopathology 48(2): 174-181.

2055. Erbek, S. S., H. Erinanc, та ін. (2010). "Expression of a disintegr in and metalloproteinase 33 protein in nasal polyposis: an immunohistochemical study. " Am J Rhinol Allergy 24(3): 79-82.

2056. Okano, M., T. Fujiwara, та ін. (2011). "Role of fungal antigens in eosinophilia-associated cellular responses in nasal polyps: a comparison with enterotoxin. " Clin Exp Allergy 41(2): 171-178.

2057.Agayev A, Yilmaz S. Images in clinical medicine. Cavernous sinus thrombosis. The New Eng Land DA, McNeill Land DA, McNeill journal of medicine. 2008 Nov 20;359(21):2266.

2058. Razek AA, Castillo M. Imaging lesions of the cavernous sinus. AJNR American journal of neuroradiology. 2009 Mar;30(3):444-52.

2059.Absoud M, Hikmet F, Dey P, Joffe M, Thambapillai E. Bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis complicating sinusitis. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2006 Sep;99(9):474-6.

2060.Parmar H, Gandhi D, Mukherji SK, Trobe JD. Restricted diffusion in the superior ophthalmic vein and cavernous sinus in a case of cavernous sinus thrombosis. Journal of neuroophthalmology: the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society. 2009 Mar;29(1):16-20.

2061. Bacher t C, Zhang N, van Zele T, Gevaert P, Patou J, van Cauwenberge P. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins as immune stimulants in chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2007;20:163-75.

2062.Fokkens WJ, Holm AF, Rijntjes E, Mulder PG, Vroom TM. Characterization and quantification of cellular infiltrates in nasal mucosa of patients with grass pollen allergy, nonallergic patients with nasal polyps and controls. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1990;93(1):66-72.

2063.Ming YL, Rhee C. Inflammatory cytokine expression on nasal polyps developed in allergic and infectious rhinitis. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1997;117:302.

2064.Venkatachalam VP, Jain A. Comparative evaluation of functional endoscopic sinus surgery and conventional surgery in the management of chronic sinusitis. Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 2002;100(2):78-9, 82-3-78-9, 82-3.

2065.Ahmed J, Pal S, Hopkins C, Jayaraj S. Functional endoscopic balloon dilation of sinus ostia for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). [10.1002/14651858. CD008515. pub2]. 2011(7):CD008515-CD.

2066.Rupa V, Jacob M, Mathews MS, Seshadri MS. A prospective, randomised, placebocontrolled trial of postoperative oral steroid in allergic fungal sinusitis. European archives of otorhinolaryngology: official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2010 Feb;267(2):233-8.

2067. Alobid I, Benitez P, Pujols L, Maldonado M, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Morello A, та ін. Severe nasal polyposis and its impact on quality of life. The effect of a short course of oral steroids followed by long-term intranasal steroid treatment. Rhinology. 2006;44(1):8-13.

2068. Hissaria P, Smith W, Wormald PJ, Taylor J, Vadas M, Gillis D, та ін. Short course of systemic corticosteroids in sinonasal polyposis: A double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trial with evaluation of outcome measures. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2006;118(1):128-33.

2069. Ferguson BJ . Categorization of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery. [Review]. 2004;12(3):237-42.

2070.Asplund MS, Hagberg H, Holmstrom M. Chemotherapy in severe nasal polyposis--a possible beneficial effect? A report of three cases. Rhinology. 2010 Sep;48(3):374-6.

2071. Buyukozturk S, Gelincik A, Aslan I, Aydin S, Colakoglu B, Dal M. Methotrexate: can it be a choice for nasal polyposis in aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease? J Asthma. 2009 Dec;46(10):1037-41.

Пошук Всі результати